110415-35-5

Upstream product

• 51223-62-2 methyl β-D-galactopyranoside 
• 1125-88-8 benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal 
• 617-04-9 (2R,3S,4S,5S,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol 
• 2774-22-3 2,3-O-diacetyl-(4,6-O-benzylidene)methyl-α-D-mannopyranoside 
• 618-31-5 benzylidene dibromide 
• 73395-15-0 methyl endo(phenyl)-2,3:4,6-di-O-benzylidene-α-D-mannopyranoside 
• 91685-06-2 methyl 2-O-benzoyl-4, 6-O-benzylidene-α-D-mannopyranoside 
• 22277-65-2 Methyl mannoside 
• 3162-96-7 methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-β-D-galactopyranoside 
• 3396-99-4 methyl α-D-galactopyranoside 
• 100-52-7 benzaldehyde 
• 131433-03-9 methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-β-D-galactopyranoside 
• 82430-07-7 (2R,4S,5R)-5-((R)-1-Methoxy-2-oxo-ethoxy)-2-phenyl-[1,3]dioxane-4-carbaldehyde 
• 82430-07-7 (4S,5R)-5-((R)-1-Methoxy-2-oxo-ethoxy)-2-phenyl-[1,3]dioxane-4-carbaldehyde 

Downstream Products

• 74984-87-5 Methyl-4,5-O-benzyliden-2,3-carbonato-α-D-mannopyranosid 
• 120200-50-2 methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2,3-di-O-methyl-α-D-mannopyranoside 
• 7177-79-9 methyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-mannopyranoside 
• 151526-84-0 methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-galactopyranoside 2,3-bis(methanesulfonate) 
• 186539-95-7 methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-3-O-ethyl-α-D-mannopyranoside 
• 65877-24-9 methyl 3-O-allyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-mannopyranoside 
• 4983-69-1 (4aR)-6c-Methoxy-2c-phenyl-(4ar,9at)-hexahydro-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-e][1,4]dioxepin-7ξ,9ξ-diol 
• 216758-62-2 methyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-3-O-(p-methoxybenzyl)-α-D-mannopyranoside 
• 288104-42-7 Phthalic acid 1-((2R,4aR,6S,7S,8S,8aS)-8-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenyl-hexahydro-pyrano[3,2-d][1,3]dioxin-7-yl) ester 2-((2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-triacetoxy-6-phenylsulfanyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-ylmethyl) ester 
• 74984-85-3 methyl-4,6-O-phenylmethylene-2,3-thionocarbonyl-α-D-mannopyranoside 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Sugar-integrated gelators of organic solvents - Their remarkable diversity in gelation ability and aggregate structure

Five 1-O-methyl-4,6-O-benzylidene derivatives of the monosaccharides D-glucose, D-galactose, and D-mannose were synthesized. The β-isomer of the D-glucose derivative was sparingly soluble in most organic solvents, whereas the α-isomer of the D-mannose derivative was soluble in many organic solvents. The α-isomer of the D-glucose derivative and the α- and β-isomers of the D-galactose derivative acted as versatile gelators of various organic solvents; this indicates that saccharides are useful as potential templates for the molecular design of chiral gelators. In particular, the two D-galactose-based gelators behaved as "excellent gelators". It is very surprising that a change in the configuration of only one carbon atom results in such a drastic change in the solubility and the gelation properties. The possible relationship between the saccharide structure and the gelation properties is discussed on the basis of FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopic data, differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, and computational studies. FT-IR spectroscopy showed that the gelation properties are related to the formation of "moderate" intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The SEM observations showed that the gelators can form various fibrous structures (straight, puckered, and helical). The present study shows that this saccharide family is a potential combinatorial library of organic gelators and more generally, of molecular assembly systems.

Sugar-integrated gelators of organic fluids: On their versatility as building-blocks and diversity in superstructures

Three 1-O-methyl-4, 6-O-benzylidene derivatives of monosaccharides (D-glucose, D-galactose and D-mannose) were synthesised: they acted as versatile gelators of various organic fluids, indicating that saccharides are useful as potential building-blocks for

Environmentally benign preparation of benzylidene acetal of carbohydrate derivatives in PEG 600

An environmentally benign preparation of benzylidene acetal of carbohydrate derivatives catalyzed by HClO4-SiO2 in PEG 600 as solvent has been developed. Yields were excellent in every case. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Further evidence for the gelation ability-structure correlation in sugar-based gelators

Eight methyl glycosides of 4,6-O-benzylidene derivatives of the monosaccharides D-glucose, D-mannose, D-allose and D-altrose were synthesized to systematically study the effect of small configurational changes on the ability to gelate organic solvents. Among the β anomers, only the D-mannose glycoside exhibits a strong gelation ability, whereas in the α-series the D-glucose and D-mannose derivatives act as versatile gelators. Also, as a general rule we found that the β anomers possess a higher ability to gelate solvents than the α anomers. The gelation properties are discussed on the basis of SAXS, FTIR, differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. The temperature-dependent SAXS measurements were carried out to elucidate the sol-gel transition temperature. The present study emphasizes that the saccharide family provides, not only valuable information of the structural requirements for the design of new gelators, but also for molecular assembly systems in general.

Exploration of the Fluoride Reactivity of Aryltrifluoroborate on Selective Cleavage of Diphenylmethylsilyl Groups

The first known report on the fluoride catalytic reactivity of potassium aryltrifluoroborate is described. The fluoride reactivity of phenyltrifluoroborate was controlled by substituents on the trifluoroborate-attached benzene, such as the methoxy group a

Acceleration and deceleration factors on the hydrolysis reaction of 4,6-O-benzylidene acetal group

The benzylidene acetal group is one of the most important protecting groups not only in carbohydrate chemistry but also in general organic chemistry. In the case of 4,6-O-benzylidene glycosides, we previously found that the stereochemistry at 4-position altered the reaction rate constant for hydrolysis of benzylidene acetal group. However, a detail of the acceleration or deceleration factor was still unclear. In this work, the hydrolysis reaction of benzylidene acetal group was analyzed using the Arrhenius and Eyring plot to obtain individual parameters for glucosides (Glc), mannosides (Man), and galactosides (Gal). The Arrhenius and Eyring plot indicated that the pre-exponential factor (A) and ΔS? were critical for the smallest reaction rate constant of Gal among nonacetylated substrates. On the other hand, both Ea/ΔH? and A/ΔS? were influential for the smallest reaction rate constant of Gal among diacetylated substrates. All parameters obtained suggested that the rate constant for hydrolysis reaction was regulated by protonation and hydration steps along with solvation. The obtained parameters support wide use of benzylidene acetal group as orthogonal protection of cis- and trans-fused bicyclic systems through the fast hydrolysis of the trans-fused benzylidene acetal group.

Conformational analysis of the disaccharide methyl a-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→3)-2-O-acetyl-β-D-manno-pyranoside monohydrate

The crystal structure of methyl β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→3)-2-O-acetyl-β-d-mannopyranoside monohydrate, C15H26O12.H2O, (II), has been determined and the structural parameters for its constituent β-d-mannopyranosyl residue compared with those for methyl β-d-mannopyranoside. Mono-O-acetylation appears to promote the crystallization of (II), inferred from the difficulty in crystallizing methyl β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-d-mannopyranoside despite repeated attempts. The conformational properties of the O-acetyl side chain in (II) are similar to those observed in recent studies of peracetylated mannose-containing oligosaccharides, having a preferred geometry in which the C2—H2 bond eclipses the C O bond of the acetyl group. The C2—O2 bond in (II) elongates by ≈0.02 ? upon O-acetylation. The phi (φ) and psi () torsion angles that dictate the conformation of the internal O-glycosidic linkage in (II) are similar to those determined recently in aqueous solution by NMR spectroscopy for unacetylated (II) using the statistical program MA'AT, with a greater disparity found for (? = ≈16°) than for φ (? = ≈6°).

Synthesis and O-Glycosidic Linkage Conformational Analysis of 13C-Labeled Oligosaccharide Fragments of an Antifreeze Glycolipid

NMR studies of two 13C-labeled disaccharides and a tetrasaccharide were undertaken that comprise the backbone of a novel thermal hysteresis glycolipid containing a linear glycan sequence of alternating [βXylp-(1→4)-βManp-(1→4)]n dimers. Experimental trans-glycoside NMR J-couplings, parameterized equations obtained from density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and an in-house circular statistics package (MA'AT) were used to derive conformational models of linkage torsion angles φ and ψ in solution, which were compared to those obtained from molecular dynamics simulations. Modeling using different probability distribution functions showed that MA'AT models of φ in βMan(1→4)βXyl and βXyl(1→4)βMan linkages are very similar in the disaccharide building blocks, whereas MA'AT models of ψ differ. This pattern is conserved in the tetrasaccharide, showing that linkage context does not influence linkage geometry in this linear system. Good agreement was observed between the MA'AT and MD models of ψ with respect to mean values and circular standard deviations. Significant differences were observed for φ, indicating that revision of the force-field employed by GLYCAM is probably needed. Incorporation of the experimental models of φ and ψ into the backbone of an octasaccharide fragment leads to a helical amphipathic topography that may affect the thermal hysteresis properties of the glycolipid.

Binding of the Bacterial Adhesin FimH to Its Natural, Multivalent High-Mannose Type Glycan Targets

Multivalent carbohydrate-lectin interactions at host-pathogen interfaces play a crucial role in the establishment of infections. Although competitive antagonists that prevent pathogen adhesion are promising antimicrobial drugs, the molecular mechanisms underlying these complex adhesion processes are still poorly understood. Here, we characterize the interactions between the fimbrial adhesin FimH from uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains and its natural high-mannose type N-glycan binding epitopes on uroepithelial glycoproteins. Crystal structures and a detailed kinetic characterization of ligand-binding and dissociation revealed that the binding pocket of FimH evolved such that it recognizes the terminal α(1-2)-, α(1-3)-, and α(1-6)-linked mannosides of natural high-mannose type N-glycans with similar affinity. We demonstrate that the 2000-fold higher affinity of the domain-separated state of FimH compared to its domain-associated state is ligand-independent and consistent with a thermodynamic cycle in which ligand-binding shifts the association equilibrium between the FimH lectin and the FimH pilin domain. Moreover, we show that a single N-glycan can bind up to three molecules of FimH, albeit with negative cooperativity, so that a molar excess of accessible N-glycans over FimH on the cell surface favors monovalent FimH binding. Our data provide pivotal insights into the adhesion properties of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains to their target receptors and a solid basis for the development of effective FimH antagonists.

Structure-Based Design of a Monosaccharide Ligand Targeting Galectin-8

Galectin-8 is a β-galactoside-recognising protein that has a role in the regulation of bone remodelling and is an emerging new target for tackling diseases with associated bone loss. We have designed and synthesised methyl 3-O-[1-carboxyethyl]-β-d-galacto