Paper
RSC Advances
Table
1
Determination of Fꢀ concentration (mM) in real-water
No. Fꢀ added (mM) Fꢀ determined (mM) Recovery (%)
and Development Projects of Shanxi Province (201703D321015-
2), the Youth Science Foundation of Shanxi Province
(201701D221064), the Startup Foundation for Doctors of Shanxi
Medical University (03201601), and the National Students'
Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program
(201810114012).
samplesa
Sample
Tap water
1
2
3
1
2
3
0
NDb
19.11 ꢃ 0.71
25.34 ꢃ 0.21
ND
—
20
25
0
20
25
95.6 ꢃ 3.5
101.4 ꢃ 0.8
—
Yingze Lake
Notes and references
21.40 ꢃ 0.65
107.0 ꢃ 3.3
24.38 ꢃ 1.07
97.5 ꢃ 4.3
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a
Mean of three determinations ꢃ standard deviation. b Not detectable.
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Table 2 Determination of Fꢀ content in toothpaste samplesa
Sample
Brand
Fꢀ content (marked)
Fꢀ content (detected)
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1
2
3
Jiajieshi
Heiren
Fangxianzi
0.11%
0.10%
0
0.12% ꢃ 0.01%
0.09% ꢃ 0.02%
NDb
a
Mean of three determinations ꢃ standard deviation. b Not detectable.
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determining Fꢀ in real-water samples. Encouraged by the assay
results in water samples, we further analyze Fꢀ contents in
commercially available toothpaste samples with probe 1. The
results (Fig. S10C† and Table 2) show that the Fꢀ contents
determined by our method accord well with those marked on
the labels of toothpaste, and no signicant difference is found
at the 95% condence level.
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Conclusions
In summary, we have developed a highly sensitive and selective
uorescent probe for Fꢀ by incorporating the dimethylphos-
phinothionyl group as a recognition moiety into the uo-
rophore of coumarin. The probe exhibits an intense
uorescence off–on response to Fꢀ via the uoride-triggered
cleavage of the dimethylphosphinothionyl group, followed by
the release of uorophore. Compared with the existing uo-
rescent probes for Fꢀ detection, probe 1 displays higher sensi-
tivity even in aqueous environment (Table S1†). The probe has
been applied to determine Fꢀ in real-water samples and
commercially available toothpaste samples, and the results are
satisfying. The simplicity and excellent performance of probe 1
make it useful in detecting Fꢀ in more real-samples.
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¨
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¨
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Conflicts of interest
There are no conicts to declare.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful for the nancial support from the NSF of China
(No. 21705104), the Youth Top Talent Plans of Shanxi Province, 24 Y. Zhou, M. M. Liu, J. Y. Li, M. A. Ye and C. Yao, Dyes
the Scientic and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Pigments, 2018, 158, 277.
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RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 32308–32312 | 32311