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| CAS No.: | 78-11-5 |
|---|---|
| Name: | Pentaerythritol tetranitrate |
| Molecular Structure: | |
|
|
|
| Formula: | C5H8N4O12 |
| Molecular Weight: | 316.138 |
| Synonyms: | 1,3-Propanediol,2,2-bis[(nitrooxy)methyl]-, dinitrate (ester) (9CI);Pentaerythritol,tetranitrate (6CI,8CI);2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol tetranitrate;Angicap;Angitet;Antora;Arcotrate;Baritrate;C 2 (explosive);CHot;Cardiacap;Deltrate 20;Dilcoran 80;Dipentrate;Duotrate;Erinit;Extex;Hasethrol;Kaytrate;LX 02-1;LX 08-0;LX 13;LX 16;LX 16 (explosive);Lentrat;Martrate 45;Mycardol;Neo-Corovas;Niperyt;Nitrin;Nitrine;Nitrolong;Nitropent;Nitropenta 7W;Nitropentaerythritol;Nitrotalans;PETN;Pencard;Pentaerithrityl tetranitrate;Pentafilin;Pentanitrine; |
| EINECS: | 201-084-3 |
| Density: | 1.684 g/cm3 |
| Melting Point: | 140° |
| Boiling Point: | 426.7 °C at 760 mmHg |
| Flash Point: | 198.8 °C |
| Solubility: | 2mg/L(temperature not stated) |
| Appearance: | white crystalline powder |
| Hazard Symbols: |
 E
|
| Risk Codes: | 3 |
| Safety: | 35 |
| PSA: | 220.20000 |
| LogP: | 0.89880 |
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| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With carbon dioxide; dinitrogen pentoxide at 0℃; under 45004.5 - 60006 Torr; for 0.5h; Autoclave; | 94% |
| With potassium fluoride; nitrylfluoride In acetonitrile at -30 - -20℃; | 87.4% |
| With nitric acid at -10 - -5℃; | 44% |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With sulfuric acid; nitric acid; urea at 0 - 10℃; for 2h; Nitration; | A n/a B 35% |
- 115-77-5
Pentaerythritol
A
- 74999-16-9
1,2-bis-nitryloxy-3-(2-nitryloxy-ethoxy)-propane
B
- 78-11-5
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With air; sulfuric acid; water; nitric acid |
- 74999-16-9
1,2-bis-nitryloxy-3-(2-nitryloxy-ethoxy)-propane
- 76-02-8
Trichloroacetyl chloride
- 78-11-5
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With nitric acid Yield given; |
- 74999-16-9
1,2-bis-nitryloxy-3-(2-nitryloxy-ethoxy)-propane
- 7664-93-9
sulfuric acid
- 78-11-5
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate
- 78-11-5
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate
- 121-47-1
3-aminobenzenesulfonic acid
A
- 1607-17-6
pentrinitrol
B
- 109985-28-6
dipotassium salt of N-nitrometanilic acid
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With potassium hydroxide In water; acetone at 60℃; for 0.5h; | A n/a B 85% |
- 78-11-5
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate
- 121-47-1
3-aminobenzenesulfonic acid
A
- 1607-17-6
pentrinitrol
B
- 109985-30-0
dicesium salt of N-nitrometanilic acid
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With cesium hydroxide In water; acetone at 60℃; for 0.5h; | A n/a B 85% |
- 78-11-5
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate
- 121-47-1
3-aminobenzenesulfonic acid
A
- 1607-17-6
pentrinitrol
B
- 109985-29-7
dirubidium salt of N-nitrometanilic acid
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With rubidium hydroxide In water; acetone at 60℃; for 0.5h; | A n/a B 85% |
- 78-11-5
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate
- 121-57-3
4-aminobenzene sulfonic acid
A
- 1607-17-6
pentrinitrol
B
- 109985-32-2
dipotassium salt of N-nitrosulfanilic acid
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With potassium hydroxide In 1,4-dioxane; water at 90℃; for 0.5h; | A n/a B 85% |
- Total:8 Page 1 of 1 1
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Chemistry
Molar mass: 316.137 g/mol
Structure:
Density: 1.77 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Melting point: 141.3 °C, 414 K, 286 °F
Othwe names: PETN, corpent, pentrite, nitropenta, pentrit
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (78-11-5) is an extremely sensitive high explosive. It is one of the most powerful high explosives known, with a relative effectiveness factor (R.E. factor) of 1.66.
History
In 1912, after being patented by the German government, the production of PETN started. Pentaerythritol tetranitrate(78-11-5 ) was used by the German army in World War I. PETN is also one of the ingredients in Semtex plastic explosive. PETN was the explosive chosen by Richard Reid for his plot to blow up the Boeing 767 he was traveling in from Paris to Miami. He was stopped just in time however.
Uses
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (78-11-5) is used in making detonating fuses and commercial blasting caps, and also has a medicinal use.
1. The most obvious use of PETN is as an explosive. It is more sensitive to shock or friction than TNT or tetryl, and it is never used alone as a booster. It is primarily used in booster and bursting charges of small caliber ammunition, in upper charges of detonators in some land mines and shells, and as the explosive core of detonation cord.
2. Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (78-11-5) is used as a vasodilator, similar to nitroglycerin. A medicine for heart disease, Lentonitrat, is nearly pure PETN.
Production
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (78-11-5) is made by the nitration of pentaerythritol with strong (96%) nitric acid at about 50 °C.
C(CH2OH)4 + 4HNO3 → C(CH2ONO2)4 + 4H2O
Toxicity Data With Reference
| 1. | orl-man TDLo:1669 mg/kg/8Y-C:SKN | BJDEAZ British Journal of Dermatology. 87 (1972),498. | ||
| 2. | orl-mus LDLo:7 g/kg | FRZKAP Farmatsevtichnii Zhurnal (Kiev). 16 (2)(1961),63. |
Safety Profile
Hazard Codes:
E Risk Statements: 3: Extreme risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition.
Safety Statements: 35: This material and its container must be disposed of in a safe way.
RIDADR: 0473
HazardClass: 1.1A
PackingGroup: II