10.1016/j.dyepig.2013.12.025
In this research, the main focus was on the development and characterization of four novel carbazole-based organic dyes for use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The dyes, containing either a furan or thiophene moiety, were designed with the aim of improving the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs. The synthesis involved the use of reactants such as 3,6-diiodo-9H-carbazole, various alkyl halides, and boronic acids, and included Suzuki cross-coupling and Knoevenagel condensation reactions to attach the donor, linker, and acceptor groups to the carbazole core. The characterization of these dyes was performed using NMR and mass spectrometry to confirm their structures, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy to determine their absorption properties, and cyclic voltammetry to evaluate their electrochemical behavior. The photovoltaic performance of the DSSCs sensitized by these dyes was assessed through measurements of short-circuit current density (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF), and overall conversion efficiency (η) under standard AM 1.5 solar light conditions, with comparisons made to a ruthenium complex dye N719.
10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104373
The study focuses on the synthesis and evaluation of a series of novel 2-substituted quinoline-4-carboxylic acids derived from phenolic aldehydes, which were designed to target human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH), an enzyme crucial for cancer cell proliferation. These compounds were tested for their inhibitory activity against hDHODH, cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines (MCF-7, A549, A375), and a normal cell line (HaCaT), as well as their lipophilicity. The purpose of these chemicals was to serve as potential chemotherapeutic agents, with the aim of developing new drugs that can inhibit hDHODH, thereby disrupting pyrimidine biosynthesis and hindering cancer cell growth. The study also included molecular docking studies to understand the structural differences that contribute to the varying levels of activity among the synthesized compounds.
10.1021/jo702075r
The research focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and application of pyrene-modified carbazole oligomers in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The purpose of the study was to create a series of monodisperse, ethynylene-linked oligocarbazoles with zigzag molecular backbones, which were designed to have stable, size-independent absorption and emission properties. The researchers aimed to investigate the impact of pyrene incorporation at different positions within the oligocarbazole main chain on the absorption and emission spectra, as well as to evaluate the optoelectronic performance of these materials in OLEDs. The conclusions drawn from the study indicated that the introduction of pyrene units effectively tuned the emission wavelengths and significantly improved the fluorescence quantum efficiency of the oligomers. Carbazole oligomers without pyrene were found to be suitable as hole-transporting materials, while pyrene-modified oligomers exhibited both light-emitting and hole-transporting properties, making them promising materials for OLED applications. Key chemicals used in the synthesis process included 3-iodo-9H-carbazole, 1-ethynylpyrene, 1,8-diethynylpyrene, and various other intermediates derived from carbazole, as well as palladium and copper catalysts for the Sonogashira coupling reactions that formed the ethynylene linkages.
10.1021/jo9002536
The research explores the synthesis of carbazoles using rhodium(II) catalysis. The purpose of this study is to develop an efficient and versatile method for synthesizing carbazoles, which are important heterocyclic compounds with applications in pharmaceuticals and materials science. The key chemicals used in this research include various biaryl azides as starting materials, rhodium(II) complexes such as Rh2(O2CC3F7)4 and Rh2(O2CC7H15)4 as catalysts, and molecular sieves to enhance reaction efficiency. The study concludes that the Rh2(II)-catalyzed method provides a straightforward route to carbazoles with good yields and regioselectivity. The researchers optimized reaction conditions, including temperature, solvent, and catalyst loading, to achieve high efficiency. They also explored the scope of the method by synthesizing a range of carbazoles with different substituents, demonstrating the versatility of the approach. The findings suggest that this method could be a valuable addition to the toolkit for carbazole synthesis, particularly for the preparation of complex carbazole derivatives.
10.1002/chem.201502661
The study focuses on the photochemical synthesis of complex carbazoles, which are important in pharmaceuticals and materials science, by examining the effects of electronic properties in both UV- and visible-light-mediated reactions under continuous-flow conditions. The researchers used various triarylamines with differing electronic properties, including electron-rich and electron-poor substituents, as well as nitrogen-based heterocycles and halogen-containing arenes. These chemicals served as precursors in the synthesis of carbazoles, and their electronic properties influenced the reaction yields and regiochemical preferences. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of photochemical methods for carbazole synthesis and to explore the complementary nature of UV-light and visible-light (photoredox) methods in preparing complex heterocycles. The study also aimed to understand the impact of different substituents on the reaction outcomes, which could inform the development of more efficient synthetic strategies for carbazoles.
10.1039/c0dt00029a
The research focuses on the structural studies of push-pull N-arylbenzazoles, which are a series of compounds with a benzazole core and an N-aryl group bearing a strong electron-withdrawing group in the 2-position of the N-aryl ring. The purpose of the study was to analyze the X-ray crystal structures and calculated structures of these compounds to understand how they cope with the competing influences of push-pull conjugation and steric hindrance. The chemicals used in the process included carbazoles, indoles, benzimidazoles, and indazoles, with electron-withdrawing groups such as carbomethoxy and nitro groups, and various solvents and reagents for synthesis and analysis, such as formic acid, anhydrous potassium carbonate, and DMF.
10.1002/jhet.5570340327
The research aims to explore the chlorination of carbazole and its derivatives to synthesize and isolate various chlorocarbazoles. N-Chlorobenzotriazole is highlighted for its efficiency in chlorination reactions. When used in dichloromethane, it provides high yields of specific chlorocarbazoles. N-Chlorosuccinimide is another key chlorinating agent used in the study. It is employed both in glacial acetic acid and in combination with silica gel in dichloromethane. The study shows that N-chlorosuccinimide in glacial acetic acid provides 1,6-dichlorocarbazole (1c) with a yield of 62%, which is significantly higher than previously reported yields. Both reagents are compared in terms of their efficiency and selectivity. N-chlorobenzotriazole is found to be more selective and efficient for higher chlorinated derivatives, while N-chlorosuccinimide is effective for the formation of 1,6-dichlorocarbazole. The study concludes that both reagents are valuable tools for the chlorination of carbazoles, with their specific advantages depending on the desired chlorocarbazole product and reaction conditions.
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