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115103-54-3

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115103-54-3 Usage

Description

Different sources of media describe the Description of 115103-54-3 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Tiagabine is a second- generation antiepileptic drug (AED) known under the proprietary brand name of Gabitril? (Teva, Petah Tikva, Israel) in the UK and USA.
2. Gabitril was launched in Denmark for use as an add-on therapy in patients refractory to other epilepsy therapies. The compound can be synthesized in five steps beginning with a bis-thiophenyl ketone derivative to produce the (R)-(-)- enantiomer. Its anti-epileptic activity resides in its potent and selective inhibition of GABA synaptosomal uptake. Tiagabine is selective for the GAT-1 GABA transporter in neurons and glia thus enhancing inhibitory GABAergic transmission. Because it has practically no effect on other uptake or receptor systems, it has a reduced potential for neurological side-effects. In particular, it does not have the benzodiazepine-like sedative effects. It is able to cross the blood brain barrier and is considered the most potent GABA uptake inhibitor known.

Generic formulation

MHRA/ CHM advice to minimize risk when switching patients with epilepsy between different manufacturers’ products (including generic products): It is usually unnecessary to ensure that patients are maintained on a specific manufacturer’s product unless there are specific concerns, such as patient anxiety and risk of confusion/ dosing error.

Indications

Epilepsy: adjunctive therapy for focal seizures with or without secondary generalization that are not satisfactorily controlled by other AEDs. Recommendations summarized from NICE (2012) Seizure types: on referral to tertiary care (focal seizures), contraindicated (generalized tonic- clonic seizures, tonic/ atonic seizures, absence seizures, myoclonic seizures). Epilepsy types: on referral to tertiary care (benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes, panayiotopoulos syndrome, late- onset childhood occipital epilepsy), contraindicated (absence syndromes, idiopathic generalized epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, Dravet syndrome, Lennox– Gastaut syndrome).

Dose titration

Epilepsy— adjunctive therapy (with enzyme- inducing AEDs): 5–10 mg daily divided into 1 or 2 doses for 7 days, then increased by 5–10 mg daily every 7 days; usual maintenance 30– 45 mg daily divided into 2 or 3 doses. Epilepsy— adjunctive therapy (without enzyme- inducing AEDs): 5–10 mg daily divided into 1 or 2 doses for 7 days, then increased by 5–10 mg daily every 7 days; usual maintenance 30– 45 mg daily divided into 2–3 doses.

Plasma levels monitoring

The inter- individual variation in liver metabolism makes Tiagabine a strong candidate for therapeutic drug monitoring. A broad reference range of 20– 200 ng/ mL has been proposed, however, the relatively short half- life of Tiagabine under most conditions means that care must be taken in drawing blood for therapeutic drug monitoring. The high binding to serum proteins further suggests that measurement of free drug concentrations may be useful. However, there has been little investigation of the relationship between serum/ plasma concentrations and therapeutic efficacy.

Cautions

Patients with acute porphyrias. Patients with absence, myoclonic, tonic and atonic seizures (risk of exacerbation).

Adverse effects

Tiagabine can be associated with adverse effects at the level the nervous system and other systems.

Interactions

With AEDs AEDs that induce hepatic enzymes (such as carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, and primidone) enhance the metabolism of tiagabine: the plasma concentration of tiagabine may be reduced by a factor .5– 3 by concomitant use of these AEDs. Tiagabine reduces the plasma concentration of valproate by about 0% (this is not considered clinically important and does not warrant a dose modification). With other drugs Cimetidine increases the bioavailability of tiagabine by about 5% (this is not considered clinically important and does not warrant a dose modification). The combination of tiagabine with St John Wort (Hypericum perforatum) may lead to lower exposure and loss of efficacy of tiagabine, due to the potent induction of CYP3A4 by St John Wort, resulting in increased tiagabine metabolism. Therefore, the combination of tiagabine with St John’s Wort is contraindicated. With alcohol/food There are no known specific interactions between alcohol and tiagabine and there are no specific foods that must be excluded from diet when taking tiagabine. Administration with food results in a decreased rate and not extent of absorption

Special populations

Hepatic impairment Reduce dose, prolong the dose interval, or both, in mild to moderate impairment. Avoid in severe impairment. Renal impairment Renal insufficiency does not affect the pharmacokinetics of Tiagabine, therefore its dosage does not need to be modified. Pregnancy Clinical experience of the use of tiagabine in pregnant women is limited and no information on tiagabine during breastfeeding is available. Therefore, as a precautionary measure, it is preferable not to use tiagabine during pregnancy or breast- feeding unless the potential benefits of treatment outweigh the potential risks. In case of tiagabine treatment during pregnancy, the dose should be monitored carefully and adjustments made on a clinical basis.

Behavioural and cognitive effects in patients with epilepsy

Treatment with tiagabine has often been associated with depression and irritability. Results from randomized double- blind, controlled trials with tiagabine as adjunctive treatment have confirmed the incidence of psychiatric problems, which can be mild- to- moderate in severity and can be reported more frequently by patients with a personal history of affective disorders, or in case of rapid initial titration. Tiagabine is characterized by a good profile in terms of cognitive adverse effects, with mild effects on concentration and memory, which can be minimized by slow initial titration.

Psychiatric use

Tiagabine has no approved indications in psychiatry and there is no conclusive evidence for its efficacy in the treatment of any behavioural problems.

Chemical Properties

White to Off-White Crystalline Solid

Originator

Novo Nordisk (Denmark)

Uses

A GABA uptake inhibitor

Definition

ChEBI: A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydroc loride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy.

Manufacturing Process

A solution of 34 ml of n-butyl lithium in 30 ml of anhydrous ether was cooled to -65°C under nitrogen and 5.3 ml of 3-methyl-2-bromothiophene in 10 ml anhydrous ether was added dropwise over a period of 10 min. The reaction mixture was stirred at -65°C for 1 h and 2.7 ml of ethyl 4-bromo-butyrate in 10 ml of anhydrous ether was added slowly. The reaction was stirred for 4 h while the temperature raised to -20°C, 20 ml water was added, and the mixture was stirred for 5 min after which the aqueous layer was removed. The ether layer was washed with 20 ml of water, and the combined aqueous phases were extracted with 50 ml of ether. The combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, which after evaporation yielded 9 g of 1- bromo-4,4-bis(3-methylthien-2-yl)but-3-ene as an oil. This compound was without further purification used for coupling with ethyl nipecotate. A suspension of 5.0 g of 1-bromo-4,4-bis(3-methylthien-2-yl)but-3-ene, 3.4 g of nipecotic acid ethyl ester and 3.3 g of potassium carbonate in 150 ml of dry acetone was kept under reflux for 15 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated and, after addition of 30 ml of water, the resulting solution was extracted twice with 50 ml of ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate extracts were dried and evaporated leaving 7.3 g of an oil. By column chromatography on silica gel using methanol as eluent, N-(4,4-bis(3-methylthien-2-yl)but-3-enyl)nipecotic acid ethyl ester was isolated. 5.3 g of N-(4,4-bis(3-methylthien-2-yl)but-3-enyl)nipecotic acid ethyl ester was dissolved in 100 ml of ethanol and 200 ml of an 8 N sodium hydroxide solution was added. The mixture was heated at reflux for 1 h, cooled and acidified by adding 10% hydrochloric acid. The resulting solution was evaporated and 100 ml of water was added to the residue. The resulting acid solution was extracted with ethyl acetate and the dried extract was evaporated to give (R)-N-(4,4-bis(3-methylthien-2-yl)but-3-enyl)nipecotic acid hydrochloride, melting point 187°-189°C.

Brand name

Gabitril

Therapeutic Function

Antiepileptic

Biological Functions

Tiagabine (Gabitril) blocks the reuptake of GABA into neurons and glia, thereby resulting in higher levels of GABA in the synaptic cleft. The ability to increase GABA concentrations is presumed to be involved in the effectiveness of tiagabine in the treatment of seizure disorders. It is primarily used in the treatment of partial complex seizures.Adverse effects of tiagabine administration include dizziness, somnolence, nervousness, nausea, and confusion.

General Description

A glance at tiagabine’s structure suggests anuptake inhibitor. Reportedly, it blocks GABA reuptake asa major mode of its anticonvulsant activity. Its use isagainst partial seizures. Inhibitors of GABA transporter-1(GAT-1 inhibitors) increase extracellular GABA concentrationin the hippocampus, striatum, and cortex, therebyprolonging the inhibitory action of GABA released synaptically.Nipecotic acid is a potent inhibitor of GABA reuptakeinto synaptosomal membranes, neurons, and glialcells. However, nipecotic acid fails to cross the blood-brainbarrier following systemic administration because of itshigh degree of ionization. Tiagabine, marketed as thesingle R(-)-enantiomer, a potent GAT-1 inhibitor structurallyrelated to nipecotic acid, has an improved ability tocross the blood-brain barrier, and it has recently receivedFood and Drug Administration (FDA) approval as anAED.It is well absorbed and readily metabolized byCYP3A4 to an inactive metabolite, 5-oxo-tiagabine (oxidationof the thiophen ring) or eliminated as glucuronide ofthe parent molecule.Over 90% of tiagabine is metabolized by CYP3A4isozymes.The primary site of metabolic attack is the oxidationof the thiophen rings leading to 5-oxo-tiagabine thatlacks anticonvulsant activity and the glucuronidation via thecarboxylic function. Thus, the plasma concentrations oftiagabine would be greatly effected by any compound thatinduces or inhibits CYP3A4.

Mechanism of action

Tiagabine is a nipecotic acid derivative with an improved ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. It was rationally designed to be a GABA uptake inhibitor based on the fact that nipecotic acid (piperidine-3-carboxylic acid) inhibits GABA uptake by glial cells. Tiagabine binds to the GABA transporter GAT1, blocking the uptake of GABA into both neurons and glia, thus enhancing GABA-mediated inhibition. Tiagabine is presently approved for adjunct use in patients with epilepsy who are older than 12 years and have partial seizures not controlled by first-line drugs.

Pharmacokinetics

Tiagabine is well absorbed, with an oral bioavailability of 90 to 95%. It displays linear pharmacokinetics, with a plasma half-life of 5 to 8 hours, necessitating a multiple daily dosing regimen. It also is highly protein bound (96%). The major pathway of metabolism for tiagabine is oxidation by CYP3A4, followed by glucuronidation. Its pharmacokinetics are altered by the coadministration of enzyme-inducing AEDs, even though tiagabine does not appear to induce or inhibit hepatic microsomal metabolizing enzymes.

Clinical Use

Antiepileptic

Side effects

Side effects are more common with tiagabine than with other adjunct drugs and most often involve the CNS. They include somnolence, headache, dizziness, tremor, abnormal thinking, depression, and psychosis. Furthermore, recent reports have implicated tiagabine in the development of nonconvulsive status epilepticus. There is an increased risk of seizure in patients being treated for off-label psychiatric indications. Tiagabine may interfere with visual color perception. Tiagabine does not affect the hepatic metabolism of other AEDs, but its half-life is decreased by enzyme-inducing AEDs, such as CBZ, phenytoin, and barbiturates. Other CYP3A4-inducing drugs may act similarly. Valproate decreases the protein binding of tiagabine. increasing its plasma concentration in these patients. Hepatic disease causes decreased clearance of tiagabine, and a dose reduction may be required. Renal disease does not affect elimination.

Drug interactions

Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs Antidepressants: antagonism of anticonvulsant effect with SSRIs, tricyclics and MAOIs (convulsive threshold lowered); avoid with St John’s wort. Antiepileptics: concentration reduced by phenytoin, carbamazepine and phenobarbital. Antimalarials: mefloquine antagonises anticonvulsant. Antipsychotics: anticonvulsant effect antagonised. Orlistat: possibly increased risk of convulsions.

Metabolism

Tiagabine has negligible renal clearance. Hepatic metabolism is the principle route for elimination of tiagabine. Less than 2% of the dose is excreted unchanged in urine and faeces. No active metabolites have been identified.

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 115103-54-3 includes 9 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 6 digits, 1,1,5,1,0 and 3 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 5 and 4 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 115103-54:
(8*1)+(7*1)+(6*5)+(5*1)+(4*0)+(3*3)+(2*5)+(1*4)=73
73 % 10 = 3
So 115103-54-3 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C20H25NO2S2/c1-14-7-11-24-18(14)17(19-15(2)8-12-25-19)6-4-10-21-9-3-5-16(13-21)20(22)23/h6-8,11-12,16H,3-5,9-10,13H2,1-2H3,(H,22,23)/t16-/m1/s1

115103-54-3SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 19, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 19, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name tiagabine

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names no328

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only.
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:115103-54-3 SDS

115103-54-3Synthetic route

ethyl (R)-1-<4,4-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)-3-butenyl>-3-piperidinecarboxylate
145821-58-5

ethyl (R)-1-<4,4-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)-3-butenyl>-3-piperidinecarboxylate

tiagabine
115103-54-3

tiagabine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride In water90%
With hydrogenchloride In water90%
With hydrogenchloride In water86%
With hydrogenchloride In water86%
With sodium hydroxide In ethanol for 4h; Ambient temperature;
tiagabine hydrochloride

tiagabine hydrochloride

tiagabine
115103-54-3

tiagabine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydrogencarbonate In water at 20℃; for 3h; Product distribution / selectivity;
With sodium hydroxide In water pH=6; Product distribution / selectivity; Aqueous phosphate buffer; Sonographic reaction; No light exposure;
Stage #1: tiagabine hydrochloride With sodium hydroxide In dichloromethane; water at 20℃; for 1 - 2.5h;
Stage #2: With sodium hydrogencarbonate In dichloromethane; water at 20℃; for 1 - 2h; Product distribution / selectivity;
2-bromo-3-methylthiophene
14282-76-9

2-bromo-3-methylthiophene

tiagabine
115103-54-3

tiagabine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 6 steps
1: 1.) Mg / 1.) Et2O, 1 h, 2.) Et2O, 1 h
2: 76 percent / MnO2 / CH2Cl2 / 16 h / Ambient temperature
3: 1.) Mg / 1.) THF, reflux, 0.5 h, 2.) THF, reflux, 1.5 h
4: 46 percent / 48percent aq. HBr / acetic acid / 1.5 h / 10 °C
5: 50 percent / KI, K2CO3 / acetone / 44 h / Ambient temperature
6: 12 M aq. NaOH / ethanol / 4 h / Ambient temperature
View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps
1: 1.) n-BuLi / 1.) Et2O, 10 deg C, 15 min, 2.) Et2O, -70 deg C, 2.5 h
2: 20percent aq. H2SO4 / propan-2-ol / 3 h / Ambient temperature
3: 50 percent / KI, K2CO3 / acetone / 44 h / Ambient temperature
4: 12 M aq. NaOH / ethanol / 4 h / Ambient temperature
View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 6 steps
1.1: magnesium / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 35 °C
1.2: 2 h / 0 °C / Reflux
2.1: hydrogenchloride / water; methanol / 1 °C / Reflux
3.1: triethylamine / diethyl ether / 1 h
4.1: potassium iodide; potassium carbonate / acetone / 120 h / 20 °C
5.1: sodium hydroxide / water; methanol / 2 h / 20 - 50 °C
6.1: hydrogen; C63H78IrNOP(2+)*C32H12BF24(1-) / methanol / 12 h / 60 °C / 4560.31 Torr / Autoclave
View Scheme
3-methyl-2-thiophenecarboxaldehdye
5834-16-2

3-methyl-2-thiophenecarboxaldehdye

tiagabine
115103-54-3

tiagabine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 6 steps
1: 1.) Mg / 1.) Et2O, 1 h, 2.) Et2O, 1 h
2: 76 percent / MnO2 / CH2Cl2 / 16 h / Ambient temperature
3: 1.) Mg / 1.) THF, reflux, 0.5 h, 2.) THF, reflux, 1.5 h
4: 46 percent / 48percent aq. HBr / acetic acid / 1.5 h / 10 °C
5: 50 percent / KI, K2CO3 / acetone / 44 h / Ambient temperature
6: 12 M aq. NaOH / ethanol / 4 h / Ambient temperature
View Scheme
bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)methanone
30717-55-6

bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)methanone

tiagabine
115103-54-3

tiagabine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps
1: 1.) Mg / 1.) THF, reflux, 0.5 h, 2.) THF, reflux, 1.5 h
2: 46 percent / 48percent aq. HBr / acetic acid / 1.5 h / 10 °C
3: 50 percent / KI, K2CO3 / acetone / 44 h / Ambient temperature
4: 12 M aq. NaOH / ethanol / 4 h / Ambient temperature
View Scheme
bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)methanol
148319-25-9

bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)methanol

tiagabine
115103-54-3

tiagabine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 5 steps
1: 76 percent / MnO2 / CH2Cl2 / 16 h / Ambient temperature
2: 1.) Mg / 1.) THF, reflux, 0.5 h, 2.) THF, reflux, 1.5 h
3: 46 percent / 48percent aq. HBr / acetic acid / 1.5 h / 10 °C
4: 50 percent / KI, K2CO3 / acetone / 44 h / Ambient temperature
5: 12 M aq. NaOH / ethanol / 4 h / Ambient temperature
View Scheme
2-[4-bromo-1-(3-methylthien-2-yl)but-1-enyl]-3-methylthiophene
109857-81-0

2-[4-bromo-1-(3-methylthien-2-yl)but-1-enyl]-3-methylthiophene

tiagabine
115103-54-3

tiagabine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: 50 percent / KI, K2CO3 / acetone / 44 h / Ambient temperature
2: 12 M aq. NaOH / ethanol / 4 h / Ambient temperature
View Scheme
cyclopropylbis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)methanol
148319-26-0

cyclopropylbis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)methanol

tiagabine
115103-54-3

tiagabine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1: 46 percent / 48percent aq. HBr / acetic acid / 1.5 h / 10 °C
2: 50 percent / KI, K2CO3 / acetone / 44 h / Ambient temperature
3: 12 M aq. NaOH / ethanol / 4 h / Ambient temperature
View Scheme
4-Bromo-1,1-bis-(3-methyl-thiophen-2-yl)-butan-1-ol
922184-80-3

4-Bromo-1,1-bis-(3-methyl-thiophen-2-yl)-butan-1-ol

tiagabine
115103-54-3

tiagabine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1: 20percent aq. H2SO4 / propan-2-ol / 3 h / Ambient temperature
2: 50 percent / KI, K2CO3 / acetone / 44 h / Ambient temperature
3: 12 M aq. NaOH / ethanol / 4 h / Ambient temperature
View Scheme
4,4-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)-3-buten-1-ol
847233-27-6

4,4-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)-3-buten-1-ol

tiagabine
115103-54-3

tiagabine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps
1: triethylamine / diethyl ether / 1 h
2: potassium iodide; potassium carbonate / acetone / 120 h / 20 °C
3: sodium hydroxide / water; methanol / 2 h / 20 - 50 °C
4: hydrogen; C63H78IrNOP(2+)*C32H12BF24(1-) / methanol / 12 h / 60 °C / 4560.31 Torr / Autoclave
View Scheme
1-(4,4-bis(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)but-3-en-1-yl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid

1-(4,4-bis(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)but-3-en-1-yl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid

tiagabine
115103-54-3

tiagabine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With C63H78IrNOP(2+)*C32H12BF24(1-); hydrogen In methanol at 60℃; under 4560.31 Torr; for 12h; Autoclave; enantioselective reaction;n/a
arecoline hydrobromide
300-08-3

arecoline hydrobromide

tiagabine
115103-54-3

tiagabine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps
1: potassium carbonate; water / 0.5 h / 20 °C
2: potassium iodide; potassium carbonate / acetone / 120 h / 20 °C
3: sodium hydroxide / water; methanol / 2 h / 20 - 50 °C
4: hydrogen; C63H78IrNOP(2+)*C32H12BF24(1-) / methanol / 12 h / 60 °C / 4560.31 Torr / Autoclave
View Scheme
1-(1-chloroethyl) 3-methyl 5,6-dihydropyridine-1,3(2H)-dicarboxylate
92600-27-6

1-(1-chloroethyl) 3-methyl 5,6-dihydropyridine-1,3(2H)-dicarboxylate

tiagabine
115103-54-3

tiagabine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps
1.1: methanol / 2 h / Reflux
1.2: 0.5 h
2.1: potassium iodide; potassium carbonate / acetone / 120 h / 20 °C
3.1: sodium hydroxide / water; methanol / 2 h / 20 - 50 °C
4.1: hydrogen; C63H78IrNOP(2+)*C32H12BF24(1-) / methanol / 12 h / 60 °C / 4560.31 Torr / Autoclave
View Scheme
norarecoline
495-19-2

norarecoline

tiagabine
115103-54-3

tiagabine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1: potassium iodide; potassium carbonate / acetone / 120 h / 20 °C
2: sodium hydroxide / water; methanol / 2 h / 20 - 50 °C
3: hydrogen; C63H78IrNOP(2+)*C32H12BF24(1-) / methanol / 12 h / 60 °C / 4560.31 Torr / Autoclave
View Scheme
1,1-bis(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)butane-1,4-diol
847233-26-5

1,1-bis(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)butane-1,4-diol

tiagabine
115103-54-3

tiagabine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 5 steps
1: hydrogenchloride / water; methanol / 1 °C / Reflux
2: triethylamine / diethyl ether / 1 h
3: potassium iodide; potassium carbonate / acetone / 120 h / 20 °C
4: sodium hydroxide / water; methanol / 2 h / 20 - 50 °C
5: hydrogen; C63H78IrNOP(2+)*C32H12BF24(1-) / methanol / 12 h / 60 °C / 4560.31 Torr / Autoclave
View Scheme
4,4-bis(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)but-3-en-1-yl methanesulfonate
847233-13-0

4,4-bis(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)but-3-en-1-yl methanesulfonate

tiagabine
115103-54-3

tiagabine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1: potassium iodide; potassium carbonate / acetone / 120 h / 20 °C
2: sodium hydroxide / water; methanol / 2 h / 20 - 50 °C
3: hydrogen; C63H78IrNOP(2+)*C32H12BF24(1-) / methanol / 12 h / 60 °C / 4560.31 Torr / Autoclave
View Scheme
methyl 1-(4,4-bis(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)but-3-en)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate

methyl 1-(4,4-bis(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)but-3-en)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate

tiagabine
115103-54-3

tiagabine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: sodium hydroxide / water; methanol / 2 h / 20 - 50 °C
2: hydrogen; C63H78IrNOP(2+)*C32H12BF24(1-) / methanol / 12 h / 60 °C / 4560.31 Torr / Autoclave
View Scheme
tiagabine
115103-54-3

tiagabine

tiagabine hydrobromide
1006863-69-9

tiagabine hydrobromide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen bromide In di-isopropyl ether; ethyl acetate; acetonitrile at 20℃; Product distribution / selectivity;94%
tartaric acid
87-69-4

tartaric acid

tiagabine
115103-54-3

tiagabine

tiagabine tartrate

tiagabine tartrate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In methanol; acetonitrile Product distribution / selectivity;91%
In tetrahydrofuran; dichloromethane; isopropyl alcohol at 20℃; for 48h; Product distribution / selectivity;
tiagabine
115103-54-3

tiagabine

tiagabine hydrochloride

tiagabine hydrochloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride In dichloromethane; water at 20℃; for 1h;90%
With hydrogenchloride In methanol; dichloromethane; chloroform at 3℃; for 24h;
malic acid
617-48-1

malic acid

tiagabine
115103-54-3

tiagabine

tiagabine dl-malate

tiagabine dl-malate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In methanol; ethyl acetate; acetonitrile at 20℃; for 1h; Product distribution / selectivity;77%
In tetrahydrofuran; dichloromethane; isopropyl alcohol at 20℃; for 48h; Product distribution / selectivity;
D-(+)-camphoric acid
124-83-4

D-(+)-camphoric acid

tiagabine
115103-54-3

tiagabine

tiagabine camphorate

tiagabine camphorate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In methanol; acetonitrile Product distribution / selectivity;68%
In methanol; dichloromethane at 20℃; for 48h; Product distribution / selectivity;
D-Malic acid
636-61-3

D-Malic acid

tiagabine
115103-54-3

tiagabine

tiagabine d-malate

tiagabine d-malate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In methanol; ethyl acetate; acetonitrile at 20℃; for 1h;32%
D-tartaric acid
147-71-7

D-tartaric acid

tiagabine
115103-54-3

tiagabine

tiagabine tartrate

tiagabine tartrate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In methanol; acetonitrile at 20℃; Product distribution / selectivity;
In dichloromethane; ethyl acetate; acetone at 20℃; for 48h; Product distribution / selectivity;

115103-54-3Downstream Products

115103-54-3Relevant articles and documents

Iridium-catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation of unsaturated heterocyclic acids

Song, Song,Zhu, Shou-Fei,Pu, Liu-Yang,Zhou, Qi-Lin

, p. 6072 - 6075 (2013/07/05)

Spiral binding: A highly enantioselective hydrogenation of unsaturated heterocyclic acids has been developed by using chiral iridium/spirophosphino oxazoline catalysts (see scheme; BArF-=tetrakis[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate, Boc=tert-butoxycarbonyl). This reaction provided an efficient method for the preparation of optically active heterocyclic acids with excellent enantioselectivities. Copyright

MODIFIED FORM OF THE R(-)-N-(4,4-DI(3-METHYLTHIEN-2-YL)BUT-3-ENYL)-NIPECOTIC ACID HYDROCHLORIDE

-

, (2008/06/13)

-

The Synthesis of Novel GABA Uptake Inhibitors. 1. Elucidation of the Structure-Activity Studies Leading to the Choice of (R)-1--3-piperidinecarboxylic Acid (Tiagabine) as an Anticonvulsant Drug Candidate

Andersen, Knud Erik,Braestrup, Claus,Groenwald, Frederik C.,Joergensen, Anker S.,Nielsen, Erik B.,et al.

, p. 1716 - 1725 (2007/10/02)

A series of different synthetic approaches to novel GABA uptake inhibitors are described, leading to examples which are derivatives of nipecotic acid and guvacine, substituted at nitrogen by 4,4-diaryl-3-butenyl or 2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl moieties.The in vitro value for inhibition of 3H>-GABA uptake in rat synaptosomes was determined for each compound.It was found that the most potent examples are those having a substituent in an "ortho" position in one or both aromatic/heteroatomic groups.The majority of the compounds described are structurally related to tiagabine, (R)-1--3-piperidinecarboxylic acid hydrochloride (NNC 05-0328) and some of the reasoning behind the selection of this compound as a drug candidate is summarized.

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