439-14-5

IUPAC Name: 7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one
Molecular Formula: C₁₆H₁₃ClN₂O
Molecular Weight: 284.74 g/mol
EINECS: 207-122-5
Product Categories: Miscellaneous Biochemicals; Aromatics; Heterocycles; Intermediates & Fine Chemicals; Pharmaceuticals; Benzodiazepin Analoga StructureAlphabetic; DIA - DICForensic and Veterinary Standards; Chemical Structure; D; Drugs of Abuse; Drugs&Metabolites; Solutions
storage temp.: 2-8 °C
solubility: 45% (w/v) aq 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin: 1.6 mg/mL
Stability: Stable. Light-sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Melting Point: 131.5-134.5 °C
Index of Refraction: 1.635
Molar Refractivity: 80.91 cm³
Molar Volume: 225.8 cm³
Surface Tension: 46.1 dyne/cm
Density: 1.26 g/cm³
Flash Point: 254.6 °C
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 76.53 kJ/mol
Boiling Point: 497.4 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure of Diazepam (CAS NO.439-14-5): 4.98E-10 mmHg at 25 °C

 Diazepam was the second benzodiazepine to be invented by Sternbach of Hoffmann-La Roche, and was approved for use in 1960. In 1963 its improved version, Valium, was released and was incredibly popular, helping Roche to become a pharmaceutical industry giant.  Diazepam was the top-selling pharmaceutical in the United States from 1969 to 1982, with peak sales in 1978 of 2.3 billion tablets. Diazepam - along with oxazepam, nitrazepam, and temazepam - represents 82% of the benzodiazepine market in Australia. It is also the first line of defense for a rare disorder called stiff-person syndrome.

 Diazepam (CAS NO.439-14-5) is mainly used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and symptoms of acute alcohol or opiate withdrawal. It is also used as a premedication for inducing sedation, anxiolysis or amnesia before certain medical procedures (e.g., endoscopy). It is also used as a short-term sedative and anxiolytic for cats and dogs. It is also used for short-term treatment of seizures in dogs and short-term and long-term treatment of seizures in cats. It can also be used as an appetite stimulant.

Diazepam(439-14-5) is a substituted benzodiazepine made by a series of reactions, one of which involves cyclization.
 It is prepared by treating p-chloromethylaniline with benzoyl chloride and hydroxylamine to produce the benzophenone oxime. Reaction of the oxime with chloroacetyl chloride in the presence of sodium hydroxide, and subsequent reduction, yields Diazepam.

Diazapam is reported in EPA TSCA Inventory. EPA Genetic Toxicology Program.

Hazard Codes: Xn,Xi,T,F 
Risk Statements: 21/22-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11-36/37/38
R21/22:  Harmful in contact with skin and if swallowed 
R39/23/24/25:  Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed 
R23/24/25:  Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed 
R11:  Highly Flammable 
R36/37/38:  Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin
Safety Statements: 36/37-45-36-26
S36/37:  Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves 
S45:  In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible) 
S36:  Wear suitable protective clothing 
S26:  In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice
RIDADR:  UN 2811 6.1/PG 3
WGK Germany:  2
RTECS: DF1575000
HazardClass: 6.1(b)
PackingGroup: III
Poison by ingestion, parenteral, subcutaneous, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by skin contact.  Human reproductive effects by ingestion and intravenous routes causing developmental abnormalities of the fetal cardiovascular (circulatory) system and postnatal effects. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. An allergen. A drug for the treatment of anxiety. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of Cl⁻ and NO_x.

  Diazepam (CAS NO.439-14-5), its Synonyms are 1-Methyl-5-phenyl-7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one ; 2H-1,4-Benzodiazepin-2-one, 7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl- ; 7-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one ; 7-Chloro-1-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepine ; 7-Chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one ; 7-Chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one ; 7-Chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2(1H)-one ; Atensine ; Atilen ; Azedipamin ; Diazepam Stada ; Diazepam intensol ; Diazepam-Eurogenerics . It is off-white to yellow crystalline powder.