D-Galactose

Base Information

• Chemical Name: D-Galactose
• CAS No.: 59-23-4
• Deprecated CAS: 147-76-2,3812-56-4,400876-94-0,790999-92-7,39665-52-6,3812-56-4,400876-94-0,790999-92-7
• Molecular Formula: C6H12O6
• Molecular Weight: 180.158
• Hs Code.: 29400090
• UNII: X2RN3Q8DNE
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID0023088,DTXSID601014458
• Nikkaji Number: J4.597G
• Wikidata: Q27102217
• Metabolomics Workbench ID: 50779
• Mol file: 59-23-4.mol

Synonyms:Galactose,D- (8CI);(+)-Galactose;D-(+)-Galactose;

Chemical Property of D-Galactose

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: white.
• Vapor Pressure: 2.59E-13mmHg at 25°C
• Melting Point: 168-170°C(lit.)
• Refractive Index: 80 ° (C=10, H2O)
• Boiling Point: 527.1 °C at 760 mmHg
• PKA: pK1:12.35 (25°C)
• Flash Point: 286.7 °C
• PSA: 110.38000
• Density: 1.581 g/cm³
• LogP: -3.22140
• Storage Temp.: Store at RT.
• Solubility.: H2O: 100 mg/mL
• Water Solubility.: Soluble in water.
• XLogP3: -2.9
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 5
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
• Rotatable Bond Count: 5
• Exact Mass: 180.06338810
• Heavy Atom Count: 12
• Complexity: 138

Purity/Quality:

99% ^*data from raw suppliers

GAL ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): Xi
• Hazard Codes: Xi
• Statements: 36/37/38
• Safety Statements: 22-24/25-36/37/39-27-26

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

• Canonical SMILES: C(C(C(C(C(C=O)O)O)O)O)O
• Isomeric SMILES: C([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C=O)O)O)O)O)O
• Description: D-Galactose is a monosaccharide sugar that serves as an energy source and glycosylation component. It is a C-4 epimer of glucose and often used as a source of carbon in culture media. Galactose is a component of the disaccharide lactose and released upon hydrolysis by β-galactosidase enzymes. It is converted to glucose via the Leloir pathway or metabolized via an alternative pathway, such as the DeLey-Doudoroff pathway. D-Galactose is a natural aldohexose and C-4 epimer of glucose. D-galactose is converted enzymatically into D-glucose for metabolism or polysaccharides for storage. Chronic, systemic exposure to D-galactose accelerates senescence in invertebrates and mammals and has been used as a model for aging. In bacteria, D-galactose is imported by a methyl-galactoside transport system to drive chemotaxis.
• Uses: A C-4 epimer of Glucose (G595000) found in milk and sugar beets as well as being synthesized by the body. Potential use in oral therapy for nephrotic syndrome in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. D-Galactose is suitable for use in cell culture systems requiring sugar additives. Galactose is a simple monosaccharide used as a component of the galactosyltransferase labeling buffer. It serves as an energy source and an important constituent of glycolipids and glycoproteins. Since it is a component of antigens, it plays a vital role in the determination of blood type within the ABO blood group system.

Technology Process of D-Galactose

There total 722 articles about D-Galactose which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield:

4-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (3150-24-1) → 4-nitro-phenol (100-02-7,78813-13-5,89830-32-0) + D-Galactose (59-23-4)

Guidance literature:

With water; for 0.333333h; Rate constant; acetate buffer pH 4.5, β-D-galactosidase;

DOI:10.1016/0008-6215(90)80142-P

Reference yield:

cyanidin 3-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-galactopyranoside (142506-19-2) → D-xylose (58-86-6) + cyanidin (13306-05-3) + D-Galactose (59-23-4)

Guidance literature:

With hydrogenchloride; water; at 95 ℃; for 2h;

DOI:10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.03.014

Reference yield:

kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnosyl-(1'''→6'')-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-7-O-β-D-apiofuranoside → D-apiose (639-97-4,6477-44-7,42927-70-8) + L-Rhamnose (3615-41-6,478518-52-4) + D-Galactose (59-23-4)

Guidance literature:

With hydrogenchloride; In 1,4-dioxane; water; at 90 ℃; for 2h;

DOI:10.1080/10286020.2013.823951

upstream raw materials:

D-galactitol

D-galactose-diethyl-dithioacetal

D-galactonic acid methyl ester

O³-(3,6-Anhydro-α-L-galactopyranosyl)-D-galactose

Downstream raw materials:

p-benzosemiquinone radical anion

D-Galactose-dimethyldithioacetal

tetra-O-acetyl-glucopyranosyl bromide

ethyl α-D-galactopyranoside

Refernces

• 1、 Miwa, Mika,Horimoto, Tomohiro,Kiyohara, Masashi,Katayama, Takane,Kitaoka, Motomitsu,Ashida, Hisashi,Yamamoto, Kenji. "Cooperation of β-galactosidase and β-N-acetylhexosaminidase from bifidobacteria in assimilation of human milk oligosaccharides with type 2 structure". . p. 1402 - 1409. Retrieved 2010.
• 2、 Nguyen, Thu-Ha,Splechtna, Barbara,Steinboeck, Marlene,Kneifel, Wolfgang,Lettner, Hans Peter,Kulbe, Klaus D.,Haltrich, Dietmar. "Purification and characterization of two novel β-galactosidases from Lactobacillus reuteri". . p. 4989 - 4998. Retrieved 2006.
• 3、 Nazir, Mamona,Sultan, Misbah,Riaz, Naheed,Hafeez, Maria,Hussain, Hidayat,Ahmed, Ishtiaq,Schulz, Barbara,Draeger, Siegfried,Jabbar, Abdul,Krohn, Karsten,Ashraf, Muhammad,Saleem, Muhammad. "Depsitinuside: A new depside galactoside from an endophytic fungus isolated from Viburnum tinus". . p. 1056 - 1060. Retrieved 2011.
• 4、 Wise,Peterson. "". . p. 362. Retrieved 1930.
• 5、 Lee, Ik-Soo,Jung, Seung-Hyun,Kim, Jin Sook. "Polyphenols from Euphorbia pekinensis Inhibit AGEs Formation in Vitro and Vessel Dilation in Larval Zebrafish in Vivo". . p. 176 - 181. Retrieved 2018.
• 6、 Alaniya,Kavtaradze, N. Sh.,Skhirtladze,Aneli. "Cyclotanoside, a New Cycloartane Glycoside from Flowers of Astragalus tanae". . p. 682 - 686. Retrieved 2017.
• 7、 Sykes,Abbas,Barlow,Matta. "Substrate specificity and other properties of the beta-D-galactosidase from Aspergillus niger.". . p. 127 - 138. Retrieved 1983.
• 8、 Min, Byung Sun,Cuong, To Dao,Lee, Joo-Sang,Woo, Mi Hee,Hung, Tran Manh. "Flavonoids from cleistocalyx operculatus buds and their cytotoxic activity". . p. 2392 - 2394. Retrieved 2010.
• 9、 Ma, Lin,Yu, Ai-Hua,Sun, Li-Li,Gao, Wan,Zhang, Meng-Meng,Su, Ya-Lun,Liu, Hua,Ji, Teng-Fei,Li, Di-Zao. "Two new cucurbitane triterpenoids from the seeds of Momordica charantia". . p. 476 - 482. Retrieved 2014.
• 10、 Tunki, Lakshmi,Kulhari, Hitesh,Vadithe, Lakshma Nayak,Kuncha, Madhusudana,Bhargava, Suresh,Pooja, Deep,Sistla, Ramakrishna. "Modulating the site-specific oral delivery of sorafenib using sugar-grafted nanoparticles for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment". . . Retrieved 2019.