Hydration of ethynyl-N-heteroarenes involves the addition of water (H2O) to the triple bond of an ethynyl group in the presence of a catalyst. This reaction results in the formation of a ketone or aldehyde, depending on the reaction conditions. Common catalysts for the hydration of ethynyl groups include strong acids, such as concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4), or metal catalysts, such as mercury (Hg2+). The mechanism typically involves the protonation of the triple bond to form a carbocation intermediate, followed by nucleophilic attack by water to yield the ketone or aldehyde product. Hydration reactions are important in organic synthesis for converting acetylenic compounds into more functionalized products that can be further modified.
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