“Turn-on” far-red fluorescence sensor for Y3+ based on Schiff-based tetraphenylethylene

Article abstract of DOI:10.1016/j.dyepig.2020.108717

Far-red and “turn-on” fluorescence sensors were paid much attention due to their outstanding merits, but this kind of fluorescence probe for Y³⁺ was not presented up to date. In this work, a Schiff-base bridged m-aminobenzoic acid-decorating te

Full text of DOI:10.1016/j.dyepig.2020.108717

Dyes and Pigments 183 (2020) 108717
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Dyes and Pigments
journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/dyepig
3
+
“
Turn-on” far-red fluorescence sensor for Y based on
Schiff-based tetraphenylethylene
a
a
a,
b,
**
a,c,*
Shengjie Jiang , Shibing Chen , Hongyu Guo
, Fafu Yang
a
College of Chemistry and Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China
Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China
b
c
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China
A R T I C L E I N F O
A B S T R A C T
Keywords:
Far-red
Far-red and “turn-on” fluorescence sensors were paid much attention due to their outstanding merits, but this
3+
kind of fluorescence probe for Y was not presented up to date. In this work, a Schiff-base bridged m-amino-
Turn-on
benzoic acid-decorating tetraphenylethylene was designed and synthesized in yield of 89%. It exhibited the far-
Fluorescence
Sensor
red fluorescence at 550–670 nm in aqueous media based on AIE effect. It showed high selective sensing ability for
3
+
3
+
Y
among all kinds of metal ions with the obvious “turn-on” fluorescence, which was observed for the first time
Y
3
+
3+
ꢀ 7
for fluorescence sensor of Y . The detection limit for Y was as low as 2.23 × 10 M. The sensor mechanism of
Tetraphenylethylene
1
1
:1 stoichiometric ratio was clarified by fluorescence titration, FT-IR spectra, H NMR and MS spectra. The
selective sensing of Y3 was further successfully applied on detecting Y for tested paper, simulated water
+
3+
sample and bio-imaging of live cells, suggesting the good practical application potential of this fluorescence
sensor on detecting Y3 in complicated water media and living body environment.
+
1
. Introduction
interference and enhancing the sensitivity of detection in comparison
with “turn-off” type [19]; (b) overcome the ACQ effect and emit strongly
in aqueous media for the practical application prospect [20–28]; (c) the
long-wavelength fluorescence with large Stokes shift due to the advan-
tages of deep tissue infiltration, minimal self-absorption, low back-
ground noise and high signal-to-noise ratio of biological resources
[29–31]; (d) high sensing selectivity and low detection limit [32].
However, normal fluorescence sensors easily aggregated in the aqueous
media and caused the strong ACQ effect, which greatly limited the
application in the actual environment and in vivo. In 2001, Tang’s
research group discovered aggregation-induced emission (AIE) which
provided a new opinion for constructing novel fluorescent sensors in
Yttrium is one of the rare earth elements bearing the many similar-
ities with lanthanide elements [1,2]. In the past few decades, it has
exhibited wide application in targeted radiotherapy, catalysis, fluores-
cent probes, hydroyttration reagents or the synthesis of nanomaterials,
etc [3–7]. As more and more yttrium was used in reagents and
biomedical products, it was inevitable that trace levels of yttrium was
released into the environment as radioactive waste [8–10]. Thus,
yttrium should be examined and recovered from a polluted environ-
ment. The traditional methods of detecting yttrium, such as inductively
coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry [11], inductively coupled
plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [12], spectrophotometric determi-
nation [13] and electrochemical method [14–16], needed expensive
instruments, complicated test procedures and long-time consumption.
Therefore, it is hoped to develop more rapid, convenient and sensitive
method for detecting the trace yttrium in waste water and life body.
On the other hand, fluorescent sensors have attracted much research
attention due to their high sensitivity, low cost, and simple operation in
recent years [17,18]. Generally, the ideal fluorescent probe should be:
aqueous media. As to fluorescent sensors for Y3 , only four examples
+
were presented up to now and the obvious shortcomings existed in these
cases. Chen etc reported a fluorescent probe for La3 and Y based on
calix [6]arene at λem = 405 nm with low sensing selectively [33].
Fukuzumi and Okamoto described an yttrium ion-selective fluorescence
sensor λem = 610 nm based on zinc porphyrin-quinone dyad in organic
solution of PhCN only [1]. Liu group synthesized a selective fluorescence
+
3+
3
+
probe λem = 490 nm for Y based on acylhydrazone Schiff base in
(
a) “turn-on” type, which was favourable for reducing the background
organic solution of THF [2]. Souza and his co-workers introduced a
*
Corresponding author. College of Chemistry and Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China.
** Corresponding author. College of Chemistry and Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China.
E-mail address: yangfafu@fjnu.edu.cn (F. Yang).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2020.108717
Received 21 April 2020; Received in revised form 24 June 2020; Accepted 13 July 2020
Available online 7 August 2020
0
143-7208/© 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

S. Jiang et al.
Dyes and Pigments 183 (2020) 108717
Fig. 1. The emission spectra of SB-TPE in THF/H
2
O solutions with different
Scheme 1. The synthetic route for SB-TPE.
fractions of H
THF/H O with different H
in pure THF and THF/H O with f
2
O; Inserted: The ratio changes (I/I ) of fluorescence intensities in
o
2
2
O fractions; the fluorescence photograph of SB-TPE
= 95%. (1 × 10ꢀ M, λex = 360 nm).
5
2
w
spectrometer with a 6-inch integrating sphere was applied to obtain the
value of the solution. The MCF-7 living cells
absolute fluorescence Φ
F
were supplied by the school of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University. All
calculations were performed on the Gaussian 09 program at the B3LYP/
6
-31G (d) level using the density functional theory (DFT) method.
Compounds 3 and 4 were prepared according to the published proced-
ures [35,36].
2
.2. Synthetic procedure for SB-TPE
Compound 4 (0.376 g, 1 mmol) and m-aminobenzoic acid (0.137 g,
1
mmol) were added to 20 mL of absolute ethanol. The mixture was
stirred and refluxed for 12 h. TLC detection suggested the fulfillment of
reaction. Then the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the
residue was recrystallized from CHCl
yellow powder (89% yield).
3
/EtOH to obtain SB-TPE as a
2
.2.1. Bis-TPE
1HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl
3
) δ: 13.09 (s, 1H, OH), 12.83 (s, 1H,
–
ꢀ
6
N
–
CH), 8.84 (s, 1H, OH), 7.86 (s, 1H, ArH), 7.53–7.62 (m, 2H, ArH),
Fig. 2. Fluorescence spectra of SB-TPE (1.0 × 10 M) with different metal
ꢀ 6
7.33 (s, 1H, ArH), 6.97–7.20 (m, 16H, ArH), 6.73–6.75 (d, J = 8.0 Hz,
ions (3.0 × 10 M) in THF/H
2
O at f
w
= 95%, λex = 360 nm (inserted pictures:
3
+
13
the photograph of SB-TPE solution with or without Y ).
ArH). C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO) δ: 167.37, 164.42, 159.46, 148.76,
1
1
43.71, 143.45, 140.80, 140.06, 136.58, 134.97, 134.75, 132.59,
31.22, 131.18, 131.12, 130.20, 128.42, 128.36, 128.30, 128.01,
o-substituted diphenylphosphinic amide ligands with complexation
abilities for Zn2 , Cu and Y [34]. These literature surveys suggested,
+
2+
3+
127.13, 126.99, 126.35, 122.34, 119.31, 116.64. MALDI-TOF-MS
+
3
+
(C34H25NO ) Calcd. for m/z = 495.18, found: m/z = 495.108 (M ).
no high selective “turn-on” fluorescence probe for
long-wavelength fluorescence in aqueous media was reported up to
date. In this work, based on design and synthesis of a Schiff-base bridged
m-aminobenzoic acid-decorating tetraphenylethylene, we wish to report
Y
with
3
Anal.calcd for C34
3
H25NO : C 82.40, H 5.08, N 2.83; found C 82.37, H
5
.11, N 2.77.
3
+
the first “turn-on” far-red fluorescence sensor for Y with high selective
sensing ability in aqueous media, which was further applied in detection
2.3. MTT assay
3
+
of Y and bio-imaging of live cells.
Methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) trials were applied to
investigate the toxicity for MCF-7 cancer cells. The inoculated MCF-7
◦
2
. Experimental
cancer cells were fostered at 37 C for 24 h under 5% CO
2
. The sam-
ꢀ 5
ple of SB-TPE (1.0 × 10 M) was then tracked in the cells after incu-
bating for 24 h. The cultivated cells were washed by PBS buffer, and
continue cultivating in 0.5 mg/mL MTT-PBS buffer for 3 h. Finally, 100
2
.1. General
All chemical reagents were bought from commercial suppliers and
μ
L of DMSO was used to dissolve the generated Formazan crystals,
used directly. TLC detection was carried out on pre-coated glass plates.
Column chromatography was used for purification produces with silica
which was further detected by the absorption at 490 nm.
gel (200–300 mesh). NMR spectra were examined in CDCl
3
on a Bruker-
2.4. The experiment of living cell imaging
◦
ARX 400 instrument at 25 C. MS analyses were carried out on a Bruker
mass spectrometer. The UV–Vis spectra were checked on a Varian
UV–Vis spectrometer. The fluorescence spectra were investigated on a
SB-TPE (3.0 mg) was dissolved in DMSO (1 mL), which was further
ꢀ 5
treated with PBS buffer (pH = 7.4) to 1.0 × 10 M for imaging test.
MCF-7 cancer cells after cultivation at the same circumstance of MTT
trials were tinted by SB-TPE (1.0 × 10ꢀ 5 M) with 24 h breeding. After
Hitachi F-4500 spectrometer in a conventional quartz cuvette (10 × 10
◦
×
45 mm) at 25 C. An Edinburgh Instrument FLS920 fluorescence
2

S. Jiang et al.
Dyes and Pigments 183 (2020) 108717
Fig. 3. (a) Fluorescence spectra of SB-TPE (1.0 × 10ꢀ 6 M) with different concentrations of Y in THF/H
3+
O at f
2 w
= 95%, λex = 360 nm. (b) The fluorescence
3
+
.
intensities of probe titration with equivalent concentration of Y
3
+
washing by PBS-buffer, the dyed cells were fostered in Y solution (1.0
32,33]. Thus, SB-TPE was designed as target molecule, in which the
carboxylic and Schiff-base group were favourable for not only binding
ꢀ 5
◦
×
10 M) at 37 C for 1 h. The obtained cells were imaged by a confocal
3
+
laser scanning microscope (CLSM, Zeiss LSM 710, Jena, Germany).
Y
but also enhancing the push-pull electron effect of tetraphenyl-
ethylene to achieve the long-wavelength fluorescence. The synthetic
route of SB-TPE was shown in Scheme 1. Briefly, according to the
published procedures [35,36], tetraphenylethylene derivatives 3 and 4
were prepared in yields of 32% and 46%, respectively. Target SB-TPE
was obtained by Schiff-base condensation of compound 4 with m-ami-
nobenzoic acid in yield of 89% after purification of recrystallization. The
structure of SB-TPE was confirmed by 1H and C NMR spectra,
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis (see SI). All
characterization data were well in accordance with its structure. For
3
. Results and discussion
3
.1. Synthesis and characterization
In order to obtain the fluorescence probe in aqueous media, tetra-
13
phenylethylene, which was a star molecule with strong AIE effect in
poor solvent [37–41], was used to construct the target probe. On the
–
–
–
–
O group
other hand, it had been reported that the C
N group and C
contributed to binding Y3 based on their synergetic complexation [1,2,
+
–
example, three single peaks of COOH, N
–
CH, and OH appeared at
3

S. Jiang et al.
Dyes and Pigments 183 (2020) 108717
groups. SB-TPE emitted the red fluorescence with the Stokes shift of 215
nm. This far-red emission and large Stokes shift were also greatly
favourable for biological fluorescent probe [30].
3
.3. The sensor for metallic ions
The studying of sensing selectivity and sensitivity is of great signif-
icance. Therefore, the detecting abilities of SB-TPE for different metal
ions in THF/H
2
O at f
w
= 95% were studied by fluorescence spectros-
3
+
+
+
+
+
2+
2+
2+
2+
copy. Series of metal ions (nitrates of Y , Li , Na , K , Cs , Mg , Ca
,
,
2
+
+
2+
3+
3+
3+
3+
3+
2+
2+
2+
2+
2+
+
Sr , Ba , Al , Fe , Co , Ni , Cu , Zn , Cd , Ag , Hg , Mn
2
3+
3+
Pb , Ce , La , Eu , Sc and Pr ) were added into the solution of
SB-TPE to investigate the fluorescence change. As can be seen in Fig. 2,
compared with the fluorescence of SB-TPE with no metal ion, the
fluorescence intensities of SB-TPE after adding various cations fluctu-
ated in small ranges except Y3 . The changes could not be distinguished
+
by naked eyes. However, it could be observed that the fluorescence
3
+
emission at 575 nm enhanced significantly by about 2.7 times after Y
ꢀ
6
3+
Fig. 4. Fluorescence changes of SB-TPE (1 × 10 M) with Y in presence of
was added in the solution of SB-TPE. The enhanced fluorescence could
be seen obviously by naked eyes as shown in the inserted picture in
Fig. 2. These results certainly supported that SB-TPE possessed the se-
ꢀ 6
the other metal ions (1 × 10 M, each) in THF/H
2
O with f
w
3+
= 95%, I and I
o
3
+
were the fluorescence intensity of SB-TPE with Y or with Y and other metal
ion, respectively.
lective sensing abilities for Y3 among all these tested cations by the
+
“
turn-on” fluorescence phenomenon.
3
.4. Titration of sensing Y3
+
The detailed sensing behavior of SB-TPE for Y3 was studied by
fluorescence titration in THF/H O at f
= 95% with λex = 360 nm. As
shown in Fig. 3(a), the fluorescence intensities increased gradually with
+
2
w
3
+
the increase of equivalent concentration of Y . The rapid increase
occurred when the equivalent concentration of Y3 was smaller than
+
1
.0, and the slow increase appeared as the equivalent concentration
bigger than 1.0. These results suggested the inflection point for titration
was 1.0 of equivalent concentration, indicating the 1:1 of stoichiometric
ratio for SB-TPE with Y3 . Furthermore, the corresponding plot of
+
3
+
fluorescence intensities versus equivalent concentrations of Y was
exhibited in Fig. 3 (b). One can see that the fluorescence intensities of
SB-TPE displayed a good linear relationship with the equivalent con-
centration of Y3 in the range of 0.0–1.0. According to the formula of
detection limit DL = K × Sb1/S (where K = 2 or 3, here the value was set
as 2, Sb1 was the standard deviation of the blank solution, S was the
+
ꢀ
6
Fig. 5. The pH influence on the fluorescence intensities of SB-TPE (1 × 10
3
+
3
+
ꢀ 6
value of the slope of the regression line), the detection limit of Y was
M) with or without Y (1 × 10 M) in THF/H
2
O with f
w
= 95%, λex =
ꢀ 7
calculated as 2.23 × 10 M. By compared with the reported detection
limit and selectivity in literatures (Table S1) [1,2,33,42,43], this
detection limit was low and the selectivity was good, indicating the
3
60 nm.
1
3.09 ppm, 12.83 ppm and 8.84 ppm, respectively, which indicated the
excellent application prospect of sensing trace Y3
+
.
stable trans-structure of the Schiff-base group as shown in Scheme 1.
3
.5. Interference experiments and pH influences
3
.2. AIE properties
3
+
In order to further explore sensing selectivity of SB-TPE for Y , the
interference experiments for sensing Y3 were investigated in presence
+
2
Firstly, the AIE property of SB-TPE was studied in THF/H O system.
As shown in Fig. 1, SB-TPE has little fluorescence in pure THF solution.
With the increase of H O content (f ) in THF/H O mixture, the fluo-
rescence maintained faintly when f < 70% but enhanced dramatically
when f > 70%. The fluorescence intensity at 590 nm reached the
maximum value when f
= 95%, which increased by 81 times in com-
parison with that in pure THF solution. The fluorescence quantum yields
of SB-TPE in pure THF solution and THF-H O with 95% were deter-
of other metal ions. The results were shown in Fig. 4. It can been seen
2
w
2
that these values of I/I
o
were near 1.0, suggesting that the fluorescence
3
+
w
intensities of SB-TPE for Y
changed a little in presence of other
w
interference metal ions. These results meant the excellent sensing
selectivity of SB-TPE for Y3 . The pH influences on fluorescence sensing
were also explored as shown in Fig. 5. It was found that the fluorescence
remained stable between pH = 4–8. When the pH > 8, the fluorescence
intensity decreased rapidly, which could be ascribed to that, in the so-
lution of high pH values, the carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl of SB-TPE
were easily deprotonated, resulting in the good water solubility and low
fluorescence finally. SB-TPE was treated at different pH and then
neutralized to pH = 7, which was further examined by the UV absorp-
tion spectra. The results suggested that the absorption peaks showed no
obvious change (Fig. S9), indicating the good stability of SB-TPE at
different pH. The stable fluorescence in pH = 4–8 were favourable for
+
w
2
mined as 0.4% and 25.6%, respectively. These results certainly sup-
ported the strong AIE effect for SB-TPE. On the other hand, the
fluorescence emission of SB-TPE appeared at 550–670 nm in the far-red
region, which showed obvious red shift than that of normal TPE de-
rivatives at 450–550 nm. This phenomenon could be attributed to the
effect of the large conjugated effect associated with the Schiff-base
bridge and the push-pull electron effect of electron-donating abilities
of the hydroxyl group and the electron-withdrawing abilities of carboxyl
4

S. Jiang et al.
Dyes and Pigments 183 (2020) 108717
1
3+
3+
Fig. 6. The contrast H NMR spectra of SB-TPE and SB-TPE with Y ; Inserted: The proposed sensing mechanism of SB-TPE with Y
.
appeared at the fSB-TPE = 0.5, suggesting the 1:1 stoichiometric ratio for
3
+
SB-TPE with Y . The complexation MS spectrum of SB-TPE with excess
3
+
Y
(5 eq.) displayed only the binding peak at 582.915 (Fig. S11), which
3
+
+
was in accordance with the molecular weight of (M + Y -2H) , indi-
cating the 1: 1 stoichiometry ratio again.
1
The FT-IR and H NMR spectrum were also used to investigate the
sensing mechanism of SB-TPE with Y3 . As shown in Fig. S5, by
+
comparing with the FT-IR spectrum of SB-TPE, the FT-IR spectrum of
SB-TPE with Y3
+
exhibited obvious shifts for the peaks of C–
O and OH
functional groups, implying that the carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl
–
3
+
1
group took part in the sensing Y . The comparison of H NMR spectra of
3
+
SB-TPE and SB-TPE + Y (1:1) showed that the proton signals of COOH
and OH groups disappeared or weakened dramatically and the signal of
–
–
HC
–
N exhibited some shift, indicating the COOH, OH and C
–
N groups
3
+
3+
were involved in sensing Y (Fig. 6). The other ions such as Sc
exhibited little change after complexation (Fig. S8). Thus, based on the
above results, the possible sensing mechanism was proposed as Fig. 6.
Table 1
3
+
Recovery results of Y in actual water samples.
Sample
Found
Added
M)
Total found
M)
Recovery
(%)
Std Dev
(%)
(
μ
(
μ
Fig. 7. (A) The LUMO and HOMO of Bis-TPE; (B) The LUMO and HOMO of
3
+
Tap water
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
0.91
1.98
2.92
0.99
1.91
2.89
0.93
1.88
2.91
91.0
99.0
97.3
99.0
95.5
96.3
93.0
94.0
97.0
1.6
2.0
3.5
2.2
3.1
1.7
2.1
2.9
3.6
Bis-TPE with Y
.
normal environment and in vivo detection.
River
water
.6. Stoichiometry and mechanism for sensing Y3
+
3
Lake
water
The stoichiometric ratio of SB-TPE with Y3 was studied by the Job’s
+
plots as displayed in Fig. S4. It can be seen that the inflection point
3
+
+
+
+
2+
+
2+
2+
Fig. 8. Fluorescence photographs of SB-TPE with corresponding ion under UV light (365 nm). 1 = Y , 2 = Li , 3 = Na , 4 = K , 5 = Cs , 6 = Mg , 7 = Ca , 8 =
2
+
2+
3+
3+
2+
2+
2+
2+
2+
+
2+
2+
3+
3+
,
Sr , 9 = Ba , 10 = Al , 11 = Fe , 12 = Co , 13 = Ni , 14 = Cu , 15 = Zn , 16 = Cd , 17 = Ag , 18 = Hg , 19 = Mn , 20 = Pb , 21 = Ce , 22 = La
3
+
3+
3+
2
3 = Eu , 24 = Sc and 25 = Pr
.
5

S. Jiang et al.
Dyes and Pigments 183 (2020) 108717
Fig. 9. Confocal fluorescence images of MCF-7 cells treated by SB-TPE (1.0 × 10 M) with or without Y3+. (A)–(C) MCF-7 cells; (D)–(F) MCF-7 cells with SB-TPE;
ꢀ 5
3
+
(
G)–(I) MCF-7 cells with SB-TPE and Y ; Left images meant bright field images, middle images meant fluorescence images, and right images meant the merged
images of fluorescence and bright field (λex = 405 nm). The same scale bar for all images (as enlarged for image H).
The HOMO and LUMO orbits before and after sensing Y3 were calcu-
+
actual environment, the samples of tap water, river water, and lake
3
+
lated by Gaussian 09. As shown in Fig. 7, the energy gap after sensing
water with different amounts of Y were prepared and then examined
3
+
3+
Y
was smaller than that before sensing, which was consistent with the
by fluorescence spectra. The Y contents were calculated by standard
3
+
fluorescence enhancement after sensing Y
.7. Application in test paper
Test paper was usually used to evaluate in practical application.
.
working curve and compared with the original concentrations as sum-
marized in Table 1. It can be seen that the Y3 concentration detected by
SB-TPE in different water samples was close to the original concentra-
tions with the small errors (<4%). These results indicated the excellent
+
3
application prospect for detecting Y3 in actual water environments.
+
Therefore, the test paper with SB-TPE was prepared by soaking a neutral
filter paper in a solution of 0.1 mM SB-TPE in THF solution for 5 min.
After evaporating to dryness at room temperature, the test paper was cut
into circular sections for later use. Then, five drops of a solution con-
3.9. Application in living cell imaging
The living cell imaging of fluorescent probe had been used as a good
method to evaluate the real application of sensing examination, exhib-
iting the broad application prospects. A confocal laser scanning micro-
3
+
+
+
+
+
2+
2+
2+
2+
taining 0.1 mM metal ions (Y , Li , Na , K , Cs , Mg , Ca , Sr
,
,
2
+
3+
3+
2+
2+
2+
2+
2+
+
2+
2+
Ba , Al , Fe , Co , Ni , Cu , Zn , Cd , Ag , Hg , Mn , Pb
3
+
3+
3+
3+
3+
Ce , La , Eu , Sc and Pr ) were added to tested paper, respec-
scope (CLSM) was employed to study the application of SB-TPE to detect
3
+
3+
tively. As shown in Fig. 8, only tested paper containing Y exhibited the
Y
in living cells. The metabolic activity of MCF-7 cells was obtained by
noticeable color change from pale red to bright red, indicating the good
MTT analysis. The average IC50 values of MCF-7 cells in 24 h and 48 h
were 95.1 and 46.6 M, respectively (Fig. S6). These results indicated
practical application for sensing Y3
+
.
μ
the lower biological toxicity of SB-TPE. Further, SB-TPE was added to
.8. Application for sensing Y3 in water sample
+
MCF-7 cells in a cultural medium, and then incubated at 37 C for 1 h in
◦
3
an incubator to fix MCF-7 cells. Fluorescence imaging was examined at
In order to evaluate the application of SB-TPE for sensing Y3 in the
+
λ
ex = 405 nm. The weak red fluorescence image was observed as shown
6

S. Jiang et al.
Dyes and Pigments 183 (2020) 108717
in Fig. 9. With the addition of Y3 in the cultural medium, the red
+
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had good living cell imaging performance and sensing ability for Y3 in
+
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4
. Conclusion
[
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CRediT authorship contribution statement
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Shengjie Jiang: Investigation. Shibing Chen: Investigation, Formal
analysis. Hongyu Guo: Formal analysis. Fafu Yang: Writing - original
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Declaration of competing interest
21] Jiang SJ, Chen SB, Wang ZC, Guo HY, Yang FF. First fluorescence sensor for
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simultaneously detecting three kinds of IIB elements (Zn , Cd and Hg ) based
on aggregation-induced emission. Sensor Actuator B 2020;308:127734.
The authors declared that there is no Conflict of Interest for this
3
+
paper entitled “Turn-on near-infrared fluorescence sensor for Y based
on Schiff-based tetraphenylethylene (Authors: Shengjie Jiang, Shibing
Chen, Hongyu Guo, and Fafu Yang)”, which was submitted to Dyes and
Pigments.
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large Stoke shift: novel pH probe exhibiting application in CO detection and
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luminescence modulation and sensing performance. Dyes Pigments 2020;172:
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Acknowledgment
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controlled release by using a built-in functionalized nanocluster with theranostic
features. I Med Chem 2016;59:410–8.
Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of
China (No: 21406036), Fujian Science and Technology Project (No.
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functions. Chem Rev 2009;109:5799–867.
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019N0010), Fuzhou science and technology project (2018-G-44) were
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induced emission active luminescent polymeric nanoparticles: non-covalent
fabrication methodologies and biomedical applications. Appl Mater Today 2017;9:
greatly acknowledged.
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