Formaldehyde

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Formaldehyde
• CAS No.: 50-00-0
• Deprecated CAS: 112068-71-0,8005-38-7,8006-07-3,8013-13-6,1053659-79-2,1156543-56-4,1158237-02-5,1227476-28-9,1357848-44-2,1416946-65-0,1609158-91-9,1196157-74-0,2100305-91-5,1053659-79-2,1156543-56-4,1158237-02-5,1227476-28-9,8005-38-7,8006-07-3,8013-13-6
• Molecular Formula: CH2O
• Molecular Weight: 30.0263
• Hs Code.: 29121100
• European Community (EC) Number: 200-001-8,685-227-9
• ICSC Number: 0275
• NSC Number: 298885
• UN Number: 3077,1198,2209
• UNII: 1HG84L3525
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID7020637
• Nikkaji Number: J2.294B,J369.708H
• Wikipedia: Formaldehyde
• Wikidata: Q161210,Q27110014
• NCI Thesaurus Code: C29744
• RXCUI: 4530
• Pharos Ligand ID: GLZFC5QP99RT
• Metabolomics Workbench ID: 50670
• ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL1255
• Mol file: 50-00-0.mol

Synonyms:Formaldehyde;Formalin;Formol;Methanal;Oxomethane

Chemical Property of Formaldehyde

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: Clear liquid
• Vapor Pressure: 52 mm Hg ( 37 °C)
• Melting Point: -15 °C
• Refractive Index: n20/D 1.377
• Boiling Point: 97 °C
• PKA: 13.27(at 25℃)
• Flash Point: 133 °F
• PSA: 17.07000
• Density: 1.09 g/mL at 25 °C
• LogP: 0.45100
• Storage Temp.: 2-8°C
• Solubility.: water: soluble
• Water Solubility.: soluble
• XLogP3: 1.2
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
• Rotatable Bond Count: 0
• Exact Mass: 30.010564683
• Heavy Atom Count: 2
• Complexity: 2
• Transport DOT Label: Class 9

Purity/Quality:

36.5%, ^*data from raw suppliers

Formaldehyde(37%w/waq.soln.,Stabilized7-8%ofMethanol) ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): T
• Hazard Codes: T
• Statements: 23/24/25-34-40-43-39/23/24/25-68-45-68/20/21/22
• Safety Statements: 36/37-51-45-36/37/39-26-53

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

• Chemical Classes: Other Classes -> Aldehydes
• Canonical SMILES: C=O
• Recent NIPH Clinical Trials: Assessment of Evaluation of tumor cell content ratio using endocytoscopy in biopsy tissue.
• Inhalation Risk: A harmful concentration of this gas in the air will be reached very quickly on loss of containment.
• Effects of Short Term Exposure: The substance is severely irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. Inhalation of high concentrations may cause lung oedema, but only after initial corrosive effects on the eyes and the upper respiratory tract have become manifest.
• Effects of Long Term Exposure: Repeated or chronic inhalation of the vapour may cause chronic inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. This substance is carcinogenic to humans.
• Uses: Formaldehyde (methyl aldehyde, methylene oxide) is a ubiquitous compound found endogenously in the body and environment. It is a colorless, flammable gas with a distinct, pungent odor and is most commonly available in aqueous solutions under the name formalin (37% formaldehyde in water). Formaldehyde has been used as a disinfectant, an embalming agent, and in industry as a precursor in the fabrication of complex compounds. Since scientific research has identified links between formaldehyde and adverse health effects, precautions and protections must be considered during use. Formaldehyde is used in the manufactureof phenolic resins, cellulose esters, artificialsilk, dyes, explosives, and organic chemicals.Other uses are as a germicide, fungicide, anddisinfectant; in tanning, adhesives, waterproofingfabrics, and for tonic and chromeprinting in photography; and for treating skindiseases in animals. In vitro neutralizationof scorpion venom toxicity by formaldehydehas been reported (Venkateswarlu et al.1988).Formaldehyde constitutes about 50% ofall aldehydes present in the air. It is oneof the toxic effluent gases emitted fromburning wood and synthetic polymeric substancessuch as polyethylene, nylon 6, andpolyurethane foams. Firefighters have a greaterrisk to its exposure. Incapacitation fromthe toxic effluent gases is reported to occurmore rapidly from the combustion of syntheticpolymers than from that of naturalcellulose materials.Formaldehyde is directly emitted into theair from vehicles. It is released in traceamounts from pressed wood products suchas particleboard and plywood paneling, fromold “sick” buildings, and from cotton andcotton–polyester fabrics with selected crosslinkfinishes. Formation of formaldehyde hasbeen observed in some frozen gadoid fishdue to enzymic decomposition of the additivetrimethylamine oxide (Rehbein 1985).Its concentration can build up during frozenstorage of fish (Leblanc and Leblanc 1988;Reece 1985). It occurs in the upper atmosphere,cloud, and fog; it also forms inphotochemical smog processes. More than half of the commercial formaldehyde produced is used to manufacture phenolic,urea, and melamine formaldehyde resins. Polyacetyl resins use another 5–10% of formaldehyde,and approximately 80% of formaldehyde goes into the resins and plastics industry.Phenolic-formaldehyde resins were the first synthetic plastics to be produced. The first plasticwas called Bakelite.Formaldehyde has traditionally been used as a preservative in biology and medical laboratoriesand in embalming fluid. Embalming fluids typically contain 5–15% formaldehyde, a significant percentage of alcohol, and other additives to perform certain functions, for example,bleaches and coloring to preserve skin color. Formaldehyde has been used to preserve deadbodies since 1900 and has several qualities that make it the preferred preservative. Foremostamong these is its low cost, but it also has several biochemical advantages: it kills germs andmicroorganisms, destroys decomposition enzymes, retards decomposition of proteins, andhardens body tissues. Formaldehyde is used as the preservative; disinfectant; antiseptic; in embalming solutions; in the manufacture of phenolic resins, artificial silk, cellulose esters, dyes, urea, thiourea, melamine res ins, organic chemicals, glass mirrors and explosives; used in improving fastness of dyes on fabrics; in tanning and preserving hides; in mordanting and waterproofing fabrics; as a germicide and fungicide for vegetables and other plants; in destroying flies and other insects; in preserving and coagulating rubber latex; prevent mildewand spelt in wheat and rot in oats; used to ren der casein, albumin, and gelatin insoluble; in chemical analysis; as a tissue fixative; as a component of particle board and plywood; in the manufacture of pentaerythritol, hexamethylenetetramine and lkbutanediol; used in ceiling and wall insulation; in res ins used to wrinkle-proof fabrics; in photography for hardening gelatin plates and papers, for toning gelatin-chloride papers and for chrome printing and developing; intermediate in drug manufacture; pesticide intermediate; in the production of urea, phenolic melamine and acetale resins; in textile products; as an astringent, disinfectant, and preservative in cosmetics, metal-working fluids, shampoos, etc.; antiperspirant in cosmetics; anticracking agent in dental plastics; in anhidrotics; chipboard production; in cleaning products, disinfectants and deodorizers, dry-cleaning materials, and glues; in mineral-wool production, paints and coatings, paper industry, phenolic resins and urea plastics; in adhesives and footwear, photographic paper and solutions, polishes, printing materials, tanning agents, wart remedies, embalming solutions, fertilizers, wood composites, and insulation.
• Description: Formaldehyde is a colorless, flammable gas with a distinctive pungent odor. It is the simplest aldehyde, which is a class of organic compounds with the carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom. Formaldehyde was described by August Wilhelm von Hoff mann (1818–1892) in 1867 after the Russian Aleksandr Butlerov (1828–1886) had inadvertently synthesized it in 1857. Formaldehyde readily dissolves in water to produce a solution called formalin, which is commonly marketed as a 37% solution.
• Physical properties: Formaldehyde is a clear, colorless liquid with a pungent, suffocating odor. Burning taste. Experimentally determined odor threshold concentrations of 1.0 ppmv and 0.50 ppmv were reported by Leonardos et al. (1969) and Nagata and Takeuchi (1990), respectively. Also,formalin is an aqueous solution that is 37% formaldehyde by weight; inhibited solutions (added to prevent polymeri zation) usually contain 6 12% methyl alcohol. Formaldehyde is used in the manufacture of plastics and resins by reaction with phenols,urea, and melamine. It is used as a preservative,a disinfectant, and as a chemical intermediate.

Technology Process of Formaldehyde

There total 3214 articles about Formaldehyde which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield: 100.0%

p-nitro-N,N-dimethylaniline-N-oxide (26492-31-9) → formaldehyd (50-00-0,30525-89-4,61233-19-0) + N,N-Dimethyl-4-nitroaniline (100-23-2)

Guidance literature:

With 1H-imidazole; meso-tetraphenylporphyrin iron(III) chloride; DMA-OCH₃; In chloroform; at 25 ℃; for 0.5h;

DOI:10.1016/S0040-4039(00)84329-4

Reference yield: 2.1%

butyl-[1,2,4]trioxolane (767-09-9) → formaldehyd (50-00-0,30525-89-4,61233-19-0) + pentanal (110-62-3) + Dimethoxymethane (109-87-5) + Methyl formate (107-31-3) + 1,1-dimethoxy-pentane (26450-58-8) + valeric acid (109-52-4)

Guidance literature:

In methanol; at 90 ℃; for 6h; Mechanism; Product distribution;

Reference yield:

1-(1-chloroethenyl)-4-methoxybenzene (40811-01-6) → formaldehyd (50-00-0,30525-89-4,61233-19-0) + 4-methoxybenzoic acid (100-09-4)

Guidance literature:

Einleiten von Sauerstoff; Behandeln des Reaktionsprodukts mit Wasser;

upstream raw materials:

methanol

N-methylaniline

4-nitrobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate

N,N-dimethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline

Downstream raw materials:

N⁵,N¹⁰-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

1,3-DIOXOLANE

4,5-Dimethyl-2-pyrrolidinomethyl-phenol

bis-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-pyrrolidinomethyl-phenyl)-sulfide

Refernces

• 1、 Sorokin,Kudrik,Alvarez,Afanasiev,Millet,Bouchu. "Oxidation of methane and ethylene in water at ambient conditions". . p. 149 - 154. Retrieved 2010.
• 2、 Lightfoot, P. D.,Lesclaux, R.,Veyret, B.. "Flash Photolysis Study of the CH3O2 + CH3O2 Reaction: Rate Constants and Branching Ratios from 248 to 573 K". . p. 700 - 707. Retrieved 1990.
• 3、 Taatjes, Dylan J.,Fenick, David J.,Koch, Tad H.. "Epidoxoform: A hydrolytically more stable anthracycline-formaldehyde conjugate toxic to resistant tumor cells". . p. 1306 - 1314. Retrieved 1998.
• 4、 Merenyi,Lind,Goldstein. "The rate of homolysis of adducts of peroxynitrite to the C=O double bond". . p. 40 - 48. Retrieved 2002.
• 5、 Knyazev, Vadim D.,Slagle, Irene R.. "Kinetics of the Reaction of Vinyl Radical with Molecular Oxygen". . p. 2247 - 2249. Retrieved 1995.
• 6、 Bobkova,Sungurova. "Formation of formaldehyde in aqueous solution under atmospheric-pressure direct-current discharge". . . Retrieved 2014.
• 7、 Apeloig, Yitzhak,Albrecht, Karsten. "Ab initio study on the unimolecular decomposition mechanisms and spectroscopic properties of CH3OF". . p. 9564 - 9569. Retrieved 1995.
• 8、 Bell,McDowell. "-". . p. 1424. Retrieved 1961.
• 9、 Wayne,Shallcross,Canosa-Mas,Carr,King,Thompson. "A kinetic study of the reactions of NO3 with methyl vinyl ketone, methacrolein, acrolein, methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate". . p. 4195 - 4202. Retrieved 1999.
• 10、 Xu, Chengbiao,Yang, Wenshao,Ren, Zefeng,Dai, Dongxu,Guo, Qing,Minton, Timothy K.,Yang, Xueming. "Strong photon energy dependence of the photocatalytic dissociation rate of methanol on TiO2(110)". . p. 19039 - 19045. Retrieved 2013.