100678-48-6Relevant articles and documents
Rabbit 3-hydroxyhexobarbital dehydrogenase is a NADPH-preferring reductase with broad substrate specificity for ketosteroids, prostaglandin D2, and other endogenous and xenobiotic carbonyl compounds
Endo, Satoshi,Matsunaga, Toshiyuki,Matsumoto, Atsuko,Arai, Yuki,Ohno, Satoshi,El-Kabbani, Ossama,Tajima, Kazuo,Bunai, Yasuo,Yamano, Shigeru,Hara, Akira,Kitade, Yukio
, p. 1366 - 1375 (2013/11/19)
3-Hydroxyhexobarbital dehydrogenase (3HBD) catalyzes NAD(P) +-linked oxidation of 3-hydroxyhexobarbital into 3-oxohexobarbital. The enzyme has been thought to act as a dehydrogenase for xenobiotic alcohols and some hydroxysteroids, but its physiological function remains unknown. We have purified rabbit 3HBD, isolated its cDNA, and examined its specificity for coenzymes and substrates, reaction directionality and tissue distribution. 3HBD is a member (AKR1C29) of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily, and exhibited high preference for NADP(H) over NAD(H) at a physiological pH of 7.4. In the NADPH-linked reduction, 3HBD showed broad substrate specificity for a variety of quinones, ketones and aldehydes, including 3-, 17- and 20-ketosteroids and prostaglandin D2, which were converted to 3α-, 17β- and 20α-hydroxysteroids and 9α,11β- prostaglandin F2, respectively. Especially, α-diketones (such as isatin and diacetyl) and lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes (such as 4-oxo- and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenals) were excellent substrates showing low Km values (0.1-5.9 μM). In 3HBD-overexpressed cells, 3-oxohexobarbital and 5β-androstan-3α-ol-17-one were metabolized into 3-hydroxyhexobarbital and 5β-androstane-3α,17β-diol, respectively, but the reverse reactions did not proceed. The overexpression of the enzyme in the cells decreased the cytotoxicity of 4-oxo-2-nonenal. The mRNA for 3HBD was ubiquitously expressed in rabbit tissues. The results suggest that 3HBD is an NADPH-preferring reductase, and plays roles in the metabolisms of steroids, prostaglandin D2, carbohydrates and xenobiotics, as well as a defense system, protecting against reactive carbonyl compounds.
Transdermal delivery of naltrexol and skin permeability lifetime after microneedle treatment in hairless guinea pigs
Banks, Stan L.,Pinninti, Raghotham R.,Gill, Harvinder S.,Paudel, Kalpana S.,Crooks, Peter A.,Brogden, Nicole K.,Prausnitz, Mark R.,Stinchcomb, Audra L.
experimental part, p. 3072 - 3080 (2011/04/22)
Controlled-release delivery of 6-β-naltrexol (NTXOL), the major active metabolite of naltrexone, via a transdermal patch is desirable for treatment of alcoholism. Unfortunately, NTXOL does not diffuse across skin at a therapeutic rate. Therefore, the focus of this study was to evaluate microneedle (MN) skin permeation enhancement of NTXOL's hydrochloride salt in hairless guinea pigs. Specifically, these studies were designed to determine the lifetime of MN-created aqueous pore pathways. MN pore lifetime was estimated by pharmacokinetic evaluation, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and visualization of MN-treated skin pore diameters using light microscopy. A 3.6-fold enhancement in steady-state plasma concentration was observed in vivo with MN treated skin with NTXOL·HCl, as compared to NTXOL base. TEWL measurements and microscopic evaluation of stained MN-treated guinea pig skin indicated the presence of pores, suggesting a feasible nonlipid bilayer pathway for enhanced transdermal delivery. Overall, MN-assisted transdermal delivery appears viable for at least 48 h after MN-application.
Probes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena. 11. Synthesis of 17-methyl and 17-cyclopropylmethyl-3,14-dihydroxy-4,5α-epoxy-6β-fluoromorphinans (foxy and cyclofoxy) as model of opioid ligands suitable for positron emission transaxial tomography
Burke, Terrence R.,Rice, Kenner C.,Pert, Candace B.
, p. 99 - 106 (2007/10/02)
Fluorinated derivatives 3,14-dihydroxy-4,5α-epoxy-6β-fluoro-17-methylmorphinan ("fluorooxymorphone": FOXY, 10) and 17-cyclopropylmethyl-3,14-dihydroxy-4,5α-epoxy-6β-fluoromorphnian (CYCLOFOXY, 18) were prepared based upon the structures of the potent opioid agonist oxymorphone 4 and the antagonist naltrexone 11 respectively.Fluorine was introduced in the final stages of synthesis by a facile nucleophilic displacement with fluoride ion of the 6α-triflate functions in 8 and 16.The synthetic procedures are suitable for the production of the corresponding positron emitting 18F-labeled analogs 18F-FOXY and 18F-CYCLOFOXY, which may be usefuf for in vivo studies of the opioid receptor system using positron emission transaxial tomography.In addition, the tritiation of FOXY (10) to high specific activity is described
