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617-48-1

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Basic information
1. Product Name: Malic acid
2. Synonyms: DL-Hydroxysuccinic acid;DL-2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid;DL-Apple acid;
3. CAS NO:617-48-1
4. Molecular Formula: C₄H₆O₅
5. Molecular Weight: 134.08744
6. EINECS: 210-514-9
7. Product Categories: N/A
8. Mol File: 617-48-1.mol
9. Article Data: 154
Chemical Properties
1. Melting Point: 130-132℃
2. Boiling Point: 306.4oC at 760 mmHg
3. Flash Point: 203oC
4. Appearance: /
5. Density: 1.641 g/cm3
6. Vapor Pressure: 7.19E-05mmHg at 25°C
7. Refractive Index: N/A
8. Storage Temp.: N/A
9. Solubility: N/A
10. Water Solubility: 558 g/L (20℃)
11. CAS DataBase Reference: Malic acid(CAS DataBase Reference)
12. NIST Chemistry Reference: Malic acid(617-48-1)
13. EPA Substance Registry System: Malic acid(617-48-1)
Safety Data
1. Hazard Codes: Xi:Irritant;
2. Statements: R22:; R34:; R42/43:;
3. Safety Statements: S26:; S37/39:;
4. WGK Germany:
5. RTECS:
6. HazardClass: N/A
7. PackingGroup: N/A
8. Hazardous Substances Data: 617-48-1(Hazardous Substances Data)

Suppliers
Usage
SDS
Synthetic route
Upstream product
Downstream Products

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Product	FOB Price	Min.Order	Supply Ability	Supplier
DL-Malic acid Cas No: 617-48-1	USD $ 3.0-3.0 / Kilogram	1 Kilogram	1-100 Metric Ton/Month	Dayang Chem (Hangzhou) Co.,Ltd.	Contact Supplier
Malic acid Cas No: 617-48-1	No Data	1 Kilogram	20000 Metric Ton/Year	EAST CHEMSOURCES LIMITED	Contact Supplier
Factory price DL Malic acid/L Malic acid /cas 617-48-1 Cas No: 617-48-1	No Data	No Data	2000 Metric Ton/Month	Hefei TNJ chemical industry co.,ltd	Contact Supplier
DL- malic acid Cas No: 617-48-1	No Data	5 Metric Ton	20,000 Metric Ton/Year	Hebei Lead Bio-Chemicals Co., Ltd.	Contact Supplier
Food Additive Acidulant Dl-Malic Acid with High Quality From China Cas No: 617-48-1	USD $ 2.0-3.5 / Metric Ton	1 Metric Ton	5000 Metric Ton/Month	Xiamen Xixiang Supply Chain Co,Ltd	Contact Supplier
High purity malic acid with high quality cas:617-48-1 Cas No: 617-48-1	USD $ 3.0-5.0 / Kilogram	1 Kilogram	99999 Kilogram/Year	Hangzhou Dingyan Chem Co., Ltd	Contact Supplier
High quality Dl-Malic Acid supplier in China Cas No: 617-48-1	No Data	1 Metric Ton	30 Metric Ton/Month	Simagchem Corporation	Contact Supplier
Cosmetic Raw Material- Skin 99% alpha hydroxy acid/Alpha Hydroxy Acid powder Cas No: 617-48-1	USD $ 18.8-23.8 / Kilogram	100 Kilogram	100000000 Kilogram/Year	Xi'an Quanao Biotech Co., Ltd.	Contact Supplier
DL-Malic Acid CAS#617-48-1 Cas No: 617-48-1	USD $ 2200.0-2200.0 / Kilogram	1 Kilogram	50 Metric Ton/Month	ORCHID CHEMICAL SUPPLIES LTD	Contact Supplier
Factory Supply DL-malic acid Cas No: 617-48-1	No Data	1	1	Ality Chemical Corporation	Contact Supplier

617-48-1 Usage

InChI:InChI=1/C4H6O5/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h2,5H,1H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/p-2/t2-/m1/s1

617-48-1SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 14, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 14, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name	dl-Hydroxybutanedioic acid

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number	-
Other names	hydroxysuccinic acid

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses	For industry use only. Processing Aids and Additives
Uses advised against	no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number	-
Service hours	Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:617-48-1 SDS

617-48-1Synthetic route

: 110-16-7
maleic acid

A: 109-99-9
tetrahydrofuran

B: 96-48-0
4-butanolide

C: 67-56-1
methanol

D: 110-63-4
Butane-1,4-diol

E: 617-48-1
malic acid

F: 110-15-6
succinic acid

G: 64-19-7
acetic acid

H: 71-36-3
butan-1-ol

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; 0.5percent Pd on Rutile TiO2 at 110℃; Product distribution / selectivity;	A 0.45% B 0.06% C 0% D 0.21% E 0.36% F 98.73% G 0.04% H 0.08%

: 110-17-8
(2E)-but-2-enedioic acid

: 617-48-1
malic acid

Conditions	Yield
With sodium; iron	97%
With water at 150 - 200℃;
With sodium hydroxide; water at 100℃;

: 97-99-4
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol

: 150-90-3
sodium succinate

A: 617-48-1
malic acid

B: (tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethoxy)butanedioic acid

Conditions	Yield
With lanthanum(III) chloride at 116℃; for 19h; Product distribution; also with other alcohols; variation of reaction time, temperature and proportion of reagents;	A 3% B 95%

: 67-56-1
methanol

: 16090-09-8, 17229-80-0, 29126-50-9
lithium succinate

A: 617-48-1
malic acid

B: 1726-80-3
2-methoxy succinic acid

Conditions	Yield
With lanthanum(III) chloride; trimethyl orthoformate In water at 150℃; for 6h;	A 1.5 % Chromat. B 91%

: 110-16-7
maleic acid

A: 109-99-9
tetrahydrofuran

B: 96-48-0
4-butanolide

C: 110-63-4
Butane-1,4-diol

D: 591-81-1
4-hydroxybutanoic acid

E: 617-48-1
malic acid

F: 110-15-6
succinic acid

G: 64-19-7
acetic acid

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; 0.5percent Pd/2.0percent Re on Rutile TiO2 at 110℃; Product distribution / selectivity;	A 1.27% B 4.78% C 1.55% D 1.24% E 0.48% F 90.6% G 0.08%

: 110-16-7
maleic acid

A: 109-99-9
tetrahydrofuran

B: 96-48-0
4-butanolide

C: 110-63-4
Butane-1,4-diol

D: 617-48-1
malic acid

E: 110-15-6
succinic acid

F: 64-19-7
acetic acid

G: 71-36-3
butan-1-ol

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; 0.5percent Pd on Rutile TiO2 at 110℃; for 96 - 238h; Product distribution / selectivity;	A 0.6% B 0.04% C 0.62% D 0.19% E 88.49% F 0.12% G 0.11%

: 110-16-7
maleic acid

A: 109-99-9
tetrahydrofuran

B: 96-48-0
4-butanolide

C: 110-63-4
Butane-1,4-diol

D: 591-81-1
4-hydroxybutanoic acid

E: 617-48-1
malic acid

F: 110-15-6
succinic acid

G: 100-21-0
terephthalic acid

H: 64-19-7
acetic acid

I: 802294-64-0
propionic acid

J: 110-17-8
(2E)-but-2-enedioic acid

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; 0.5percent Pd/0.2percent Re on Rutile TiO2 at 110℃; for 170 - 1009h; Product distribution / selectivity;	A 0.86% B 4.34% C 0.28% D 1.24% E 0% F 85.51% G 0% H 0.04% I 0% J 0%

: 1631-28-3
N-p-tolylphenylmaleimide

: 617-48-1
malic acid

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: N-p-tolylphenylmaleimide With potassium carbonate; isopropyl alcohol for 1h; oxa-Michael addition; Heating; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride; acetic acid for 10h; Heating;	85%

: 98-01-1
furfural

A: 617-48-1
malic acid

B: 110-16-7
maleic acid

Conditions	Yield
With dihydrogen peroxide; acetic acid; 5 weight percent methyltrioxorhenium on polystyrene In water at 20℃; Product distribution / selectivity;	A 9% B 84%

: 108-31-6
maleic anhydride

A: 617-48-1
malic acid

B: 110-17-8
(2E)-but-2-enedioic acid

Conditions	Yield
With water at 190℃; for 1h; Temperature; Concentration; Time; Sealed tube; Green chemistry;	A n/a B 72%

: 64-17-5
ethanol

: 16090-09-8, 17229-80-0, 29126-50-9
lithium succinate

A: 617-48-1
malic acid

B: 1726-75-6
(R,S)-ethoxybutanedioic acid

Conditions	Yield
With lanthanum(III) chloride; trimethyl orthoformate In water at 175℃; for 24h;	A 15.5 % Chromat. B 70%

: 98-01-1
furfural

A: 88-14-2
2-furanoic acid

B: 617-48-1
malic acid

C: 110-16-7
maleic acid

Conditions	Yield
With dihydrogen peroxide; methyltrioxorhenium(VII) In dichloromethane; water; acetonitrile at 20℃;	A 10% B 8% C 66%

: 98-01-1
furfural

A: 14032-66-7
5-hydroxy-2-(5H)-furanone

B: 64-18-6
formic acid

C: 617-48-1
malic acid

D: 110-16-7
maleic acid

Conditions	Yield
With dihydrogen peroxide In water at 49.84℃; for 24h; Catalytic behavior; Temperature; Concentration;	A n/a B n/a C n/a D 57%

: 67-47-0
5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfuraldehyde

A: 79-14-1
glycolic Acid

B: 617-48-1
malic acid

C: 110-16-7
maleic acid

Conditions	Yield
With dihydrogen peroxide; methyltrioxorhenium(VII) In water; acetic acid at 20℃;	A 55% B 29% C 14%

: 98-01-1
furfural

A: 88-14-2
2-furanoic acid

B: 617-48-1
malic acid

C: 110-15-6
succinic acid

D: 110-16-7
maleic acid

Conditions	Yield
With dihydrogen peroxide; methyltrioxorhenium(VII) In ethanol; water at 20℃; Product distribution / selectivity;	A 20% B 6% C 8% D 49%
With dihydrogen peroxide; 5 weight percent methyltrioxorhenium on polystyrene In dichloromethane; water; acetonitrile at 20℃; Product distribution / selectivity;	A 10% B 11% C 10% D 44%
With dihydrogen peroxide; methyltrioxorhenium(VII) In water at 20℃; Product distribution / selectivity;	A 12% B 6% C 26% D 44%

: potassium bisulfite

: 923-06-8, 584-98-5
bromosuccinic acid

A: 617-48-1
malic acid

B: 5138-18-1
sulfosuccinic acid

C: 110-17-8
(2E)-but-2-enedioic acid

Conditions	Yield
heating, 18 h;	A n/a B 40% C n/a
heating, 18 h;	A n/a B 40% C n/a

: 98-01-1
furfural

A: 14032-66-7
5-hydroxy-2-(5H)-furanone

B: 88-14-2
2-furanoic acid

C: 64-18-6
formic acid

D: 617-48-1
malic acid

E: 110-15-6
succinic acid

F: 497-23-4
2-buten-4-olide

G: 110-16-7
maleic acid

Conditions	Yield
With dihydrogen peroxide at 49.84℃; for 24h;	A n/a B n/a C n/a D n/a E 38% F 26% G 19.7%
With dihydrogen peroxide In water at 49.84℃; for 3h;	A n/a B n/a C n/a D n/a E 12.2% F 16.9% G 7.3%

: 98-01-1
furfural

A: 14032-66-7
5-hydroxy-2-(5H)-furanone

B: 88-14-2
2-furanoic acid

C: 64-18-6
formic acid

D: 617-48-1
malic acid

E: 110-15-6
succinic acid

F: 497-23-4
2-buten-4-olide

G: 110-16-7
maleic acid

H: 110-17-8
(2E)-but-2-enedioic acid

Conditions	Yield
With sulfuric acid; dihydrogen peroxide In water at 49.84℃; for 3h; Reagent/catalyst;	A n/a B n/a C n/a D n/a E 9.1% F 16.6% G 34.4% H 5.8%

: 67-47-0
5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfuraldehyde

A: 79-14-1
glycolic Acid

B: 6338-41-6
5-hydroxymethyl-furan-2-carboxylic acid

C: 617-48-1
malic acid

D: 110-15-6
succinic acid

E: 110-16-7
maleic acid

Conditions	Yield
With dihydrogen peroxide; methyltrioxorhenium(VII) In ethanol; water at 20℃;	A 23% B 6% C 11% D 16% E 29%

: 124-38-9
carbon dioxide

: 127-17-3
2-oxo-propionic acid

: 617-48-1
malic acid

Conditions	Yield
With mercaptoethyl alcohol; tris(2,2’-bipyridine)ruthenium(II); Tris buffer; Paraquat; nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; sodium hydrogencarbonate; manganese(ll) chloride In water under 767.6 Torr; for 8h; Irradiation; ferredoxin-NADP(1+) reductase, malic enzyme;	24%
With Tris buffer; Paraquat; NADP; 2-hydroxyethanethiol; cadmium(II) sulphide at 25℃; for 5h; Mechanism; Product distribution; Irradiation; malic enzyme, ferredoxin-NADP+-reductase; other photocatalyst;
With mercaptoethyl alcohol; tris(2,2’-bipyridine)ruthenium(II); malic enzyme; ferredoxin-NADP(+) reductase; Tris buffer; Paraquat; nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; sodium hydrogencarbonate; manganese(ll) chloride In water under 767.6 Torr; Mechanism; Product distribution; Irradiation; rate of CO2 fixation as a function of illumination time;
With tris(2,2’-bipyridine)ruthenium(II); 1.9E-4 M MV(2+); NADP+; sodium hydrogencarbonate; 2-hydroxyethanethiol; manganese(ll) chloride; malic enzyme In water Irradiation;
With Tris buffer; Paraquat; NADP; 2-hydroxyethanethiol; cadmium(II) sulphide at 25℃; Irradiation; malic enzyme, ferredoxin-NADP+-reductase;

: 110-16-7
maleic acid

A: 617-48-1
malic acid

B: 110-17-8
(2E)-but-2-enedioic acid

Conditions	Yield
With water; palladium(II) bis(phosphine)monosulphide at 100℃; for 24h;	A 7% B 8%

: 110-16-7
maleic acid

: 617-48-1
malic acid

Conditions	Yield
With water for 0.333333h; argon plasma-jet;	5.5%

: 6628-21-3
ethyl 2,3-dichloropropionate

: 64-17-5
ethanol

: 151-50-8
potassium cyanide

A: 617-48-1
malic acid

B: 110-17-8
(2E)-but-2-enedioic acid

Conditions	Yield
man kocht das Produkt mit Aetzkali;

: 13159-46-1
4,4,4-trichloro-3-hydroxybutyric acid

: 617-48-1
malic acid

Conditions	Yield
With potassium hydroxide
With potassium hydroxide

: 70-47-3
L-asparagine

A: 617-48-1
malic acid

B: 110-15-6
succinic acid

C: 64-19-7
acetic acid

D: 110-17-8
(2E)-but-2-enedioic acid

Conditions	Yield
bei der Einw. von Bac.fluorescens; Produkt5:Kohlendioxyd;

: 97-67-6
(S)-Malic acid

A: 617-48-1
malic acid

B: 110-17-8
(2E)-but-2-enedioic acid

Conditions	Yield
Gleichgewicht;

: 16045-92-4
chlorosuccinic acid

A: 617-48-1
malic acid

B: 110-17-8
(2E)-but-2-enedioic acid

Conditions	Yield
Dinatriumsalz reagiert.Hydrolysis; l(-)-chlorosuccinic acid;

: 923-06-8, 584-98-5
bromosuccinic acid

: 617-48-1
malic acid

Conditions	Yield
With water
With water; silver(l) oxide
With quinoline; water
With TlOH; water

: 923-06-8, 584-98-5
bromosuccinic acid

A: 617-48-1
malic acid

B: 5138-18-1
sulfosuccinic acid

Conditions	Yield
With potassium disulphite; water at 100℃;
With potassium disulphite; water at 100℃; inactive sulfosuccinic acid;

: 20629-30-5
iodo-succinic acid

: 617-48-1
malic acid

Conditions	Yield
With silver(l) oxide des Lacton entsteht;
With silver(l) oxide des Lacton entsteht;

: 617-48-1
malic acid

: 77-76-9
2,2-dimethoxy-propane

: 114458-03-6
5(R,S)-Carboxymethyl-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-1,3-dioxolane

Conditions	Yield
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid	100%
With pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate at 20℃; for 32h;	90.7%
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In dichloromethane at 25℃; for 4h;	52.4%

: 617-48-1
malic acid

: 1115-70-4
metformin hydrochloride

: metformin malate (2:1)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: metformin hydrochloride With sodium hydroxide In water; acetonitrile at 20℃; Stage #2: malic acid In water; acetonitrile at 20℃; Product distribution / selectivity;	100%
Stage #1: metformin hydrochloride With sodium hydroxide In tetrahydrofuran; water at 20℃; Stage #2: malic acid In water; acetone at 20℃; Product distribution / selectivity;	100%
Stage #1: metformin hydrochloride With sodium hydroxide In water; acetonitrile at 20℃; Stage #2: malic acid In water; acetonitrile at 20℃; Product distribution / selectivity;	100%

: 617-48-1
malic acid

: 71125-38-7
meloxicam

: meloxicam:DL-malic acid

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran for 0.5h;	100%
In tetrahydrofuran Product distribution / selectivity;

: 141-86-6
2,6-Diaminopyridine

: 617-48-1
malic acid

: 1931-44-8
2-amino-8H-7-oxo-[1,8]-naphthyridine

Conditions	Yield
With sulfuric acid at 110℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere; Cooling with ice;	100%
With sulfuric acid at 80 - 90℃; for 3h;	92%
Stage #1: 2.6-diaminopyridine; malic acid With sulfuric acid at 110℃; Inert atmosphere; Cooling with ice; Stage #2: With ammonium hydroxide In water pH=8; Cooling with ice;	87%

: 617-48-1
malic acid

: (2S,4S)-1 [2-[[(3aR,6aS)-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl]amino]acetyl]-4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile

: (2S,4S)-1-[2-[[(3aR,6aS)-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl]amino]acetyl]-4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrogen malate

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol; dichloromethane at 20℃; for 2h;	100%

: 617-48-1
malic acid

: 154323-57-6
almotriptan

: 181183-52-8
almotriptan malate

Conditions	Yield
In methanol for 1h; Product distribution / selectivity; Reflux;	99.51%
In methanol at 40℃;	93%
In methanol at 20 - 40℃; for 2h; Large scale;	93%

: 617-48-1
malic acid

: 1130137-76-6
(R,Z)-2-(5-fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-5-(2-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)-3-methyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-one

: 1130138-22-5
(R,Z)-2-(5-fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-5-(2-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-yl-propyl)-3-methyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-one malate

Conditions	Yield
In methanol; water; acetonitrile at 20 - 50℃; Darkness;	99%

: 617-48-1
malic acid

: 11113-50-1
boric acid

: potassium hydroxide

: K[B[malate]2]

Conditions	Yield
In water at 95℃;	99%

: 446292-08-6
2-({(5S)-2-oxo-3-[4-(3-oxo-4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl}methyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione

: 617-48-1
malic acid

: 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one malic acid

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 2-({(5S)-2-oxo-3-[4-(3-oxo-4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl}methyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione With methylamine In ethanol; water at 60℃; for 2h; Stage #2: malic acid In ethanol; water	98.8%

: 141-86-6
2,6-Diaminopyridine

: 617-48-1
malic acid

: 1931-44-8
2-amino-7-hydroxy-1,8-naphthyridine

Conditions	Yield
With sulfuric acid at 0 - 120℃; for 12h;	98%
With sulfuric acid at 110℃; for 3h;	97%
With sulfuric acid at 110℃; for 3h; Cooling with ice;	97%

: 141-86-6
2,6-Diaminopyridine

: 617-48-1
malic acid

: 49655-93-8
2,7-dihydroxy-1,8-naphthyridine

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 2.6-diaminopyridine; malic acid With sulfuric acid at 110℃; Stage #2: With sodium nitrite at 0 - 5℃; Cooling with ice;	98%

: 617-48-1
malic acid

: 107534-96-3
tebuconazole

: (RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-[(1H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ium)-1-ylmethyl]pentan-3-ol malate

Conditions	Yield
In methanol at 20℃;	98%

: 617-48-1
malic acid

: 482-20-2, 25908-92-3, 101984-34-3, 111408-21-0
(R)-tylophorine

A: tylophorine malate

B: C4H6O5*C24H27NO4

Conditions	Yield
In methanol; dichloromethane at 20℃;	A 98% B 97%

: 617-48-1
malic acid

: 1044642-88-7
tegaserod

: 3-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylmethylene)-N-pentylcarbazimidamide malate

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol at 20 - 60℃;	97.6%

: 3-fluoropyridine-2,6-diamine

: 617-48-1
malic acid

: 7-amino-6-fluoro-1,8-naphthyridin-2(1H)-one

Conditions	Yield
With sulfuric acid at 115℃; for 1h;	97%

: 25908-92-3
2,3,6,7-Tetramethoxy-9,10,11,12,12a,13-hexahydro-9a-aza-cyclopenta[b]triphenylene

: 617-48-1
malic acid

: 1203657-55-9
NK-007

Conditions	Yield
In methanol; chloroform at 40 - 45℃;	97%
In methanol; chloroform	97%
In methanol; chloroform at 40 - 50℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere;

: 41744-75-6
isostearyl Alcohol

: 617-48-1
malic acid

: diisostearyl malate

Conditions	Yield
In n-heptane at 100 - 120℃; for 6h; Inert atmosphere;	97%
In n-heptane at 100 - 120℃; for 8h; Inert atmosphere;	374 g

: 617-48-1
malic acid

: 100-51-6
benzyl alcohol

: 4-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxy-4-oxobutanoic acid

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: malic acid With trifluoroacetic anhydride at 0℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: benzyl alcohol at 20℃; for 4h; Inert atmosphere;	96.7%

: 617-48-1
malic acid

: 110-17-8
(2E)-but-2-enedioic acid

Conditions	Yield
	96%
In neat (no solvent) at 200℃; for 4h; Inert atmosphere;	96.6%
at 180℃; for 4h; Temperature; Inert atmosphere;	88%

: 617-48-1
malic acid

: 1044642-88-7
tegaserod

: 3-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-ylmethylene)-N-pentylcarbazimidamide hydrogenmalate

Conditions	Yield
In isopropyl alcohol at 20 - 75℃; for 20h;	96.3%

: 302-17-0
chloral hydrate

: 617-48-1
malic acid

: 5050-56-6
Chloralide of malic acid

Conditions	Yield
With sulfuric acid	96%
With sulfuric acid at 20℃; -chloralide;

: 67-56-1
methanol

: 617-48-1
malic acid

: 38115-87-6
malic acid dimethyl ester

Conditions	Yield
With hydroxy-substituted sulfonic acid-functionalized silica (HO-SAS) at 110℃; Fischer-Speier Esterification; Flow reactor;	96%
With acetyl chloride at 20℃; Esterification;	90%
With carbon dioxide at 180℃; under 20686.5 Torr; for 5h;	86.3%

: 617-48-1
malic acid

: 630-19-3
pivalaldehyde

: (2RS,5RS)-5-bromo-2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-5-acetic acid

Conditions	Yield
With sulfuric acid; toluene-4-sulfonic acid In pentane for 36h; Heating;	96%

: 118-71-8
Maltol

: 617-48-1
malic acid

: 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone/malic acid 1:1 cocrystals

Conditions	Yield
In methanol at 64℃; for 1h;	96%

: 617-48-1
malic acid

: 3040-38-8
Acetyl-L-carnitine

: 1351564-17-4
acetyl-L-carnitine malate

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol at 0℃; for 2h; Product distribution / selectivity;	95.51%

: 617-48-1
malic acid

: 100-51-6
benzyl alcohol

: 56977-10-7
dibenzyl 2-hydroxysuccinate

Conditions	Yield
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In benzene for 4h; Heating;	95%
With 5-sulfosalicylic Acid In benzene

617-48-1Upstream product

617-48-1Downstream Products

1041-00-5 Fluorescent Brightener 135

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