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895
4
. Conclusion
Kuster, B. F. M. (1990). 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). A review focussing on its
manufacture. Starch/Stärke, 42, 314–321.
Lai, L. K., & Zhang, Y. G. (2010). The effect of imidazolium ionic liquid on the dehydra-
tion of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and a room temperature catalytic
system. ChemSusChem, 3, 1257–1259.
Lenourry, A., Gardiner, J. M., & Stephens, G. (2005). Hydrogenation of C C double
bonds in an ionic liquid reaction system using the obligate anaerobe, Sporomusa
termitida. Biotechnology Letters, 27, 161–165.
In this study, a new catalytic system based on Germanium(IV)
chloride was developed for the dehydration of fructose to HMF at
room temperature. Under optimal conditions, HMF was obtained in
◦
a high yield of 70% at 25 C. It was proved that both the cations and
anions of [Bmim]Cl played an important role in the dehydration
of fructose to HMF, and a possible mechanism was proposed. Due
to the low reaction temperature and low toxicity of Germanium
species (VanDam et al., 1986), this new catalytic system would be
valuable to facilitate energy efficient and cost-effective conversion
of biomass into bio-based chemicals.
Liu, L., Sun, J. S., Cai, C. Y., Wang, S. H., Pei, H. S., & Zhang, J. S. (2009). Corn stover
pretreatment by inorganic salts and its effects on hemicellulose and cellulose
degradation. Bioresource Technology, 100, 5865–5871.
Liu, L., Sun, J. S., Li, M., Wang, S. H., Pei, H. S., & Zhang, J. S. (2009). Enhanced enzy-
matic hydrolysis and structural features of corn stover by FeCl3 pretreatment.
Bioresource Technology, 100, 5853–5858.
Marcotullio, G., & De Jong, W. (2010). Chloride ions enhance furfural forma-
tion from d-xylose in dilute aqueous acidic solutions. Green Chemistry, 12,
1
739–1746.
Mohamad Ibrahima, M. N., Zakariaa, N., Sipautb, C. S., Sulaimanc, O., & Hashimc, R.
2011). Chemical and thermal properties of lignins from oil palm biomass as a
Acknowledgement
(
substitute for phenol in a phenol formaldehyde resin production. Carbohydrate
Polymers, 86, 112–119.
Moreau, C., Finiels, A., & Vanoye, L. (2006). Dehydration of fructose and sucrose into
The project was supported by the Special Fund for Basic Sci-
entific Research of Central Colleges, South-Central University for
Nationalities (CQZ11024).
5
-hydroxymethylfurfural in the presence of 1-H-3-methyl imidazolium chloride
acting both as solvent and catalyst. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 253,
65–169.
Moreau, C., & Lansalot-Matras, C. (2003). Dehydration of fructose into 5-
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