Refernces
10.1021/cs400019u
The research describes a highly enantioselective synthesis of multifunctionalized dihydrofurans, which are important molecular skeletons in biologically active compounds and complex molecule construction. The study presents a copper-catalyzed asymmetric [4+1] cycloaddition of α-benzylidene-β-ketoester with diazo compounds, achieving chiral tetrasubstituted 2,3-dihydrofuran derivatives with high yields (up to 96%) and excellent stereoselectivity (up to 99/1 dr and 96% ee). Key chemicals used in the process include α-benzylidene-β-ketoester, diazo compounds, and copper salts as catalysts, along with various ligands such as bisoxazolines. The researchers also proposed a stereoinductive model to account for the observed enantioselectivity, which involves the formation of copper carbene and metal-associated carbonyl ylide intermediates, leading to the 1,5-cyclization. The developed methodology and rational stereoinductive model contribute to the understanding of Cu(I)/side-armed BOX-catalyzed reactions and provide insights for the design of new ligands to control selectivities in related asymmetric reactions.
10.1016/S0040-4020(01)81729-4
The research investigates the reaction of nitroalkanes with electrophilic alkenes, specifically α,β-unsaturated ketones and α,β-unsaturated nitro compounds, in the presence of alumina-supported potassium fluoride in acetonitrile. The study found that secondary nitroalkanes react with α,β-unsaturated ketones to produce 4,5-dihydrofurans in high yields, while 1-nitropropane reacts with these ketones to yield a mixture of 4,5-dihydrofurans and furans. Additionally, nitroalkenes react with nitroalkanes to form isoxazoline N-oxides. The alumina-supported potassium fluoride acts as an effective catalyst for these reactions, facilitating the formation of the desired products. The study also explores the reaction mechanisms and provides detailed structural analysis of the synthesized compounds using techniques like 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.
10.1021/ol071083s
The study presents a novel synthetic route to 1-oxo-5-hydroxytryptamine (1-OT), a benzofuran analogue of serotonin (5-HT), using p-benzoquinone and 2,3-dihydrofuran in a [3+2] cycloaddition followed by a Lewis acid-catalyzed isomerization. The research investigates the role of the indolic proton in serotonin's activation of the 5-HT3 receptor, revealing that 1-OT acts as a competent agonist with an EC50 value nearly identical to serotonin, indicating that the indole nitrogen's hydrogen bond is not essential for receptor activation. This finding suggests that the binding site of the 5-HT3 receptor may not require a hydrogen bond from the indole nitrogen of serotonin, and the new synthetic route allows for the production of 1-OT derivatives to further explore 5-HT receptor binding sites.
10.1002/asia.201200140
The research focuses on the development of a phosphine-catalyzed domino reaction for the synthesis of conjugated 2,3-dihydrofurans from allenoates and Nazarov reagents. This method represents an efficient approach to construct highly functionalized conjugated 2,3-dihydrofuran skeletons, which are important in chemical and biological research. The study involves a series of experiments where various allenoates and Nazarov reagents are reacted in the presence of a phosphine catalyst, PPh3, using ethanol as the solvent. The reaction conditions were optimized to achieve high yields, with the best results obtained under reflux conditions. The structure and stereochemistry of the products were confirmed using NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and single-crystal X-ray analysis. Additionally, the role of the solvent was probed through experiments in deuterated solvents, and the reaction mechanism was proposed based on experimental results and supported by DFT calculations. The study demonstrates the broad scope of the reaction with respect to the substrates' steric and electronic properties and provides a new synthetic method for constructing biologically active molecules with high atom efficiency.
10.1016/j.bmc.2009.01.041
The research focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and biological activity of 33 ring-substituted 6-benzylamino-9-tetrahydropyran-2-ylpurine (THPP) and 9-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylpurine (THFP) derivatives, aiming to enhance the specific biological functions of cytokinins used in plant micropropagation. The derivatives were prepared by condensing 6-chloropurine with 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran or 2,3-dihydrofuran, followed by condensation with corresponding benzylamines. The compounds were characterized using elemental analyses, TLC, HPLC, melting point determinations, CI+ MS, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The cytokinin activity was assessed through three bioassays: tobacco callus, wheat leaf senescence, and Amaranthus bioassay. Additionally, the susceptibility to enzyme degradation by cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase was studied, and the cytotoxicity against human cell lines was evaluated. The stability of selected compounds was also assessed at various pH levels using HPLC.