Synthesis, Structures, and Fluorescent Properties of Three Cobalt-Based Coordination Polymers with a Rigid Tripodal Carboxylate Ligand

Article abstract of DOI:10.1002/zaac.201500665

Three cobalt(II) coordination polymers, [Co₂(tatb)₂(2,2′-bipy)₂ (H₂O)₂·DMA·2H₂O] (1), [Co₂(tatb)₂(1,10-phen)₂(H₂O)₂·2H₂O] (2) and [Co(tatb)(1,3-dpp)·H₂O] (3) (H₃tatb = 4,4′,4;″-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)tribenzoic acid; 2,2′-bipy = 2,2′-bipyridyl; 1,10-phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; 1,3-dpp = 1,3-bis(pyridin-4-yl)propane), were synthesized solvothermally and characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), as well as IR spectroscopy. Complexes 1 and 2 exhibit 1D double-chain structures, which further connect into interesting 3D networks by hydrogen bond and strong π-π interactions. Complex 3 possesses 2D 4⁴-sql topology, which is packed parallel in an AA fashion. Moreover, thermal stability properties and photoluminescence properties of 1, 2 and 3 were also investigated.

Full text of DOI:10.1002/zaac.201500665

Journal of Inorganic and General Chemistry
www.zaac.wiley-vch.de
ARTICLE
Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie
DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201500665
Synthesis, Structures, and Fluorescent Properties of Three Cobalt-Based
Coordination Polymers with a Rigid Tripodal Carboxylate Ligand
[a]
[a]
[a]
[a]
[a]
Xiao-Bin Liu, Zhen-Yu Xiao, Ao Huang, Wen Wang, Liang-Liang Zhang,
[a]
[a]
Rong-Ming Wang,* and Dao-Feng Sun
Keywords: N-donor co-ligands; Cobalt; Coordination polymers
Abstract. Three cobalt(II) coordination polymers, [Co
bipy) (H O) ·DMA·2H O] (1), [Co (tatb) (1,10-phen) (H
2) and [Co(tatb)(1,3-dpp)·H O] (3) (H tatb = 4,4Ј,4ЈЈ-(1,3,5-triazine- nect into interesting 3D networks by hydrogen bond and strong π–π
,4,6-triyl)tribenzoic acid; 2,2Ј-bipy = 2,2Ј-bipyridyl; 1,10-phen =
,10-phenanthroline; 1,3-dpp = 1,3-bis(pyridin-4-yl)propane), were parallel in an AA fashion. Moreover, thermal stability properties and
2
(tatb)
2
(2,2Ј- powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), as well as IR spectroscopy. Com-
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
O) ·2H
2
2
O] plexes 1 and 2 exhibit 1D double-chain structures, which further con-
(
2
1
2
3
4
interactions. Complex 3 possesses 2D 4 -sql topology, which is packed
synthesized solvothermally and characterized by single-crystal and photoluminescence properties of 1, 2 and 3 were also investigated.
1
Introduction
terized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, elemen-
tal analysis, IR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry. In ad-
dition, their fluorescent properties were also investigated.
In the past decades, coordination polymers (CPs) have at-
tracted widespread interest in virtue of their fascinating struc-
tures and intriguing potential applications, such as selective
molecular recognition and separation, gas storage and separa-
tion, absorption, luminescence, molecular magnet, ion-ex-
[1–5]
change and heterogeneous catalysis.
For the formation of
coordination polymers, the selection of carboxylate ligand is
essential. Among the family of organic carboxylate, triangular
carboxylate shows more superiorities.[
6–9]
The ligand
4
,4Ј,4ЈЈ-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)tribenzoic acid (H tatb) has
3
been utilized previously, and it has been utilized in the con-
struction of copper coordination polymers, which possess out-
standing hydrogen uptake.[
10–12]
Moreover, a careful selection
of N-donor ligands with different conformations as secondary
auxiliary ligands is a key step for the rational design of struc-
tures with specific physical and chemical properties.[
13–17]
However, CPs based on H tatb and N-donor ligands have only
3
Scheme 1. Structures of H tatb and N-donor ligands used in this work.
3
been investigated scarcely.
To explore the influence of N-donor ligands on achieving
different dimensional and topological structures based on tri-
angular carboxylate ligand, H tatb was selected as the main
ligand, 2,2Ј-bipy, 1,10-phen, and 1,3-dpp with different confor-
3
2
Experimental Section
mations as co-ligands (Scheme 1). Three CPs with cobalt,
2.1 Materials and Measurements
namely,
[Co (tatb) (2,2Ј-bipy) (H O) ·DMA·2H O]
(1),
2
2
2
2
2
2
[
Co (tatb) (1,10-phen) (H O) ·2H O] (2), and [Co(tatb)(1,3- All the reagents and solvents employed were commercially available
2
2
2
2
2
2
and used as received without further purification except H
3
tatb. Infra-
dpp)·H O] (3), were successfully synthesized, and charac-
2
red spectra were recorded with a Bruker VERTEX-70 spectrometer
–
1
as KBr pellets in the frequency range 4000–400 cm . The elemental
analyses (C, H, and N) were determined with a CE instruments EA
1110 analyzer. Luminescence spectra were recorded with a HITICHI
F7000 fluorescence spectrophotometer at room temperature (25 °C).
TG curves were measured from 40 to 800 °C with a METTLER
*
Prof. Dr. R.-M. Wang
E-Mail: rmwang@upc.edu.cn
[
a] College of Science
China University of Petroleum (East China)
Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW
under http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.201500665 or from the au-
thor.
–
1
TOLEDO instrument at a heating rate 10 K·min in a nitrogen
–
1
atmosphere (100 mL·min ).
Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2016, 642, (1), 31–35
31
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2
.2 Synthesis of H tatb Ligand
2.3.3 Synthesis of [Co(tatb)(1,3-dpp)·H O] (3)
2
3
3
3 2 2 3
Ligand 4,4Ј,4ЈЈ-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)tribenzoic acid (H tatb) A mixture of Co(NO ) ·6H O (40.9 mg, 0.141 mmol), H tatb (8 mg,
[
10]
(Scheme 2) was synthesized according to the literature procedure.
2
0.018 mmol), 1,3-dpp (22.2 mg, 0.120 mmol), and 7 mL NMP-H O
(
v:v = 1:1) was sealed in a glass tube and placed in an oven at 120 °C
for 4300 min. Afterwards, the reaction system was cooled to room
–
1
temperature slowly at a rate of 0.1 K·min . Purple, needle-shaped
crystals were obtained and washed with DMF, EtOH and dried in the
air (yield: 70%. based on cobalt). C37
H
23.5CoN
5
O
6
: calcd. C 62.41, H
.50, N 9.90%; found: C 62.55, H 3.65, N 10.21%. IR (KBr): ν˜ =
435 (s), 2358 (w), 2029(w), 2024 (w), 1624 (m), 1521 (m), 1403 (m),
3
3
–
1
1131 (w), 765 (w), 585 (w) cm .
3
Scheme 2. The reaction pathway of H tatb.
2.4. X-ray Crystallography
2.3 Synthesis of Complexes 1–3
Single crystals of complexes 1–3 with appropriate dimensions were
chosen under an optical microscope and quickly coated with high vac-
uum grease (Dow Corning Corporation) before being mounted on a
glass fiber for data collection. Data for 1–3 were collected with a Su-
perNova diffractometer equipped with a Molybdenum micro-focus X-
ray sources (λ = 0.71073 Å) and an Eos CCD detector under 293 K.
The data were collected with a ω-scan technique and an arbitrary φ-
angle. Data reductions were performed with the CrysAlisPro package,
and an analytical absorption correction was performed. The structures
were treated anisotropically, whereas the aromatic and hydroxyl-
hydrogen atoms were placed in calculated, ideal positions and refined
2
.3.1 [Co (tatb) (2,2’-bipy) (H O) ·DMA·2H O] (1)
2
2
2
2
2
2
A mixture of Co(NO
3
)
2
·6H
33.1 mg, 0.212 mmol), H tatb (8.6 mg, 0.019 mmol), and 7 mL
O (v:v = 1:1) was sealed in a 10 mL stainless steel reactor,
2
O (47.9 mg, 0.114 mmol), 2,2Ј-bipy
(
3
DMA-H
2
heated to 120 °C in 500 min, and kept at 120 °C for 4300 min. After-
wards, the reaction system was cooled to room temperature slowly at
a rate of 0.1 K·min . Purple, needle-shaped crystals were obtained and
washed with DMA and dried in the air (yield: 72%. based on cobalt).
C
–1
72
H54Co
2
N
11
O16: calcd. C 58.92, H 3.95, N 10.50%; found: C 57.15,
H 4.05, N 11.20%. IR (KBr): ν˜ = 3429 (s), 2017 (w), 1639 (s), 1515
as riding on their respective carbon or oxygen atoms. Structure was
–1
(m), 1397 (m), 1218 (w), 1106 (w), 765 (m), 591 (w) cm .
[18]
examined using the Addsym subroutine of PLATON
to assure that
no additional symmetry could be applied to the models. Crystal data
collection and parameters are summarized in Table 1, and selected
bond lengths and angles are given in Table S1, Table S2, and
2
.3.2 Synthesis of [Co (tatb) (1,10-phen) (H O) ·2H O] (2)
2 2 2 2 2 2
A
3 2 2 3
mixture of Co(NO ) ·6H O (48.0 mg, 0.165 mmol), H tatb
(
11.0 mg, 0.025 mmol), 1,10-phen (52.5 mg, 0.291 mmol), and 7 mL Table S3 (Supporting Information).
NMP-H O (v:v = 1:1) was sealed in a 10 mL stainless steel reactor
and placed in an oven at 120 °C for 4300 min. Afterwards the reaction
2
Crystallographic data (excluding structure factors) for the structures in
this paper have been deposited with the Cambridge Crystallographic
Data Centre, CCDC, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB21EZ, UK. Copies
of the data can be obtained free of charge on quoting the depository
numbers CCDC-1403528, CCDC-1403529, and CCDC-1403530.
(Fax: +44-1223-336-033; E-Mail: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk, http://
www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk)
–
1
system was cooled to room temperature slowly at a rate of 0.1 K·min .
Purple crystals were obtained and washed with DMF, EtOH, and dried
in the air (yield: 65%. based on cobalt). C72
9.02, H 3.35, N 9.56%; found: C 60.15, H 3.42, N 9.71%. IR (KBr):
ν˜ = 3412 (s), 2011 (w), 1645 (s), 1509 (w), 1390 (m), 1118 (m), 1013
2 10
H45Co N O14: calcd. C
5
–1
(
w), 765 (w) cm .
Table 1. Crystallographic data for 1–3.
1
2
3
Furmula
C
72
H54Co
2
N
11
O
16
C
72
H45Co
2
N
10
O
14
37 5 6
C H23.5CoN O
M
1446.64
triclinic
P1
1392.04
triclinic
P1
693.07
Crystal system
triclinic
¯
¯
¯
Space group
a /Å
b /Å
c /Å
α /°
β /°
P1
14.0681(10)
15.3715(10)
17.2188(11)
107.699(6)
103.005(6)
103.223(6)
3274.4(4)
2
14.6268(11)
15.5313(11)
17.2860(12)
110.177(6)
100.475(6)
103.126(6)
3441.2(4)
2
9.0219(4)
12.1308(9)
16.8349(7)
85.216(5)
75.255(4)
69.170(6)
1665.27(16)
2
γ /°
V /Å3
Z
–3
D /g·cm
1.467
0.587
1.343
0.554
1.382
0.570
μ /mm–1
R
int
0.1198
0.0734
0.0505
GOF
0.956
0.954
1.052
R
1
/ wR
, wR
2
[I Ͼ 2σ(I)]
(all data)
0.0800, 0.1114
0.2393, 0.1644
0.0775, 0.1736
0.1559, 0.2150
0.0739, 0.2051
0.0917, 0.2275
R
1
2
Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2016, 31–35
32
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Supporting Information (see footnote on the first page of this article):
Simulated and experimental PXRD patterns, IR spectra, and selected
bond lengths and angles of complexes 1–3.
3
Results and Discussion
3.1 Crystal Structures
3
.1.1 [Co (tatb) (2,2’bipy) (H O) ·DMA·2H O] (1)
2
2
2
2
2
2
Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that com-
plex 1 shows a double-strand 1D chain structure, crystallizing
¯
in the monoclinic P1 space group. The asymmetric unit con-
II
tains two ligands, two crystallographic independent Co ions,
two 2,2Ј-bipy co-ligands, two coordinated water molecules,
and one uncoordinated DMA molecule. As shown in Fig-
ure 1a, Co1 is hexacoordinated by three carboxylate oxygen
2
–
atoms from two different Htatb molecules, one oxygen atom
from coordinated water molecule, and two nitrogen atoms
from 2,2Ј-bipy, whereas Co2 is pentacoordinated by two carb-
oxylate oxygen atoms from two different Htatb2 molecules,
one oxygen atom from coordinated water molecule, and two
nitrogen atoms from 2,2Ј-bipy. The Co–O and Co–N distances
range from 2.038(6) to 2.275(6) Å and 2.109(7) to 2.121(8) Å,
respectively. The carboxylate ligands are partly deprotonated,
–
1
1
1
0
and adopt μ -η -η and μ -η -η modes to link two different
1
1
II
central Co atoms to form 1D double-chains, which are limited
by the two chelating nitrogen atoms of central metal ions to
construct higher dimensional architectures. The 1D infinite
double chains are further packed into a three-dimensional sup-
ramolecular framework through π–π stacking and weak inter-
Figure 1. (a) Coordination mode of metal ions for complex 1. (b) The
actions. As shown in Figure 1b, the two SBUs are connected 3D supramolecular architecture via π···π stacking interactions viewed
by the backbones of the H tatb ligands to generate two inde- from the b axis direction.
3
pendent open frameworks with 1D channels along the b axis.
3
.1.2 [Co (tatb) (1,10-phen) (H O) ·2H O] (2)
2 2 2 2 2 2
¯
Complex 2 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group with
a 1D double-strand framework. The asymmetric unit consists
of two ligands, two cobalt ions, two 1,10-phen co-ligands, and
two coordinated water molecules. The network contains two
different types of single-core cobalt SBUs, and the coordina-
tion modes of two central metal atoms are the same as the
instances of Co1 and Co2 in complex 1. As shown in Fig-
ure 2a, the Co1 atom is hexacoordinated with octahedral ar-
rangement and the Co2 atom is pentacoordinated with trigonal
biyramidal arrangement. The Co–O and Co–N distances range
from 2.035(5) to 2.236(5) Å and 2.098(8) to 2.148(8) Å,
respectively, which is consistent with the other reported cobalt
complexes.[
19–22]
The carboxylic groups of complex 2 also
1
1
1
0
adopt μ -η -η and μ -η -η bridging modes to link different
1
1
CoO N and CoO N , resulting in a double-strand structure,
4
2
3 2
and finally the 3D supramolecular framework is formed by
π–π stacking and weak interactions.
3
.1.3 [Co(tatb)(1,3-dpp)·H O] (3)
Figure 2. (a) Coordination mode of metal ions for complex 2. (b) View
of the 3D supramolecular structure and π···π stacking motifs exist in
the framework. (c) View of the one Co-tatb layer simplified through
2
When the bridging 1,3-dpp is used instead of the chelating
2,2Ј-bipy or 1,10-phen ligand, complex 3 was obtained in a topology.
Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2016, 31–35
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good yield. X-ray single crystal diffraction displays that 3 has ure 4. The three complexes show two identifiable weight loss
¯
a 2D layer framework and crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space steps. For complex 1, the first weight loss occurs from 40 to
4
group with 4 -sql topology, as shown in Figure 3b and c. The 271 °C, which is attributed to the loss of lattice solvent mol-
asymmetrical unit contains one Co ion, one Htatb ligand, ecules and the coordinated water molecules (obsd. 10.20%,
II
2–
and one 1,3-dpp molecule. The coordination environment of calcd. 10.99%), then the network of 1 collapse quickly. For
II
Co ion is shown in Figure 3a. It is coordinated by four carb- complex 2, the weight loss corresponding to the release of lat-
2
–
oxylate oxygen atoms from three Htatb ligands and two ni- tice and coordination water molecules is observed from 40 to
trogen atoms from two 1,3-dpp molecules, forming a distorted 296 °C (obsd. 5.67%, calcd. 5.17%), and then the framework
octahedral arrangement. The Co–O and Co–N distances range begins to collapse, which is assigned to the decomposition of
from 2.005(4) to 2.133(4) Å and 2.114(5) to 2.166(6) Å, 1,10-phen and H tatb ligands. For complex 3, the loss of lattice
3
respectively. The carboxylic groups have two coordination water molecules (obsd. 2.80%, calcd. 2.60%) is observed be-
1
1
modes: one carboxylate group adopts μ -η -η bridging mode fore 201 °C, and then the abrupt weight loss is assigned to the
2
II
1
1
to link two Co ions, and another one adopts μ -η -η bridging decomposition of organic ligands.
1
II
mode to link one Co ion. The 1,3-dpp molecules link two
Co (COO) SBUs to form 1D infinite chain, which is further
2
2
connected to the final 2D layer structure by two-connected
2
–
Htatb ligands, and then the adjacent 2D networks are parallel
packed to 3D structure in a AA fashion, as depicted in Fig-
ure 3e and f.
Figure 4. TGA curves of complexes 1–3.
3.3 Photoluminescence Properties
The luminescent emission spectra of complexes 1–3 were
examined in the solid state at room temperature as is shown in
Figure 5. The main emission peak of the free rigid ligand tatb
appears at 443 nm (λex = 330 nm) and can be assigned to the
Figure 3. (a) Molecular structure of 3 with atom labeling of the asym-
[24,25]
intra-ligand π*–π transitions.
Complexes 1–3 show sim-
4
metric unit. (b) View of the single 2D 4 -sql net. (c) Presentation of a
4
ilar emission peaks at 434 nm, 438 nm, and 436 nm, respec-
2
D 4 -sql net (d) Perspective view of the SBU. (e) 2D + 2D Ǟ 2D of
the packing sheets in the crystal with a AA fashion (f) Schematic
representation of the layer structure of structure 3.
3.2 X-ray Diffraction and Thermogravimetric Analyses
The X-ray powder diffraction patterns of the samples were
recorded for checking the phase purities of 1–3 at room tem-
perature. As shown in Figure S1 (Supporting Information), the
experimental patterns are in good agreement with simulated
ones generated from the results of single-crystal diffraction
data, demonstrating the phase purity of the product nicely. The
preferred orientation of the crystalline powder samples perhaps
caused the dissimilarities in intensity.[
23]
In order to characterize the compounds more fully in terms
of thermal stability, the thermogravimetric (TG) measurements
were performed on polycrystalline samples of complexes 1–3
in a nitrogen atmosphere and the TG curves are shown in Fig-
Figure 5. Solid-state fluorescence emissions of complexes 1–3, and
H tatb.
3
Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2016, 31–35
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II
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triazine-2,4,6-triyl)tribenzoic acid (H tatb), and different types
3
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