DEFICITS IN BONE SIZE, MASS, AND DENSITY IN ANOREXIA NERVOSA
2265
12. Vega E, Ghiringhelli G, Mautalen C, Valzacchi GR, Scaglia H,
Zylberstein C 1998 Bone mineral density and bone size in men
with primary osteoporosis and vertebral fractures. Calcif Tis-
sue Int 62:465–469.
13. Krabbe S, Christiansen C, Rodbro P, Transbol I 1979 Effect of
puberty on rates of bone growth and mineralisation with ob-
servations in male delayed puberty. Arch Dis Child 54:950–
953.
14. Theintz G, Buchs B, Rizzoli R, Sloman D, Clavien H, Si-
zonenko PC, Bonjour JP 1992 Longitudinal monitoring of
bone mass accumulation in healthy adolescents: Evidence for
a marked reduction after 16 years of age at the levels of the
lumbar spine and femoral neck in female subjects. J Clin
Endocrinol Metab 75:1060–1065.
15. Fournier P-E, Rizzoli R, Slosman D, Theintz G, Bonjour J-P
1997 Asynchrony between the rates of standing height gain
and bone mass accumulation during puberty. Osteoporos Int
7:525–532.
16. Bass S, Delmas PD, Pearce G, Hendrich E, Tabensky A,
Seeman E 1999 The differing tempo of growth in bone size,
mass and density in girls is region-specific. J Clin Invest
104:795–804.
17. Tupman GS 1962 A study of bone growth in normal children
and its relationship to skeletal maturation. J Bone Joint Surg
Am 44B:42–67.
18. Duval-Beaupere G, Combes J 1971 Segments superieur et
inferieur au cours de la croissance physiologue des filles. Arch
Franc Ped 28:1057–1071.
19. Cameron N, Tanner JM, Whitehouse RH 1982 A longitudinal
analysis of the growth of limb segments in adolescence. Ann
Hum Biol 9:211–220.
20. Gordon CL, Halton JM, Atkinson SA, Webber CE 1991 The
contributions of growth and puberty to peak bone mass.
Growth Dev Aging 55:257–262.
21. World Health Organization (WHO), ICD-10 1992 Classifica-
tion of Mental and Behaviour Disorders: Clinical Description
and Diagnostic Guidelines, 10th ed. WHO, Geneva, Switzer-
land, pp. 176–179.
22. Rigotti NA, Nussbaum SR, Herzog DB, Neer RM 1984 Os-
teoporosis in women with anorexia nervosa. N Engl J Med
311:1601–1606.
23. Biller BMK, Saxe V, Herzog DB, Rosenthal DI, Holzman S,
Klibanski A 1989 Mechanisms of osteoporosis in adult and
adolescent women with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol
Metab 68:548–554.
24. Szmukler GI, Brown SW, Parsons V, Darby A 1985 Premature
loss of bone in chronic anorexia nervosa. BMJ 290:26–27.
25. Treasure J, Fogelman I, Russell GFM 1986 Osteopenia of the
lumbar spine and femoral neck in anorexia nervosa. Scott Med
J 31:206–207.
26. Bachrach LK, Guido D, Katzman D, Litt IF, Marcus R 1990
Decreased bone density in adolescent girls with anorexia ner-
vosa. Paediatrics 86:440–447.
27. Seeman E, Szmukler GI, Formica C, Tsalamandris C,
Mestrovic R 1992 Osteoporosis in anorexia nervosa: The in-
fluence of peak bone density, bone loss, oral contraceptive use,
and exercise. J Bone Miner Res 7:1467–1474.
subjects aged 5–27 years. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:1586–
1590.
32. Zamberlan N, Radetti G, Paganini C, Gatti D, Rossini M,
Braga V, Adami S 1996 Evaluation of cortical thickness and
bone density by roentgen microdensitometry in growing males
and females. Eur J Pediatr 155:377–382.
33. Warner JT, Cowan FJ, Dunstan FDJ, Evans WD, Webb DKH,
Gregory JW 1998 Measured and predicted bone mineral con-
tent in healthy boys and girls aged 6–18 years: Adjustment for
body size and puberty. Acta Paediatr 87:244–249.
34. Zhang XZ, Kalu DN, Erbas B, Hopper JL, Seeman E 1999 The
effect of gonadectomy on bone size, mass and volumetric
density in growing rats may be gender-, site- and growth
hormone-dependent. J Bone Miner Res 14:802–809.
35. Rosen HN, Chen V, Cittadini A, Greenspan SL, Douglas PS,
Moses AC, Beamer WG 1995 Treatment with growth hormone
and IGF-1 in growing rats increase bone mineral content but
not bone mineral density. J Bone Miner Res 10:1352–1358.
36. Neely EK, Marcus R, Rosenfeld RG, Bachrach LK 1993
Turner syndrome adolescents receiving growth hormone are
not osteopenic. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 76:861–866.
37. Soyka LA, Grinspoon S, Levitsky LL, Herzog DB, Klibanski
A 1999 The effects of anorexia nervosa on bone metabolism in
female adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:4489–4496.
38. Hotta M, Fukuda I, Sato K, Hizuka N, Shibasaki T, Takano K
2000 The relationship between bone turnover and body
weight, serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1, and serum
IGF-bonding protein levels in patients with anorexia nervosa.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:200–206.
39. Bachrach LK, Katzman DK, Litt IF, Guido D, Marcus R 1991
Recovery from osteopenia in adolescent girls with anorexia
nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 72:602–606.
40. Treasure JL, Russell GFM, Fogelman I, Murby B 1987 Re-
versible bone loss in anorexia nervosa. BMJ 295:474–475.
41. Rigotti NA, Neer RM, Skates SJ, Herzog DB, Nussbaum SR
1991 The clinical course of osteoporosis in anorexia nervosa.
A longitudinal study. JAMA 265:1133–1138.
42. Brooks ER, Ogden BW, Cavalier DS 1998 Compromised bone
density 11.4 years after diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. J Wom-
ens Health 7:567–74.
43. Herzog W, Minne H, Deter C, Leidig G, Schellberg D, Wu¨ster
C, Gronwald R, Sarembe E, Kroger F, Bergmann G, Petzold E,
Hahn P, Schepank H, Ziegler R 1993 Outcome of bone min-
eral density in anorexia nervosa patients 11.7 years after first
admission. J Bone Miner Res 8:597–605.
44. Kooh SW, Noriega E, Leslie K, Muller C, Harrison JE 1996
Bone mass and soft tissue composition in adolescents with
anorexia nervosa. Bone 19:181–188.
45. Ward A, Brown N, Treasure J 1997 Persistent osteopenia after
recovery from anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 22:71–75.
46. Hay PJ, Hall A, Delahunt JW, Harper G, Mitchell AW, Sal-
mond C 1989 Investigation of osteopaenia in anorexia nervosa.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry 23:261–268.
47. Valla A, Groenning IL, Syversen U, Hoeiserch A 2000 An-
orexia nervosa: Slow regain of bone mass. Osteoporos Int
11:141–145.
28. Lucas AR, Melton LJ III, Crowson CS, O‘Fallon WM 1999
Long-term fracture risk among women with anorexia nervosa:
A population-based cohort study. Mayo Clin Proc 74:972–
977.
29. Mazess RB, Wahner HM 1988 Nuclear medicine and densi-
tometry. In: Riggs BL, Melton LJ III (eds.) Osteoporosis:
Aetiology, Diagnosis and Management. Raven Press, New
York, NY, U.S.A., pp. 251–295.
Address reprint requests to:
Ego Seeman, M.D.
Department of Endocrinology
Austin and Repatriation Medical Center
Heidelberg, Melbourne, 3084, Australia
30. Carter DR, Bouxsein ML, Marcus R 1992 New approaches for
interpreting projected bone densitometry data. J Bone Miner
Res 7:137–145.
Received in original form February 8, 2000; in revised form May
31. Lu PW, Cowell CT, Lloyd-Jones SA, Brody JN, Howman-
Giles R 1996 Volumetric bone mineral density in normal 31, 2000; accepted June 29, 2000.