6
S.M. Sadeghzadeh, M. Malekzadeh / Journal of Molecular Liquids xxx (2014) xxx–xxx
1
00
4. Conclusion
275
9
9
9
9
9
8
8
8
8
8
8
6
4
2
0
8
6
4
2
0
In conclusion, we have developed a heterogeneous catalyst based on 276
the concept of supported ionic liquid phase catalysis. The amounts of 277
both ionic liquids as well as the transition metal species involved in the 278
preparation of catalysts were low and the preparation procedure was 279
easy, thus displaying very good performance from an economic point of 280
view. The catalyst was well characterized by different physicochemical 281
techniques to confirm its structural integrity. The synthesized Fe
3 4
O / 282
SiO /Salen/Mn/IL MNP was used as a magnetically recyclable heteroge- 283
2
neous catalyst for the efficient one-pot synthesis of 1,3-thiazolidin-4- 284
ones from the reaction of aldehyde, amine, and thioglycolic acid with 285
high product yields. This catalyst offers notable advantages such as het- 286
erogeneous nature, easy separation by external magnetic field, good to 287
excellent product yields, easy preparation, short reaction times, and sim- 288
plicity of handling. In addition, the catalyst used is easily recovered by 289
using an external permanent magnet and reused without any noticeable 290
1
2
3
4
5
6
Reuse
Fig. 7. Reuses performance of the catalysts.
loss of activity after at 6 times.
291
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
32 MNPs is fixed in 94% but Salen/Mn/IL MNPs showed 95% preparation of
33 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one. The nano-sized particles increase the exposed
34 surface area of the active component of the catalyst, thereby enhancing
35 the contact between reactants and catalyst dramatically and mimicking
36 the homogeneous catalysts. Also, the activity and selectivity of nano-
37 catalyst can be manipulated by tailoring chemical and physical proper-
38 ties like size, shape, composition and morphology.
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322
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332
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The recyclability test was stopped after six runs. Comparison of TEM
71 images (Fig. 1b), FT-IR spectra (Fig. 3b), and UV/vis spectra (Fig. 5b) of
72 used catalyst with those of the fresh catalyst (Figs. 1a, 3a, and 5a)
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2
3
74 MNPs remained intact after six recoveries.
41
3 4 2
O /SiO /