Perchlorate

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Perchlorate
• CAS No.: 14797-73-0
• Deprecated CAS: 60349-26-0,181259-57-4,308833-11-6,352452-47-2,464154-30-1,181259-57-4
• Molecular Formula: ClO4
• Molecular Weight: 99.4506
• European Community (EC) Number: 623-712-9
• UN Number: 1481
• UNII: VLA4NZX2P4
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID6024252
• Nikkaji Number: J209.483E
• Wikipedia: Perchlorate
• Wikidata: Q407189
• Mol file: 14797-73-0.mol

Synonyms:perchlorate;perchlorate ion

Chemical Property of Perchlorate

Chemical Property:

• Melting Point: 262-263 °C
• Boiling Point: °Cat760mmHg
• Flash Point: °C
• PSA: 71.44000
• Density: g/cm³
• LogP: 0.15630
• XLogP3: 2.2
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
• Rotatable Bond Count: 0
• Exact Mass: 98.9485112
• Heavy Atom Count: 5
• Complexity: 95.8
• Transport DOT Label: Oxidizer

Purity/Quality:

99% ^*data from raw suppliers

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s):  
• Hazard Codes: 

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Useful:

• Canonical SMILES: [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O
• Description: Concern about environmental perchlorate exposure centers on its inhibition of iodide uptake into the thyroid. Decreased iodine intake may decrease thyroid hormone production. In the last few years, perchlorate has become a major inorganic contaminant in drinking water and has been detected in a number of public drinking water systems throughout the Unites States. In 1998, the US EPA added perchlorate to the Drinking Water Candidate Contaminant List.
• Uses: Perchlorate is a soluble oxychloro anion most commonly used as a solid salt in the form of ammonium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, lithium perchlorate, or sodium per- chlorate, all of which are highly soluble. Ammonium perchlorate is the most widely used perchlorate compound. In their pure forms, these salts are white or colorless crystals or powders. Perchlorate salts dissolve in water and readily move from surface to groundwater. Perchlorate is known to originate from both natural and man-made sources. The most common uses for ammonium perchlorate are in explosives, military munitions, and rocket propellants. In addition, perchlorate salts are used in a wide range of nonmilitary applications, including pyrotechnics and fireworks, blasting agents, solid rocket fuel, matches, lubricating oils, nuclear reactors, air bags, and certain types of fertilizers. Improper storage and disposal related to these uses is the most typical route for perchlorate to enter into the environment. Monitoring data show that more than 4% of public water systems, serving between 5 million and 17 million people, have detected perchlorate in their finished water. The primary source of perchlorate is the ammonium salt. Ammonium perchlorate is the oxidizer ingredient in solid propellant mixtures for rockets, missiles, and munitions. Other uses of perchlorate salts include medicine, matches, metal cation chemistry, and pyrotechnics (illuminating and signaling flares, colored and white smoke generators, tracers, incendiary delays, fuses, photo-flash compounds, and fireworks). Perchlorate is also found in lubricating oils, finished leather, fabric fixer, dyes, electroplating, aluminum refining, manufacture of rubber, paint, and enamel production, as an additive in cattle feed and magnesium batteries, and as a component of automobile airbag inflators.

Technology Process of Perchlorate

There total 38 articles about Perchlorate which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield: 90.0%

Sn(tetra-p-tolylporphyrin)(ClO4)2 (122380-54-5) → Sn(tetra-p-tolylporphyrin)(ClO4)(tetrahydrofuran)(1+) + perchlorate(1-) (14797-73-0,1059018-91-5)

Guidance literature:

With THF; In tetrahydrofuran;

DOI:10.1039/DT9890001531

Reference yield:

ammonium chloride → nitrogen trichloride (10025-85-1) + perchlorate(1-) (14797-73-0,1059018-91-5)

Guidance literature:

In water; Electrolysis;

Reference yield:

sodium chlorate → perchlorate(1-) (14797-73-0,1059018-91-5) + ozone (10028-15-6)

Guidance literature:

In water; Electrolysis; influence of chlorate concn.;;

upstream raw materials:

perchloric acid

chloride

Nitrate

nitric acid

Downstream raw materials:

chloride

bromine

clorine

Refernces

BASICITIES AND TRANSFORMATIONS OF PYRYLIUM AND PYRIDINIUM SALTS CONTAINING p-AMINOPHENYL SUBSTITUENTS

10.1007/BF00510097

The study investigates the basicity constants and transformations of pyrylium and pyridinium salts containing p-aminophenyl substituents. The chemicals involved include 2,6-diphenyl-4-(p-aminophenyl)pyrylium perchlorate (I), 2,6-diphenyl-4-(p-aminophenyl)pyridine (II), 2,6-diphenyl-4-(p-aminophenyl)pyridinium perchlorates (IV and V), 4-(p-aminophenyl)flavylium perchlorate (VI), and 2,4,6-triphenylpyridine (VII). The study shows that the positive charge in the pyrylium cation is higher than in the pyridinium cation, as indicated by the basicity constants measured in absolute acetonitrile. The study also examines the reactions of these salts with electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents, revealing that the pyrylium salts readily undergo acetylation and form azomethines with benzaldehyde, while the pyridinium salts show different reactivity patterns. Additionally, the study explores the diazotization of perchlorate I and its subsequent reactions to form various derivatives, highlighting the significant electronic effects of the pyrylium and pyridinium rings on the reactivity of the amino group.