58-86-6Relevant articles and documents
Aqueous ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents for cellulosic biomass pretreatment and saccharification
Xia, Shuqian,Baker, Gary A.,Li, Hao,Ravula, Sudhir,Zhao, Hua
, p. 10586 - 10596 (2014)
Ionic liquids (ILs) have proven effective solvents for pretreating lignocellulose, leading to the fast saccharification of cellulose and hemicellulose. However, the high cost of most ILs remains a major barrier to commercializing this recent approach at a practical scale. As a strategic detour, aqueous solutions of ILs are also being explored as less costly alternatives to neat ILs for cellulose pretreatment. However, limited studies on a few select IL systems are known and there remains no systematic survey of various ILs, eluding an in-depth understanding of pretreatment mechanisms afforded by aqueous IL systems. As a step toward filling this gap, this study presents results for Avicel cellulose pretreatment by neat and aqueous solutions (1.0 and 2.0 M) of 20 different ILs and three deep eutectic solvents, correlating enzymatic hydrolysis rates of pretreated cellulose with various IL properties such as hydrogen-bond basicity, polarity, Hofmeister ranking, and hydrophobicity. The pretreatment efficiencies of neat ILs may be loosely correlated to the hydrogen-bond basicity of the constituent anion and IL polarity; however, the pretreatment efficacies for aqueous ILs are more complicated and cannot be simply related to any single IL property. Several aqueous IL systems have been identified as effective alternatives to neat ILs in lignocellulose pretreatment. In particular, this study reveals that aqueous solutions of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate ([BMIM][MeSO 3]) are effective for pretreating switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), resulting in fast saccharification of both cellulose and hemicellulose. An integrated analysis afforded by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and cellulase adsorption isotherm of lignocellulose samples is further used to deliver a more complete view of the structural changes attending aqueous IL pretreatment.
C30 and C31 Triterpenoids and Triterpene Sugar Esters with Cytotoxic Activities from Edible Mushroom Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw. Ex Fr.) Krast
Peng, Xing-Rong,Su, Hai-Guo,Liu, Jun-Hong,Huang, Yan-Jie,Yang, Xin-Zhi,Li, Zhong-Rong,Zhou, Lin,Qiu, Ming-Hua
, p. 10330 - 10341 (2019)
Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw. Ex Fr.) Krast has been commonly used as a health food source and antitumor agent. To uncover bioactive key composition of F. pinicola, in our study, we investigated the chemical constituents of a methanol extract of F. pinicola and thirty-five lanostane-type tritetpenoids; 13 new compounds (1-13) and twenty-two known analogues (14-35) were isolated. Among them, compounds 1-9 were C30 lanostane triterpenoids and triterpene sugar esters, while compounds 10-13 were C31 triterpenoids and triterpene sugar esters. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by extensive 1D, 2D NMR, MS, and IR spectra. Furthermore, cytotoxic activities of all isolates against five human tumor cell lines (HL-60, A549, SMMC-7721, MCF-7, and SW480) were evaluated. The results showed that compounds 12, 14, 17, 18, 22, and 23 displayed cytotoxic effects against five human tumor cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 3.92-28.51 μM. Meanwhile, compounds 9 and 35 exhibited selected inhibitory activities against HL-60, SMMC-7721, and MCF-7 with IC50 values in the range of 13.57-36.01 μM. Furthermore, the flow cytometry analysis revealed that compounds 17, 22, and 35 induced apoptosis in HL-60 cell lines. Their structure-activity relationships were preliminarily reported. These findings indicate the vital role of triterpenoids and their glycosides in explaining antitumor effects of F. pinicola and provide important evidence for further development and utilization of this fungus.
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Black Liquor Xylan by a Novel Xylose-Tolerant, Thermostable β-Xylosidase from a Tropical Strain of Aureobasidium pullulans CBS 135684
Bankeeree, Wichanee,Akada, Rinji,Lotrakul, Pongtharin,Punnapayak, Hunsa,Prasongsuk, Sehanat
, p. 919 - 934 (2018)
From three cell-associated β-xylosidases produced by Aureobasidium pullulans CBS 135684, the principal enzyme was enriched to apparent homogeneity and found to be active at high temperatures (60–70?°C) over a pH range of 5–9 with a specific activity of 163.3?units (U) mg?1. The enzyme was thermostable, retaining over 80% of its initial activity after a 12-h incubation at 60?°C, with half-lives of 38, 22, and 10?h at 60, 65, and 70?°C, respectively. Moreover, it was tolerant to xylose inhibition with a Ki value of 18?mM. The Km and Vmax values against p-nitrophenyl-β-d-xylopyranoside were 5.57?±?0.27?mM and 137.0?±?4.8?μmol?min?1?mg?1 protein, respectively. When combining this β-xylosidase with xylanase from the same A. pullulans strain, the rate of black liquor xylan hydrolysis was significantly improved by up to 1.6-fold. The maximum xylose yield (0.812?±?0.015?g?g?1 dry weight) was obtained from a reaction mixture containing 10% (w/v) black liquor xylan, 6?U?g?1 β-xylosidase and 16?U?g?1 xylanase after incubation for 4?h at 70?°C and pH 6.0.
Cycloartane triterpenoids from Actaea vaginata with anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages
Fang, Zhu-Jun,Zhang, Tian,Chen, Shi-Xin,Wang, Yan-Lan,Zhou, Chang-Xin,Mo, Jian-Xia,Wu, Yong-Jiang,Xu, You-Kai,Lin, Li-Gen,Gan, Li-She
, p. 1 - 10 (2019)
Five undescribed cycloartane triterpenoids, including two cycloartane trinor-triterpenoids, were isolated from a 70% ethanol extract of the whole plant of Actaea vaginata (Ranunculaceae), together with thirteen known cycloartane triterpenoids. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic techniques and quantum chemical calculations for intramolecular noncovalent interactions with reduced density gradient method. All compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects by a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production model in RAW264.7 macrophage cells, and some showed potent inhibitory effects with IC50 values ranging from 5.0 to 24.4 μM. Further mechanism studies showed that one compound dose-dependently suppressed LPS-induced NO production and pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion, and decreased the expression of iNOS, through inhibiting NF-κB activation.
A new cycloartane triterpene glycoside from Souliea vaginata
Wu, Hai-Feng,Zhang, Gang,Wu, Mei-Chun,Yang, Wen-Ting,Ma, Guo-Xu,Chen, Di-Zhao,Xu, Xu-Dong,Zou, Qiong-Yu,Hu, Wei-Cheng
, p. 2316 - 2322 (2016)
A new cycloartane-type triterpene glycoside, namely soulieoside M (1), and one known compound, beesioside I (2), were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the rhizomes of Souliea vaginata. Their structures were determined spectroscopically and compared with previously reported spectral data. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against three human cancer cell lines.
Three new cycloart-7-ene triterpenoid glycosides from Cimicifuga dahurica and their anti-inflammatory effects
Pang, Qian-Qian,Mei, Yu-Dan,Zhang, Yuan-Chu,Liu, Ling-Xian,Shi, Dan-Feng,Pan, Da-Bo,Yao, Xin-Sheng,Li, Hai-Bo,Yu, Yang
, p. 3634 - 3643 (2021)
Ten cycloart-7-ene triterpenoid glycosides, including three new compounds (1–3), were isolated from the roots of Cimicifuga dahurica. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, chemical methods and comparison with literatures. In addition, the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the production of NO, as well as the expressions of iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results showed that compounds 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8 can reduce the release of NO in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, Western blot analysis indicated that the NO inhibitory effects relied on down-regulating the expression of iNOS, and partially associated with lowering the expression of COX-2.
One new and seven known triterpene glycosides from the aerial parts of Cimicifuga dahurica
Hao, Yi-Meng,Luo, Wen,Jiang, Guan-Ze,Lv, Chong-Ning,Lu, Jin-Cai
, p. 788 - 793 (2020)
One new triterpene glycoside, asiaticoside I (1), along with seven known ones (2–8), were isolated from the aerial parts of Cimicifuga dahurica (Turcz.) Maxim. The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods including 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR and MS data. The structures of known compounds were determined by comparison with the literature data. Compound 1 exhibited moderate cell growth inhibitory activities in vitro against HELF, non-small cell lung cancer A549, and pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cell lines, with IC50 values of 62.97, 43.19, and 60.40 μM, respectively.
Metabolic response of tomato leaves upon different plant-pathogen interactions
Lopez-Gresa, M. Pilar,Maltese, Federica,Belles, Jose Maria,Conejero, Vicente,Kim, Hye Kyong,Choi, Young Hae,Verpoorte, Robert
, p. 89 - 94 (2010)
Introduction - Plants utilise vaious defence mechanisms against their potential biotic stressing agents such as viroids, viruses, bacteria or fungi and abiotic environmental challenges. Among them metabolic alteration is a common response in both compatible and incompatible plant-pathogen interactions. However, the identification of metabolic changes associated with defence response is not an easy task due to the complexity of the metabolome and the plant response. To address the problem of metabolic complexity, a metabolomics approach was employed in this study. Objective - To identify a wide range of pathogen (citrus exocortis viroid, CEVd, or Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato)-induced metabolites of tomato using metabolomics. Methodology - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in combination with multivariate data analysis were performed to analyse the metabolic changes implicated in plant-pathogen interaction. Results - NMR-based metabolomics of crude extracts allowed the identification of different metabolites implicated in the systemic (viroid) and hypersensitive response (bacteria) in plant-pathogen interactions. While glycosylated gentisic acid was the most important induced metabolite in the viroid infection, phenylpropanoids and a flavonoid (rutin) were found to be associated with bacterial infection. Conclusions - NMR metabolomics is a potent platform to analyse the compounds involved in different plant infections. A broad response to different pathogenic infections was revealed at metabolomic levels in the plant. Also, metabolic specificity against each pathogen was observed. Copyright
Hydrothermal production of furfural from xylose and xylan as model compounds for hemicelluloses
Moeller, Maria,Schroeder, Uwe
, p. 22253 - 22260 (2013)
The uncatalyzed microwave-assisted hydrothermal conversion of xylose and xylan as hemicellulose model compounds to furfural at temperatures of 160-240 °C and reaction times of 5-240 min is investigated. With acceptable reaction rates at 200 °C the conversion of xylose provides furfural with a maximum yield of 49%. The conversion of xylan, however, requires lower temperatures (160-180 °C) in order to promote the hydrolysis of the polymer, yielding xylose as a furfural precursor. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013.
New phenolic compounds from Dendrobium capillipes and Dendrobium secundum
Phechrmeekha, Thanawuth,Sritularak, Boonchoo,Likhitwitayawuid, Kittisak
, p. 748 - 754 (2012)
Phytochemical investigation of the stem of Dendrobium capillipes resulted in the isolation of a new flavonol glycoside namely quercetin-3-O-α-l- rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-xylopyranoside, along with seven known phenolic compounds which included two flavonol glycosides and five bibenzyls. From the stem of Dendrobium secundum, a new compound named 5-hydroxy-3,4,3,4,5- pentamethoxybibenzyl was characterized, together with two known bibenzyls and three glycosidic flavonoids. Some of the isolated bibenzyls showed cytotoxicity against KB, NCI-H187, and MCF-7 cancer cells, whereas all of the glycosidic flavonoids were devoid of activity.
