1077-21-0Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Autoxidation of hydrazones. Some new insights
Harej, Maja,Dolenc, Darko
, p. 7214 - 7221 (2008/02/11)
(Chemical Equation Presented) Autoxidation of hydrazones is a generally occurring reaction, leading mostly to the formation of α- azohydroperoxides. All structural kinds of hydrazones, having at least one hydrogen atom on nitrogen, are prone to autoxidation; however, there are marked differences in the rate of the reaction. Hydrazones of aliphatic ketones are 1-2 orders of magnitude more reactive than analogous derivatives of aromatic ketones. Even less reactive are the hydrazones of chalcones, which function also as efficient inhibitors of autoxidation of other hydrazones. These differences can be attributed to the reduction of the rate of the addition of oxygen to a hydrazonyl radical, which is a reversible reaction. In the case of conjugated ketones, it becomes endothermic, making this elementary step slow down and the chain termination reactions become important. Substituents influence the stability of hydrazonyl radicals and, consequently, the bond dissociation energies of the N-H bonds. In acetophenone phenylhydrazones, the substituents placed on the ring of hydrazine moiety exhibit a higher effect (Hammett ρ = -2.8) than those on the ketone moiety (ρ = -0.82), which denotes higher importance of the structure with spin density concentrated on nitrogen in delocalized hydrazonyl radical. Electronic effects of the substituents also affect the transition state for the abstraction of hydrogen atom by electrophilic peroxy radicals; NBO analysis display a negative charge transfer of about 0.4 eu from hydrazone to a peroxy radical in the transition state.
An easy access to 2-oxohydrazones via electrophilic α-p-tolylhydrazonylation of ketone enolates with tert-butyl p-tolylazo sulfide
Dell'Erba, Carlo,Novi, Marino,Petrillo, Giovanni,Tavani, Cinzia
, p. 11239 - 11248 (2007/10/02)
The title reaction conveniently furnishes, as the sole or main products, α-(p-tolylhydrazono)ketones or their N-methylderivatives (H+ or MeI quenching of the final mixture, respectively). Although the method fails with ketones having a secondary alkyl group bonded to the carbonyl, yields are otherwise more than satisfactory and particular interest is attached to the hydrazonylation of the methyl group in methyl ketones.
