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Upstream product

• 81290-20-2 (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane 
• 192182-55-1 (1-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)boronic acid 
• 837392-62-8 1-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indole 
• 13523-92-7 1-methyl-1H-indol-5-ol 
• 100846-24-0 5-trifluoromethyl-1H-indole 
• 74-88-4 methyl iodide 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Cross-Coupling through Ag(I)/Ag(III) Redox Manifold

In ample variety of transformations, the presence of silver as an additive or co-catalyst is believed to be innocuous for the efficiency of the operating metal catalyst. Even though Ag additives are required often as coupling partners, oxidants or halide scavengers, its role as a catalytically competent species is widely neglected in cross-coupling reactions. Most likely, this is due to the erroneously assumed incapacity of Ag to undergo 2e? redox steps. Definite proof is herein provided for the required elementary steps to accomplish the oxidative trifluoromethylation of arenes through AgI/AgIII redox catalysis (i. e. CEL coupling), namely: i) easy AgI/AgIII 2e? oxidation mediated by air; ii) bpy/phen ligation to AgIII; iii) boron-to-AgIII aryl transfer; and iv) ulterior reductive elimination of benzotrifluorides from an [aryl-AgIII-CF3] fragment. More precisely, an ultimate entry and full characterization of organosilver(III) compounds [K]+[AgIII(CF3)4]? (K-1), [(bpy)AgIII(CF3)3] (2) and [(phen)AgIII(CF3)3] (3), is described. The utility of 3 in cross-coupling has been showcased unambiguously, and a large variety of arylboron compounds was trifluoromethylated via [AgIII(aryl)(CF3)3]? intermediates. This work breaks with old stereotypes and misconceptions regarding the inability of Ag to undergo cross-coupling by itself.

Nickel-Mediated Trifluoromethylation of Phenol Derivatives by Aryl C?O Bond Activation

The increasing pharmaceutical importance of trifluoromethylarenes has stimulated the development of more efficient trifluoromethylation reactions. Tremendous efforts have focused on copper- and palladium-mediated/catalyzed trifluoromethylation of aryl halides. In contrast, no general method exists for the conversion of widely available inert electrophiles, such as phenol derivatives, into the corresponding trifluoromethylated arenes. Reported herein is a practical nickel-mediated trifluoromethylation of phenol derivatives with readily available trimethyl(trifluoromethyl)silane (TMSCF3). The strategy relies on PMe3-promoted oxidative addition and transmetalation, and CCl3CN-induced reductive elimination. The broad utility of this transformation has been demonstrated through the direct incorporation of trifluoromethyl into aromatic and heteroaromatic systems, including biorelevant compounds.

Site-Selective 1,1-Difunctionalization of Unactivated Alkenes Enabled by Cationic Palladium Catalysis

A palladium(II)-catalyzed 1,1-difunctionalization of unactivated terminal and internal alkenes via addition of two nucleophiles was developed using a cationic palladium(II) complex. The palladacycle generated in situ as a result of a regioselective addition of a nucleophile to the alkene can readily undergo regioselective β-hydride elimination and migratory insertion with a cationic palladium catalyst. The resulting η3-π-allyl palladium(II) complex is the key intermediate that reacts with a second nucleophile to furnish the desired 1,1-difunctionalization of the alkene. Under the optimized reaction conditions, a wide range of indoles and anilines add to alkene units of 3-butenoic or 4-pentenoic acid derivatives to afford the synthetically useful γ,γ- or δ,δ-difunctionalized products with excellent regiocontrol. Furthermore, by employing internal hydroxyl or acid groups and external carbon nucleophiles, this transformation enables unsymmetric 1,1-difunctionalization to forge challenging and important oxo quaternary carbon centers. Combining experiments and DFT calculations on the mechanism of the reaction is investigated in detail.

Site-Selective 1,1-Difunctionalization of Unactivated Alkenes Enabled by Cationic Palladium Catalysis

A palladium(II)-catalyzed 1,1-difunctionalization of unactivated terminal and internal alkenes via addition of two nucleophiles was developed using a cationic palladium(II) complex. The palladacycle generated in situ as a result of a regioselective addition of a nucleophile to the alkene can readily undergo regioselective β-hydride elimination and migratory insertion with a cationic palladium catalyst. The resulting η 3-π-allyl palladium(II) complex is the key intermediate that reacts with a second nucleophile to furnish the desired 1,1-difunctionalization of the alkene. Under the optimized reaction conditions, a wide range of indoles and anilines add to alkene units of 3-butenoic or 4-pentenoic acid derivatives to afford the synthetically useful γ,γ-or ?,?-difunctionalized products with excellent regiocontrol. Furthermore, by employing internal hydroxyl or acid groups and external carbon nucleophiles, this transformation enables unsymmetric 1,1-difunctionalization to forge challenging and important oxo quaternary carbon centers. Combining experiments and DFT calculations on the mechanism of the reaction is investigated in detail.

α7 NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR MODULATORS AND USES THEREOF - III

The present invention relates to chemical compounds useful in the positive modulation of the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR).

Oxidative trifluoromethylation of arylboronates with shelf-stable potassium (trifluoromethyl)trimethoxyborate

Introducing CF3: Arylboronic acid pinacol esters are converted into the corresponding benzotrifluorides with the easy-to-use one-component trifluoromethylating reagent potassium (trifluoromethyl)trimethoxyborate, mediated by copper acetate under an oxygen atmosphere (see scheme). Copyright

Room temperature aryl trifluoromethylation via copper-mediated oxidative cross-coupling

A method for the room temperature copper-mediated trifluoromethylation of aryl and heteroaryl boronic acids has been developed. This protocol is amenable to normal benchtop setup and reactions typically require only 1-4 h. Proceeding under mild conditions, the method tolerates a range of functional groups, allowing access to a variety of trifluoromethylarenes.