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| CAS No.: | 7440-46-2 |
|---|---|
| Name: | Cesium |
| Article Data: | 128 |
| Molecular Structure: | |
|
|
|
| Formula: | Cs |
| Molecular Weight: | 132.905 |
| Synonyms: | Cesium-133 |
| EINECS: | 231-155-4 |
| Density: | 1.873 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) |
| Melting Point: |
28.5 °C(lit.) |
| Boiling Point: |
705 °C(lit.) |
| Solubility: |
reactsStability
Toxicology
|
| Appearance: | silvery, light ductile metal |
| Hazard Symbols: | Dangerous fire and explosion risk, ignites spontaneously in moist air, may explode in contact with sulfur or phosphorus, reacts violently with oxidizing materials, causes burns in contact with skin. |
| Risk Codes: | R14/15;R34; |
| Safety: | Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal route. Cesium is quite similar to potassium in its elemental state. It has been shown, however, to have pronounced physiological action in experimentation with animals. Hyper-irritability, including marked spasms, has been shown to follow the administration of cesium in amounts equal to the potassium content of the diet. It has been found that replacing the potassium in the diet of rats with cesium caused death after 10–17 days. Ignites spontaneously in air. Violent reaction with water, moisture, or steam releases hydrogen gas which explodes. Violent reaction with acids, halogens, and other oxidizing materials. Incandescent reaction with nonmetals (e.g., sulfur, phosphorus). See also SODIUM. |
| PSA: | 0.00000 |
| LogP: | 0.11250 |
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cesium azide
- 7440-46-2
caesium
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| In neat (no solvent) byproducts: caesium nitride, caesium silicate; CsN3 was decomposed at 390 °C forming Cs and a yellowish gray residue (contains ca. 70% Cs-nitride beside Cs-silicate and not-reacting Cs-azide);; | 90% |
| In neat (no solvent) byproducts: caesium nitride, caesium silicate; CsN3 was decomposed at 390 °C forming Cs and a yellowish gray residue (contains ca. 70% Cs-nitride beside Cs-silicate and not-reacting Cs-azide);; | 90% |
| In neat (no solvent) byproducts: N2; decomposition of CsN3 in high vacuum starting at 290 °C (when Jena glass is used as vessel) forming finely distributed metall;; |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With zirconium In neat (no solvent) a mixture of Cs2Cr2O7 and Zr powder (weigt ratio = 1:10) was pressed to rods and heated in high vacuum at 380 °C forming Cs and Cs-oxide;; | A 10% B 70% |
| With Zr In neat (no solvent) a mixture of Cs2Cr2O7 and Zr powder (weigt ratio = 1:10) was pressed to rods and heated in high vacuum at 380 °C forming Cs and Cs-oxide;; | A 10% B 70% |
| With zirconium In neat (no solvent) a mixture of Cs2Cr2O7 and Zr powder (weight ratio = 1:20 and 1:40) was pressed to rods and heated in high vacuum at 500 °C forming Cs only;; | A 0% B n/a |
| With Zr In neat (no solvent) a mixture of Cs2Cr2O7 and Zr powder (weight ratio = 1:20 and 1:40) was pressed to rods and heated in high vacuum at 500 °C forming Cs only;; | A 0% B n/a |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With zirconium In neat (no solvent) a mixture of Cs2SO4 and Zr powder (weight ratio = 1:4) was pressed to rods and heated in high vacuum at 550 °C forming Cs, oxide and sulfide, reaction explosive;; | A 15-25 B 10% C 50% |
| With Zr In neat (no solvent) a mixture of Cs2SO4 and Zr powder (weight ratio = 1:4) was pressed to rods and heated in high vacuum at 550 °C forming Cs, oxide and sulfide, reaction explosive;; | A 15-25 B 10% C 50% |
| With zirconium In neat (no solvent) a mixture of Cs2SO4 and Zr powder (weight ratio = 1:10) was pressed to rods and heated in high vacuum at 500-600 °C forming Cs only; quiet reaction at slow heating, at rapid heating explosion;; | A 0% B 0% C n/a |
| With Zr In neat (no solvent) a mixture of Cs2SO4 and Zr powder (weight ratio = 1:10) was pressed to rods and heated in high vacuum at 500-600 °C forming Cs only; quiet reaction at slow heating, at rapid heating explosion;; | A 0% B 0% C n/a |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With iron In neat (no solvent) Cs2CO3 was heated with excess of Fe at 1000 °C for 1 h forming metallic Cs; the evolution of gas started at 650 °C and increased up to 1000°C;; the obtained metal is partially oxidized;; | 50% |
| With iron In neat (no solvent) byproducts: Fe2O3, CO, CO2; Cs2CO3 was heated with an excess of Fe in vacuum at 650-1000 °C forming metallic Cs, after 1 h heating almost 50% of the metal was reduced;; | 50% |
| With Fe In neat (no solvent) Cs2CO3 was heated with excess of Fe at 1000 °C for 1 h forming metallic Cs; the evolution of gas started at 650 °C and increased up to 1000°C;; the obtained metal is partially oxidized;; | 50% |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With zirconium In neat (no solvent) a mixture of Cs2CrO4 and Zr powder (weight ratio = 1:2) was pressed to rods and heated in high vacuum at 725 °C forming Cs and Cs-oxide, inflammation;; | A 10% B 50% |
| With Zr In neat (no solvent) a mixture of Cs2CrO4 and Zr powder (weight ratio = 1:2) was pressed to rods and heated in high vacuum at 725 °C forming Cs and Cs-oxide, inflammation;; | A 10% B 50% |
| With zirconium In neat (no solvent) a mixture of Cs2CrO4 and Zr powder (weight ratio = 1:4) was pressed to rods and heated in high vacuum at 725-1000 °C forming Cs;; | A 0% B 90-96 |
| With Zr In neat (no solvent) a mixture of Cs2CrO4 and Zr powder (weight ratio = 1:4) was pressed to rods and heated in high vacuum at 725-1000 °C forming Cs;; | A 0% B 90-96 |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| iron In neat (no solvent) byproducts: Cs3N; thermal decompn. (380°C); extensive description of apparatus, handling and materials given; detailed discussion of conditions and materials; safe and simple high purity synthesis;; removal of N2 (vac. below 1E-4 Torr); distillation in closed system; identification/purity by atomic absorption spectroscopy;; | |
| copper In neat (no solvent) byproducts: Cs3N; thermal decompn. (380°C); extensive description of apparatus, handling and materials given; detailed discussion of conditions and materials; safe and simple high purity synthesis;; removal of N2 (vac. below 1E-4 Torr); distillation in closed system; identification/purity by atomic absorption spectroscopy;; | |
| In neat (no solvent) byproducts: Cs3N; thermal decompn. (580°C); extensive description of apparatus, handling and materials given; detailed discussion of conditions and materials; safe and simple high purity synthesis;; removal of N2 (vac. below 1E-4 Torr); distillation in closed system; identification/purity by atomic absorption spectroscopy;; |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| In gas molecular Cs2 beam generated by expansion of alkali vapor through a nozzle crossed with a beam of ground state oxygen atoms; monitoring by chemiluminescence or induced fluorescence; |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| Kinetics; Ar-carrier gas, at 2800 K and 4000 K; time-resolved absorption; |
- 7440-46-2
caesium
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With calcium In neat (no solvent) reduction of CsBr with Ca;; | |
| With Ca In neat (no solvent) reduction of CsBr with Ca;; |
- 7440-46-2
caesium
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With barium azide In not given CsCl was dissolved in a 16% BaN3-soln.; Cs formation started at 250 °C, the reaction was completed at 350 °C;; | |
| With calcium In neat (no solvent) reduction of CsCl with Ca in a large excess, the temp. must be increased very slowly to 700 °C after 3-4 h, reaction (evolution of blue vapor) starts at 500 °C;; distillation at 300 °C; | |
| With Na or coal In neat (no solvent) CsCl was heated with Na or coal in a N2 or H2 atmosphere forming Cs-vapor;; |
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- 7440-70-2Calcium
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- Total:29 Page 1 of 1 1
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Chemistry
Molecular structure:
IUPAC Name: Cesium
Synonyms of Cesium (CAS NO.7440-46-2): Cesium-133 ; Cesium Aa Single Element Standard ; Cesium, Aas Standard Solution ; Cesium Aa Standard ; Cesium Atomic Absorption Standard ; Cesium Atomic Spectroscopy Standard ; Cesium ; Cesium Metal
Product Categories: Alkali Metals Metal and Ceramic Science ; Cesium ; Metals ; Reduction ; Synthetic Reagents
Molecular Formula: Cs
Molecular Weight: 132.91
EINECS: 231-155-4
Density: 1.873 g/mL at 25 °C
Melting Point: 28.5 °C
Boiling Point: 705 °C
Vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 279 °C)
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility in H2O: soluble
Merck: 13,2018
Stability: Flammable solid; highly flammable in powder form. Moisture-sensitive. Incompatible with chlorine, phosphorus, water.
History
Cesium (CAS NO.7440-46-2) (Latin caesius meaning "bluish gray") was spectroscopically discovered by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff in 1860 in mineral water from Dürkheim, Germany, as described below. Carl Setterberg first produced caesium metal in 1882 by electrolysis of caesium chloride.Setterberg received his PhD from Kekule and Bunsen for this work.
Historically, the most important use for caesium has been in research and development, primarily in chemical and electrical fields. It found no significant application until its was added into radio vacuum tubes in the 1920s as a getter, a scavenger of the trace amounts of oxygen remaining in the tube after manufacture, and as a coating on the heated cathode to increase the amount of electric current that could flow through the tube. Caesium became recognized as a functional, high-performance industrial metal in electronics in the 1950s.
Since 1967, the International System of Measurements has based its unit of time, the second, on the properties of caesium. The International System of Units (SI) defines the second as 9,192,631,770 cycles of the radiation, which corresponds to the transition between two hyperfine energy levels of the ground state of the 133Cs atom.
Production
Raw materials is Argon .
Most of the mined Cesium (CAS NO.7440-46-2) is directly converted into caesium formate (HCOO−Cs+) for applications such as oil drilling. Caesium metal can be isolated by electrolysis of fused caesium cyanide. Exceptionally pure and gas-free caesium can be made by the thermal decomposition of caesium azide. In vacuum applications, caesium dichromate can be reacted with zirconium forming pure caesium without other gaseous products.
Cs2Cr2O7 + 2 Zr → 2 Cs + 2 ZrO2+ Cr2O3 The primary commercial compounds of caesium are caesium chloride and its nitrate.
Toxicity Data With Reference
| Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mouse | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 1700mg/kg (1700mg/kg) | "Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif," Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948Vol. -, Pg. 704, 1948. |
Consensus Reports
Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.
Safety Profile
Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal route. Cesium is quite similar to potassium in its elemental state. It has been shown, however, to have pronounced physiological action in experimentation with animals. Hyper-irritability, including marked spasms, has been shown to follow the administration of cesium in amounts equal to the potassium content of the diet. It has been found that replacing the potassium in the diet of rats with cesium caused death after 10–17 days. Ignites spontaneously in air. Violent reaction with water, moisture, or steam releases hydrogen gas which explodes. Violent reaction with acids, halogens, and other oxidizing materials. Incandescent reaction with nonmetals (e.g., sulfur, phosphorus). See also SODIUM.
Hazard Codes:
Xi,
C,
F+
Risk Statements of Cesium (CAS NO.7440-46-2):
R36/38:Irritating to eyes and skin.
R34:Causes burns.
R14/15: Reacts violently with water and contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases.
R11:Highly flammable.
Safety Statements:
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)
S43:In case of fire use ... (there follows the type of fire-fighting equipment to be used.)
S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
S16:Keep away from sources of ignition.
S8:Keep container dry.
RIDADR: UN 3264 8/PG 3
WGK Germany: 3
RTECS: FK9225000
F 10: Keep under argon.
HazardClass: 4.3
PackingGroup: I
Standards and Recommendations
DOT Classification: 4.3; Label: Dangerous When Wet
Specification
Cesium (CAS NO.7440-46-2) is a silvery, light ductile metal. It causes burns to skin and eyes.It is highly flammable.Reacts violently with most acids. Reacts violently with fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. Reacts with incandescence with sulfur and phosphorus. Burns vigorously in air.Inhalation or contact with vapors, substance or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. May produce corrosive solutions on contact with water. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.Produce flammable gases on contact with water. May ignite on contact with water or moist air. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. Some are transported in highly flammable liquids. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.