10032-05-0Relevant articles and documents
A novel application of terminal alkynes as the homogeneous catalysts for acetalization and esterification
Sekerová, Lada,Vysko?ilová, Eli?ka,?erveny, Libor,Sedlá?ek, Jan
, p. 2877 - 2882 (2019)
The theoretical study focused on the possible use of low-molecular-weight mono-as well as multifunctional terminal alkynes as catalysts for two reactions, which are known to be typically acid catalyzed - acetalization and esterification, is presented in this study. Multifunctional terminal alkynes [(diethynylbenzenes, triethynylbenzene, and tetrakis(4-ethynylphenyl)methane]were significantly more active than the monofunctional ones (cyclopropylacetylene, phenylacetylene, 3-cyclohexylprop-1-yne, 1-ethynyl-2-fluorobenzene, 1-ethynyl-4-fluorobenzene, 4-ethynyltoluene, 4-tert-butylphenylacetylene, and 2-ethynyl-α,α,α-trifluorotoluene), this fact can be partly explained by the higher amount of ethynyl groups per alkyne molecule. We confirmed that terminal ethynyl groups in low-molecular-weight alkynes can successfully act as acid catalytic centers for acetalization as well as for esterification.
Hyper-Cross-Linked Polyacetylene-Type Microporous Networks Decorated with Terminal Ethynyl Groups as Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts for Acetalization and Esterification Reactions
Sekerová, Lada,Lhotka, Miloslav,Vysko?ilová, Eli?ka,Faukner, Tomá?,Slováková, Eva,Brus, Ji?í,?erveny, Libor,Sedlá?ek, Jan
, p. 14742 - 14749 (2018)
Heterogeneous catalysts based on materials with permanent porosity are of great interest owing to their high specific surface area, easy separation, recovery, and recycling ability. Additionally, porous polymer catalysts (PPCs) allow us to tune catalytic activity by introducing various functional centres. This study reports the preparation of PPCs with a permanent micro/mesoporous texture and a specific surface area SBET of up to 1000 m2 g?1 active in acid-catalyzed reactions, namely aldehyde and ketone acetalization and carboxylic acid esterification. These PPC-type conjugated hyper-cross-linked polyarylacetylene networks were prepared by chain-growth homopolymerization of 1,4-diethynylbenzene, 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene and tetrakis(4-ethynylphenyl)methane. However, only some ethynyl groups of the monomers (from 58 to 80 %) were polymerized into the polyacetylene network segments while the other ethynyl groups remained unreacted. Depending on the number of ethynyl groups per monomer molecule and the covalent structure of the monomer, PPCs were decorated with unreacted ethynyl groups from 3.2 to 6.7 mmol g?1. The hydrogen atoms of the unreacted ethynyl groups served as acid catalytic centres of the aforementioned organic reactions. To the best of our knowledge, this is first study describing the high activity of hydrogen atoms of ethynyl groups in acid-catalyzed reactions.
Low pressure hydroformylation in the presence of alcohol promoters
Li, Baitao,Li, Xiaohong,Asami, Kenji,Fujimoto, Kaoru
, p. 836 - 837 (2002)
Active carbon supported cobalt catalyst was studied for the hydroformylation of 1-hexene in the presence of alcohol solvents at low pressure. The influence of various solvents on the hydroformylation and the CO conversion vs time on stream were investigated in detail. It was found that the heterogeneous catalyst shows excellent activity only in the alcohol solvents.
AN EFFICIENT SbCl3-METAL SYSTEM FOR ALLYLATION, REDUCTION AND ACETALIZATION OF ALDEHYDES
Wang, Wei-Bo,Shi, Li-Lan,Huang, Yao-Zeng
, p. 3315 - 3320 (1990)
SbCl3-Fe or SbCl3-Al could induce allylation of aldehydes with allylic halides at room temperature to give high yields of the corresponding homoallylic alcohols with high regio- and chemoselectivity.SbCl3-Al or SbCl3-Zn in DMF-H2O was found to be an efficient reduction system for conversion of aldehydes to alcohols at room temperature in excellent yields.While alcohol was used as solvent instead of DMF-H2O, the acetalization product was obtained in almost quantitative yield.Catalytic amount of SbCl3 was effective for this purpose.This acetalization method could also be applied to ketone.
A simple one-pot procedure for the conversion of aldehydes to methyl esters
Rhee, Hakjune,Kim, Jin Yeon
, p. 1365 - 1368 (1998)
Several methyl esters were obtained by an efficient and simple one-pot procedure from the corresponding aldehydes in high yields. This procedure involves dimethyl acetal formation from aldehydes and subsequent oxidation.
A simple and versatile method for the synthesis of acetals from aldehydes and ketones using bismuth triflate
Leonard, Nicholas M.,Oswald, Matthew C.,Freiberg, Derek A.,Nattier, Bryce A.,Smith, Russell C.,Mohan, Ram S.
, p. 5202 - 5207 (2002)
Acetals are obtained in good yields by treatment of aldehydes and ketones with trialkyl orthoformate and the corresponding alcohol in the presence of 0.1 mol % Bi(OTf)3·4H2O. A simple procedure for the formation of acetals of diaryl ketones has also been developed. The conversion of carbonyl compounds to the corresponding 1,3-dioxolane using ethylene glycol is also catalyzed by Bi(OTf)3· 4H2O (1 mol %). Two methods, both of which avoid the use of benzene, have been developed.
A convenient and highly efficient method for the protection of aldehydes using very low loading hydrous ruthenium(III) trichloride as catalyst
Qi, Jian-Ying,Ji, Jian-Xin,Yueng, Chi-Hung,Kwong, Hoi-Lun,Chan, Albert S.C.
, p. 7719 - 7721 (2004)
A convenient method for the chemoselective protections of both aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes has been developed. Ruthenium(III) trichloride (0.1 mol %) has found to be an highly efficient catalyst in the acetalizations of aldehydes with various simple alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, or diols such as 1,2-ethylanediol and 1,3-propanediol under mild reaction conditions.
Use of delaminated zeolites (ITQ-2) and mesoporous molecular sieves in the production of fine chemicals: Preparation of dimethylacetals and tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols and phenols
Corma,Rodriguez,Climent,Iborra,Fornes
, p. 441 - 447 (2000)
The combination of zeolitic acidities, easy reactant accessibility, and fast desorption-diffusion of products are determinant issues for designing successful catalysts for acid-catalyzed reactions in the field of fine chemicals production. Protection of aldehydes by formation of the corresponding dimethyl acetals and of alcohols and phenols by formation of the corresponding tetrahydropyranyl ethers were performed using ITQ-2 zeolite as acid catalyst. Its catalytic activity for these reactions was compared with those obtained with MCM-22, Beta zeolites, and the mesoporous aluminosilicate MCM-41, all with similar Si/Al ratios. When the reactions involved bulky reactants, ITQ-2 showed, in all cases, the highest activity as a consequence of the combination of its delaminated structure and the presence of strong acid sites. The zeolitic nature of the acid sites present in the delaminated ITQ-2 zeolite made the acid sites more stable than those present in the short range amorphous MCM-41 molecular sieve, providing the former catalyst better activity and thermal regenerability. ITQ-2 and MCM-41 are active and selective catalysts for acetalization reactions involving reactants as large as diphenylacetaldehyde and cholesterol.
Metal organic frameworks as solid acid catalysts for acetalization of aldehydes with methanol
Dhakshinamoorthy, Amarajothi,Alvaro, Mercedes,Garcia, Hermenegildo
, p. 3022 - 3030 (2010)
Room temperature acetalization of aldehydes with methanol has been carried out using metal organic frameworks (MOFs) as solid heterogeneous catalysts. Of the MOFs tested, a copper-containing MOF [Cu3(BTC)2] (BTC=1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate) showed better catalytic activity than an iron-containing MOF [Fe(BTC)] and an aluminium containing MOF [Al 2(BDC)3] (BDC=1,4-benzenedicarboxylate). The protocol was validated for a series of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes and used to protect various aldehydes into commercially important acetals in good yields without the need of water removal. In addition, the reusability and heterogeneity of this catalytic system was demonstrated. The structural stability of MOF was further studied by characterization with powder X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett- Teller surface area measurements and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopic analysis of a deactivated catalyst used to convert a large amount of benzaldehyde. The performance of copper MOF as acetalization catalyst compares favourably with those of other conventional homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts such as zinc chloride, zeolite and clay. Copyright
Chemoselective protection of aldehydes in the presence of ketones using rupvp complex as a heterogeneous catalyst
Kshirsagar, Siddheshwar W.,Patil, Nitin R.,Samant, Shriniwas D.
, p. 407 - 413 (2010)
Ruthenium(III)-polyvinyl pyridine (RuPVP) complex was prepared by refluxing a methanolic solution of polyvinyl pyridine and trihydrated ruthenium trichloride. RuPVP catalyst was characterized by Fourier transform-infrared and diffential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetry (TG). The catalyst was used for chemoselective protection of aldehydes in the presence of a ketonic carbonyl group.