Facile synthesis of a Fe3O4/MIL-101(Fe) composite with enhanced catalytic performance

Article abstract of DOI:10.1039/c6ra19170c

A magnetic porous material, Fe₃O₄/MIL-101(Fe), has been successfully fabricated by using simple ultrasound-assisted electrostatic self-assembly technology, and was demonstrated to be a highly active heterogeneous catalyst for the dimerization reaction of o-phenylenediamine (OPD) in the presence of H₂O₂via synergistic peroxidase-like activity.

Full text of DOI:10.1039/c6ra19170c

View Article Online
View Journal
RSC Advances
This article can be cited before page numbers have been issued, to do this please use: Z. W. Jiang, F. Q.
Dai, C. Z. Huang and Y. F. Li, RSC Adv., 2016, DOI: 10.1039/C6RA19170C.
This is an Accepted Manuscript, which has been through the
Royal Society of Chemistry peer review process and has been
accepted for publication.
Accepted Manuscripts are published online shortly after
acceptance, before technical editing, formatting and proof reading.
Using this free service, authors can make their results available
to the community, in citable form, before we publish the edited
article. This Accepted Manuscript will be replaced by the edited,
formatted and paginated article as soon as this is available.
You can find more information about Accepted Manuscripts in the
Information for Authors.
Please note that technical editing may introduce minor changes
to the text and/or graphics, which may alter content. The journal’s
standard Terms & Conditions and the Ethical guidelines still
apply. In no event shall the Royal Society of Chemistry be held
responsible for any errors or omissions in this Accepted Manuscript
or any consequences arising from the use of any information it
contains.
www.rsc.org/advances

Please do not adjust margins
RSC Advances
Page 1 of 5
View Article Online
DOI: 10.1039/C6RA19170C
Journal Name
COMMUNICATION
Facile synthesis of Fe3O4/MIL-101(Fe) composite with enhanced
catalytic performance
Zhong Wei Jiang,a Fu Qiang Dai, Cheng Zhi Huang,*ab and Yuan Fang Li*a
Received 00th January 20xx,
Accepted 00th January 20xx
DOI: 10.1039/x0xx00000x
www.rsc.org/
recycling in organic synthesis aspect10. In addition, a research
A
magnetic porous material Fe3O4/MIL-101(Fe) has been
reported that Fe3O4 MNPs exhibit peroxidaseꢀlike activity allowing
the effective detection of H2O2.11 Since then, Fe3O4 MNPs pose the
widespread applications in sensing and water purification by
utilizing the peroxidaseꢀlike activity.12
successfully fabricated by using a simple ultrasound-assisted
electrostatic self-assembly technology, which was demonstrated
to be an highly active heterogeneous catalyst for the
dimerization reaction of o-phenylenediamine (OPD) in the
presence of H2O2 via a synergistic peroxidase-like activity.
Controllable integration of MOFs and functional materials is
resulting in the creation of new multifunctional composites, which
exhibit new properties that are superior to those of the individual
components through the collective behavior of the functional units.13
For the magnetization of MOFs, five different synthesis approaches,
including, hydrothermal14, encapsulation15, in-situ magnetization16,
chemical bonding17 and coprecipitation assembly18 were attempted
by previous report. Wherein, the magnetized MOFs were used for
catalysis, extraction and separation. Intriguing by these meaningful
researches and given the tremendous emerging interest in this field,
we present an ultrasoundꢀassisted electrostatic selfꢀassembly strategy
that has allowed us to rationally design and fabricate a novel type of
magnetic composites in a general approach.
In our strategy, MILꢀ101 (Fe), a kind of Feꢀbased MOFs, was
chose as a matrix for loading Fe3O4 MNPs due to the outstanding
peroxidaseꢀlike activity among the reported Feꢀbased MOFs owing
to the high BET surface, mesosize cages and superior affinity for
H2O2.19 Typically, cysteine (Cys) functionalized Fe3O4 MNPs and
MILꢀ101(Fe) suspensions were mixed together under ultrasonication
at room temperature for 10 minutes and the magnetic composite
would be obtained by magnetic separation. The Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe)
magnetic composite prepared by this method displays high saturation
magnetization value, making this composite more susceptible to
magnetic fields and easier to isolate from aqueous solution.
Furthermore, the asꢀsynthesized Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe) exhibits much
higher catalytic activity than the single component for the synthesis
of 2,3ꢀdiaminophenazine (2,3ꢀDPA) due to the synergistic
peroxidaseꢀlike activity between the multiple active centers,
including Fe3O4 MNPs and MILꢀ101(Fe), which improved the
decomposition efficiency of H2O2 and produced abundant reactive
oxygen species (ROS) (Scheme.1).
Metalꢀorganic frameworks (MOFs), as wellꢀknown as a new class of
porous materials, synthesized by assembling with metal
cations/clusters and organic linkers have attracted significant
research interest in recent years,1 not only for the diversiform
topological structure but also for their many attractive applications in
adsorption and separation2, sensing3, drug delivery4 and catalysis5.
Recently, Feꢀbased MOFs have been widely used in catalytic
applications due to the catalytically active coordinatively unsaturated
Fe (ш) sites and the existence of Fe3ꢀꢁ3ꢀoxo clusters which endows
ironꢀcontaining MOFs photocatalytic activity.6 Moreover, intrinsic
peroxidaseꢀlike activity, a new performance of Feꢀbased MOFs
which shows ability of catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2) to •OH radicals via a Fentonꢀlike route has been found
recently and it shows a wide range of applications in biosensing
platform.7 As far as we know, there was no report about that the
catalytic performance towards the organic synthesis by utilizing the
peroxidaseꢀlike activity of Feꢀbased MOFs.
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have received considerable
attention because of their power in separation techniques. Among
various magnetic particles, iron oxides (such as Fe3O4 MNPs) have
drawn the most attention owing to their strong magnetic
responsiveness and biocompatibility. As magnetic separation is
directly performed on complex samples, the functionalized Fe3O4
MNPs are usually used for the preconcentration and isolation of
analytes from complex matrices.8 For instance, MNPs have been
used for separating DNA, proteins, cells from samples9 and catalyst
Powder XRD patterns of the parent materials (MILꢀ101(Fe),
Fe3O4) and the hybrid Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe) are shown in Fig. 1A.
The diffraction peaks of MILꢀ101(Fe) and Fe3O4 are observed in the
PXRD patterns of the asꢀsynthesized hybrid Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe),
which confirms that the MILꢀ101(Fe) represented the major
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 20xx
J. Name., 2013, 00, 1-3 | 1
Please do not adjust margins

Please do not adjust margins
RSC Advances
Page 2 of 5
View Article Online
DOI: 10.1039/C6RA19170C
COMMUNICATION
Journal Name
morphological structure of the hybrid material Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe),
the texture of the samples were observed by scanning electron
microscope (SEM). As can be seen from Fig. 1D, the surface of
MILꢀ101(Fe) with a particle size of 1.1 ꢁm has been successfully
decorated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles without any influence on the
morphology of MILꢀ101(Fe). The transmission electron microscope
(TEM) images also demonstrated that the Fe3O4 MNPs with particle
size about 10 nm were attached on the surface of MILꢀ101(Fe)
successfully (Fig. S3).
As we know, Cys is a kind of ampholyte with an isoelectric
point of 5.05. Therefore, the prepared Cysꢀfunctionalized Fe3O4
MNPs should exhibit different zeta potential under various pH of the
suspension. The asꢀprepared MILꢀ101(Fe) shows
a
strong
Scheme.1 Schematic illustration of the synergistic catalytic behavior of
Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe) for the oxidation of OPD.
electropositive. Hence, in order to obtain electronegative Fe3O4
MNPs, the pH of the suspension has been tuned from 6.0 to 10.0
(Fig. 2A). With the increase of the pH, the electronegativity of Cysꢀ
Fe3O4 become stronger and the corresponding electropositivity of the
asꢀprepared Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe) get weaker. Unfortunately, when
the pH of CysꢀFe3O4 MNPs suspension was tuned to 10.0, the asꢀ
synthesized Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe) would aggregate seriously. So, the
pH of CysꢀFe3O4 MNPs suspension was selected as 9.0 with the
purpose of obtaining stable dispersion of Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe). As
shown in Fig. 2B, the zeta potential of CysꢀFe3O4MNPs is ꢀ36.87
mV at pH of 9.0, and 35.37 mV for that of original MILꢀ101(Fe)
suspension. The corresponding Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe) shows weak
electropositivity (11.23 mV) without obvious aggregation.
component of the composite, and it also indicated that the hybrid
Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe) preserved the crystalline characters of parent
MILꢀ101(Fe). The diffraction intensity of Fe3O4 in the PXRD
patterns of Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe) was relatively weak, probably
because the low content of Fe3O4 in the composite. The Brunauer–
Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of the asꢀsynthesized MILꢀ
101(Fe) and Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe) were evaluated by nitrogen
adsorptionꢀdesorption isotherms (Fig. 1B). The BET surface area of
the naked MILꢀ101 and the hybrid Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe) are
calculated to be 1362 m2/g and 1248 m2/g, respectively. Obviously,
Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe) still maintained a high specific surface area
although the BET surface area of MILꢀ101(Fe) is minor higher than
that of Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe). Besides, the pore size of Fe3O4/MILꢀ
101(Fe) is similar to that of MILꢀ101(Fe) with a little change (Fig.
S1).
Fig. 2 (A) Zeta potential of Fe3O4 and the corresponding Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe)
under various pH; (B) the changes of zeta potential before and after reaction.
Liquidꢀphase dimerization reaction of OPD to 2,3ꢀDPA in the
presence of H2O2 was used as a model reaction system to
characterize the catalytic performance of the Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe).
When the Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe) catalyst was introduced into the
solution, the fluorescence of 2,3ꢀDPA increased along with the
time’s going and showed an intensive yellowꢀgreen fluorescence
under UV excitation (Fig. S4). The product 2,3ꢀDPA shows a strong
fluorescence emission (558 nm) in methanol under 439 nm
Fig.1 The characterization of Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe).(A) PXRD pattern of MILꢀ
101(Fe), Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe); (B) The N2 adsorptionꢀdesorption
isotherms of MILꢀ101(Fe) and Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe); (C) The hysteresis loop excitation. So, the reaction process was monitored by fluorescence
of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe); (D) SEM images of Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe).
standard curve method (Fig. S5). The standard curve has a good
linear relationship (R2=0.998) with
a
linear equation
In addition, the magnetization curve illustrates the
superparamagnetic characteristic of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe)
(Fig. 1C). The saturation magnetization values were measured to be
50 emu/g and 23 emu/g respectively, which is susceptible to
magnetic fields and easy to isolate from aqueous solution. The
photographs of dispersed MILꢀ101(Fe) and Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe) are
shown in Fig. S 2A and B, respectively. A clear solution could be
obtained after separation of Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe) by using the
external magnet in 20 s (Fig. S2C). In order to better understand the
y=24.60c+37.52. The reaction proceeds slowly over the CysꢀFe3O4
MNPs and MILꢀ101(Fe) catalysts, while the catalytic activity of the
Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe) catalyst is noticeably better under the same
conditions (Fig. 3). It also indicated that the catalytic efficiency of
H2O2 is very low without Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe). The possible reaction
mechanism was shown in Fig.S6. The Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe) shows
excellent catalytic activity for the decomposition of H
2
O2 and
produces abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) which was
involved in the whole oxidation of OPD.
2 | J. Name., 2012, 00, 1-3
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 20xx
Please do not adjust margins

Please do not adjust margins
RSC Advances
Page 3 of 5
View Article Online
DOI: 10.1039/C6RA19170C
Journal Name
COMMUNICATION
Fig. 3 Catalytic conversion of OPD to 2,3ꢀDPA over CysꢀFe3O4 MNPs, MILꢀ
101(Fe) and Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe), respectively.
Fig. 4 The productivity of 2,3ꢀDPA using Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe) as catalyst
after five consecutive reaction.
Similar to peroxidase, the catalytic activity of Fe3O4/MILꢀ
101(Fe) was found to be closely dependent on pH, temperature,
H2O2 concentration，and so on. Therefore, the reaction conditions,
such as the concentration of H2O2 and Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe), pH,
temperature, and reaction time, have been optimized (Fig. S7).
Under the optimal reaction conditions, the Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe)
displayed a higher catalytic activity than that of CysꢀFe3O4 MNPs
and MILꢀ101(Fe), achieving 97.79% yield of 2,3ꢀDPA(Fig. S8).
Compared with other existing catalyst (Table S1), the asꢀsynthesized
Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe) shows highest catalytic efficiency among the
reported catalyst for the oxidation of OPD. For the product 2,3ꢀDPA
(structure displayed in Fig. S9), the characterization data of FTIR,
1H NMR, 13C NMR and ESIꢀTOFMS are showed in Fig. S10ꢀ13,
respectively.
From the results shown above, one can easily draw a conclusion
that the catalytic activity of Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe) is higher than those
of CysꢀFe3O4MNPs and MILꢀ101(Fe) for the same reaction time.
This catalytic activity enhancement can be attributed to the
synergistic effect of CysꢀFe3O4MNPs and MILꢀ101(Fe).
Furthermore, the recyclability of the Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe) catalyst
was also examined in the dimerization reaction of OPD. The catalyst
was isolated by magnetic separation from the reaction mixture and
washed with methanol, and reused for the next run under the same
conditions. The results indicated that no significant loss of activity
for the dimerization reaction of OPD was observed over Fe3O4/MILꢀ
101(Fe) in the five successive catalytic cycles, suggesting that the
Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe) possesses longꢀterm stability (Fig. 4). The
atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) has been used for monitoring
the leaching test. The total iron content which leached from the
composite would have a relatively high leaching quantity in the firstꢀ
time using. The highest leaching amount is 1.153 ng/mL. The
leaching amount dropped dramatically with the increase of cycling
times, and even no iron was detected after three cycles (Fig.S14).
However, the catalytic efficiency of the composite is still maintained
at a high level. It indicates that the catalytic activity is mainly
derived from the composite material rather than the leached iron ion.
After five recycling use, the PXRD pattern showed that the used
Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe) keeps close to the originality (Fig. S15). As can
be seen from the Xꢀray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrums
(Fig.S16), there were no changes between the fresh and recovered
Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe). It indicates that the composite remains the
integrity without any valence state change before and after the
reaction. Besides, the morphology of Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe) has no
serious changes and no great influence upon the catalytic activity
after five consecutive reaction cycles (Fig. S17).
In summary, we have developed a facile, general and effective
ultrasoundꢀassisted electrostatic selfꢀassembly strategy for
immobilizing Fe3O4 MNPs on the surface of MILꢀ101(Fe). The
catalytic property of Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe) was evaluated by using the
dimerization reaction of OPD as a model reaction system. It is
noteworthy that the asꢀprepared Fe3O4/MILꢀ101(Fe) composite
synergistically improves the catalytic activity compared to the Cysꢀ
Fe3O4 and MILꢀ101(Fe). Furthermore, the high catalytic activity was
retained after a number of reaction cycles with a slightly change.
This study may bring light to new opportunities in the development
of high performance heterogeneous catalysts based on the
peroxidaseꢀlike activity of Feꢀbased MOFs or nanostructures.
The authors gratefully acknowledge thank the financial support
of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, No.
21175109).
Notes and references
1. W. G. Lu, Z. W. Wei, Z. Y. Gu, T. F. Liu, J. Park, J. Park, J. Tian,
M. W. Zhang, Q. Zhang, T. Gentle Iii, M. Bosch and H. C. Zhou,
Chem. Soc. Rev., 2014, 43, 5561ꢀ5593.
2. (a) G. Férey, Chem.Soc.Rev., 2008, 37, 191ꢀ214; (b) Z. Y. Gu, C.
X. Yang, N. Chang and X. P. Yan, Accounts Chem Res, 2012, 45,
734ꢀ745; (c) N. Chang, Z.ꢀY. Gu and X.ꢀP. Yan, J. Am. Chem.
Soc., 2010, 132, 13645ꢀ13647; (d) J. J. GutiérrezꢀSevillano, A.
MartínꢀCalvo, D. Dubbeldam, S. Calero and S. Hamad, RSC Adv.,
2013, 3, 14737.
3. (a) D. Wang, L. Sun, C. Hao, Y. Yan and Z. Liang, RSC Adv.,
2016, 6, 57828ꢀ57834; (b) B. Ding, C. Guo, S. X. Liu, Y. Cheng,
X. X. Wu, X. M. Su, Y. Y. Liu and Y. Li, RSC Adv., 2016, 6,
33888ꢀ33900; (c) J. F. Guo, R. M. Fang, C. Z. Huang and Y. F.
Li, RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 46301ꢀ46306.
4. (a) P. Horcajada, T. Baati, J. F. Eubank, D. Heurtaux, P. Clayette,
C. Kreuz, J.ꢀS. Chang, Y. KyuHwang, V. Marsaud, P.ꢀN. Bories,
L. Cynober, S. Gil, G. Férey, P. C. a. R. Gref, T. Chalati, C. Serre,
B. Gillet and C. Sebrie, Nat.Mater., 2010, 9, 172ꢀ178; (b) J.
Zhuang, C.ꢀH. Kuo, L.ꢀY. Chou, D.ꢀY. Liu, E. Weerapana and C.ꢀ
K. Tsung, ACS Nano, 2014, 8, 2812ꢀ2819.
5. (a) H. T. H. Nguyen, O. T. K. Nguyen, T. Truong and N. T. S.
Phan, RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 36039ꢀ36049; (b) A. R. Oveisi, A.
Khorramabadiꢀzad and S. Daliran, RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 1136ꢀ1142;
(c) K. Huang, Y. Xu, L. Wang and D. Wu, RSC Adv., 2015, 5,
32795ꢀ32803; (d) S. Beheshti and A. Morsali, RSC Adv., 2014, 4,
41825ꢀ41830.
6. (a) D. Wang, R. Huang, W. Liu, D. Sun and Z. Li, ACS Catal.,
2014, 4, 4254ꢀ4260; (b) K. G. Laurier, F. Vermoortele, R.
Ameloot, D. E. De Vos, J. Hofkens and M. B. Roeffaers, J. Am.
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 20xx
J. Name., 2013, 00, 1-3 | 3
Please do not adjust margins

Please do not adjust margins
RSC Advances
Page 4 of 5
View Article Online
DOI: 10.1039/C6RA19170C
COMMUNICATION
Journal Name
Chem. Soc., 2013, 135, 14488ꢀ14491; (c) D. Wang, M. Wang and
Z. Li, ACS Catal., 2015, 5, 6852ꢀ6857.
7. (a) L. Ai, L. Li, C. Zhang, J. Fu and J. Jiang, Chem. Eur. J., 2013,
19, 15105ꢀ15108; (b) Z. Jiang, Y. Liu, X. Hu and Y. Li, Anal.
Methods, 2014, 6, 5647ꢀ5651; (c) Z. Jiang, P. Gao, L. Yang, C.
Huang and Y. Li, Anal Chem, 2015, 87, 12177ꢀ12182; (d) Y. L.
Liu, X. J. Zhao, X. X. Yang and Y. F. Li, Analyst, 2013, 138,
4526ꢀ4531; (e) Y. Liu, P. Gao, C. Huang and Y. Li, Sci China
Chem, 2015, 58, 1553ꢀ1560.
8. (a) X. L. Zhang, H. Y. Niu, W. H. Li, Y. L. Shi and Y. Q. Cai,
Chem. Commun., 2011, 47, 4454ꢀ4456; (b) K. AguilarꢀArteaga, J.
A. Rodriguez and E. Barrado, Anal Chim Acta, 2010, 674, 157ꢀ
165.
9. (a) I. Safarik and M. Safarikova, Biomagn Res Technol, 2004, 2,
7; (b) C. Bergemann, D.MüllerꢀSchulte, J. Oster, L. àBrassard and
A. S. Lübbe, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 1999, 194, 45ꢀ52; (c) M.
Franzreb, M. SiemannꢀHerzberg, T. J. Hobley and O. R. Thomas,
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2006, 70, 505ꢀ516.
10. (a) Z. Zhu, Z. Lu, D. Wang, X. Tang, Y. Yan, W. Shi, Y. Wang,
N. Gao, X. Yao and H. Dong, Appl. Catal., B, 2016, 182, 115ꢀ
122; (b) A. HabibiꢀYangjeh and A. Akhundi, J. Mol. Catal. A:
Chem., 2016, 415, 122ꢀ130.
11. L. Z. Gao, J. Zhuang, L. Nie, J. B. Zhang, Y. Zhang and N. Gu,
Nat. Nanotechnol., 2007, 2, 577ꢀ583.
12. (a) M. Liang, K. Fan, Y. Pan, H. Jiang, F. Wang, D. Yang, D.
Lu, J. Feng, J. Zhao, L. Yang and X. Yan, Anal Chem, 2013, 85,
308ꢀ312; (b) N. Ding, N. Yan, C. Ren and X. Chen, Anal. Chem,
2010, 82, 5897ꢀ5899; (c) Y. Shi, P. Su, Y. Wang and Y. Yang,
Talanta, 2014, 130, 259ꢀ264; (d) H. Wang, H. Jiang, S. Wang, W.
Shi, J. He, H. Liu and Y. Huang, RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 45809ꢀ
45815.
13. Q. L. Zhu and Q. Xu, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2014, 43, 5468ꢀ5512.
14. (a) Y.ꢀF. Huang, M. Liu, Y.ꢀQ. Wang, Y. Li, J.ꢀM. Zhang and S.ꢀ
H. Huo, RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 15362ꢀ15369; (b) Y.ꢀF. Huang, Y.ꢀQ.
Wang, Q.ꢀS. Zhao, Y. Li and J.ꢀM. Zhang, RSC Adv., 2014, 4,
47921ꢀ47924; (c) S. Zhang, Z. Jiao and W. Yao, J. Chromatogr.
A, 2014, 1371, 74ꢀ81.
15. (a) Z. Jin, Y. Luan, M. Yang, J. Tang, J. Wang, H. Gao, Y. Lu
and G. Wang, RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 78962ꢀ78970; (b) M.
Babazadeh, R. HosseinzadehꢀKhanmiri, J. Abolhasani, E.
GhorbaniꢀKalhor and A. Hassanpour, RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 19884ꢀ
19892.
16. S. H. Huo and X. P. Yan, Analyst, 2012, 137, 3445ꢀ3451.
17. (a) F. Farzaneh and Y. Sadeghi, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 2015,
398, 275ꢀ281; (b) Y. L. Hu, Z. L. Huang, J. Liao and G. K. Li,
Anal Chem, 2013, 85, 6885ꢀ6893.
18. (a) M. Saikia, D. Bhuyan and L. Saikia, New J. Chem., 2015, 39,
64ꢀ67; (b) Z. Jiang and Y. Li, J Taiwan Inst Chem E, 2016, 59,
373ꢀ379.
19. (a) D. Chen, B. Li, L. Jiang, D. Duan, Y. Li, J. Wang, J. He and
Y. Zeng, RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 97910ꢀ97917; (b) F. Cui, Q. Deng
and L. Sun, RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 98215ꢀ98221.
4 | J. Name., 2012, 00, 1-3
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 20xx
Please do not adjust margins

Page 5 of 5
RSC Advances
View Article Online
DOI: 10.1039/C6RA19170C
Table of contents entry
The as-prepared Fe3O4/MIL-101(Fe) shows enhanced catalytic performance for
dimerization reaction of o-phenylenediamine via a synergistic peroxidase-like activity.