10.1139/V06-099
Cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) is a macrocyclic host molecule with a hydrophobic cavity that has a strong affinity for aromatic and adamantyl guests, particularly when these guests contain cationic substituents. CB[7] is part of the cucurbituril family, formed in acid-catalyzed condensation reactions of glycoluril with paraformaldehyde. It has similarly sized hydrophobic cavities as the more well-studied a-, ?-, and ?-cyclodextrins but differs in the nature and size of the portals to the cavities, which are lined with ureido carbonyl groups. The research investigates the host–guest interactions between cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) and a series of novel cationic bis(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl) guests in aqueous solution. The purpose is to explore the stability and characteristics of the inclusion complexes formed, which have potential applications in various chemical processes. The researchers employed UV–vis and NMR spectroscopy, and electrospray mass spectrometry to study these interactions. The results showed that most guests formed very stable inclusion complexes with CB[7], except for 1,3-bis(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)adamantane, which binds externally. The stability constants and complexation-induced shifts (CIS) were correlated with the nature of the guest core and the distance between the charges on the terminal rings. The study concludes that the hydrophobic core of the guest resides within the CB[7] cavity, while the charged units remain outside, adjacent to the carbonyl-lined portals. This research provides valuable insights into the binding behaviors and stability of these host–guest complexes, which could be useful for developing new applications in photochemical reactions, molecular shuttles, and sensors.