13380-32-0Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Ni(II)-Catalyzed Highly Stereo- and Regioselective Syntheses of Isoindolinones and Isoquinolinones from in Situ Prepared Aldimines Triggered by Homoallylation/Lactamization Cascade
Karmakar, Raju,Suneja, Arun,Bisai, Vishnumaya,Singh, Vinod K.
, p. 5650 - 5653 (2015)
An efficient route to isoindolinones and isoquinolinones has been achieved via a domino Ni-catalyzed homoallylation/lactamization from in situ prepared imines, derived from o-formyl benzoates and o-formyl arylacetates, with conjugated dienes promoted by diethylzinc. The reaction proceeds smoothly at room temperature for a variety of aldehydes, amines, and dienes. The method involves one C-C and two C-N bond forming events under operationally simple conditions.
Synthesis of α,β-unsaturated lactams by palladium-catalysed intramolecular carbonylative coupling
Crisp, Geoffrey T.,Meyer, Adam G.
, p. 5585 - 5596 (1995)
Amino vinyl triflates have been shown to undergo an intramolecular, carbonylative coupling in the presence of a palladium catalyst to afford α,β-unsaturated lactams.
Isoindolinones via a room temperature palladium nanoparticle-catalysed 3-component cyclative carbonylation-amination cascade
Grigg, Ronald,Zhang, Lixin,Collard, Simon,Keep, Ann
, p. 6979 - 6982 (2003)
A room temperature 3-component cascade process involving nucleophilic substitution/carbonylation/amination, catalysed by palladium nanoparticles generated in situ from palladacycle 5, affords isoindolinones in good yields. The conversions correlate with the pKa values of the amines.
Electroselective and Controlled Reduction of Cyclic Imides to Hydroxylactams and Lactams
Bai, Ya,Shi, Lingling,Zheng, Lianyou,Ning, Shulin,Che, Xin,Zhang, Zhuoqi,Xiang, Jinbao
supporting information, p. 2298 - 2302 (2021/04/05)
An efficient and practical electrochemical method for selective reduction of cyclic imides has been developed using a simple undivided cell with carbon electrodes at room temperature. The reaction provides a useful strategy for the rapid synthesis of hydroxylactams and lactams in a controllable manner, which is tuned by electric current and reaction time, and exhibits broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance even to reduction-sensitive moieties. Initial mechanistic studies suggest that the approach heavily relies on the utilization of amines (e.g., i-Pr2NH), which are able to generate α-aminoalkyl radicals. This protocol provides an efficient route for the cleavage of C-O bonds under mild conditions with high chemoselectivity.
Tunable System for Electrochemical Reduction of Ketones and Phthalimides
Chen, Gong,Qiao, Tianjiao,Wang, Yaxin,Zhang, Jian,Zhao, Jianyou
, p. 3297 - 3302 (2021/10/14)
Herein, we report an efficient, tunable system for electrochemical reduction of ketones and phthalimides at room temperature without the need for stoichiometric external reductants. By utilizing NaN3 as the electrolyte and graphite felt as both the cathode and the anode, we were able to selectively reduce the carbonyl groups of the substrates to alcohols, pinacols, or methylene groups by judiciously choosing the solvent and an acidic additive. The reaction conditions were compatible with a diverse array of functional groups, and phthalimides could undergo one-pot reductive cyclization to afford products with indolizidine scaffolds. Mechanistic studies showed that the reactions involved electron, proton, and hydrogen atom transfers. Importantly, an N3/HN3 cycle operated as a hydrogen atom shuttle, which was critical for reduction of the carbonyl groups to methylene groups.
Chemoselective Electrosynthesis Using Rapid Alternating Polarity
Baran, Phil S.,Carlson, Ethan,Edwards, Jacob T.,Hayashi, Kyohei,Kawamata, Yu,Saito, Masato,Shaji, Shobin,Simmons, Bryan J.,Waldmann, Dirk,Zapf, Christoph W.
supporting information, p. 16580 - 16588 (2021/10/20)
Challenges in the selective manipulation of functional groups (chemoselectivity) in organic synthesis have historically been overcome either by using reagents/catalysts that tunably interact with a substrate or through modification to shield undesired sites of reactivity (protecting groups). Although electrochemistry offers precise redox control to achieve unique chemoselectivity, this approach often becomes challenging in the presence of multiple redox-active functionalities. Historically, electrosynthesis has been performed almost solely by using direct current (DC). In contrast, applying alternating current (AC) has been known to change reaction outcomes considerably on an analytical scale but has rarely been strategically exploited for use in complex preparative organic synthesis. Here we show how a square waveform employed to deliver electric current - rapid alternating polarity (rAP) - enables control over reaction outcomes in the chemoselective reduction of carbonyl compounds, one of the most widely used reaction manifolds. The reactivity observed cannot be recapitulated using DC electrolysis or chemical reagents. The synthetic value brought by this new method for controlling chemoselectivity is vividly demonstrated in the context of classical reactivity problems such as chiral auxiliary removal and cutting-edge medicinal chemistry topics such as the synthesis of PROTACs.
One-pot method to construct isoindolinones and its application to the synthesis of DWP205109 and intermediate of Lenalidomide
Liu, Jinbiao,Lu, Bowei,Lu, Junrui,Wang, Hongbo,Xie, Zhiqiang,Zhong, Kaikai
, (2021/06/07)
Herein a practical and efficient system for concise synthesis of isoindolinones is described by using substituted methyl 2-(halomethyl)benzoates and substituted amines. Structurally various methyl 2-(halomethyl)benzoates and amines were transformed into isoindolinones 80–99% yield and purity in catalyst-free and solvent-free conditions. The method has a wide substrate scope. The synthetic utility of the one-pot reaction was demonstrated by the concise syntheses of Lenalidomide intermediate and DWP205190.
Visible-Light-Induced Controlled Oxidation of N-Substituted 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinolines for the Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-ones and Isoquinolin-1(2H)-ones
Bansode, Ajay H.,Suryavanshi, Gurunath
supporting information, p. 1390 - 1400 (2021/01/26)
A visible light-rose bengal-TBHP mediated, controlled oxidation of N-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines is developed for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-ones and isoquinolin-1(2H)-ones. The present method feature's a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerances, and the products were prepared in good to excellent yields. The developed methodology further demonstrated in the synthesis of isoindolo[2,1-b] isoquinolin-5(7H)-one (topoisomerase-I inhibitor). (Figure presented.).
BF3·Et2O as a metal-free catalyst for direct reductive amination of aldehydes with amines using formic acid as a reductant
Fan, Qing-Hua,Liu, Xintong,Luo, Zhenli,Pan, Yixiao,Xu, Lijin,Yang, Ji,Yao, Zhen,Zhang, Xin
supporting information, p. 5205 - 5211 (2021/07/29)
A versatile metal- and base-free direct reductive amination of aldehydes with amines using formic acid as a reductant under the catalysis of inexpensive BF3·Et2O has been developed. A wide range of primary and secondary amines and diversely substituted aldehydes are compatible with this transformation, allowing facile access to various secondary and tertiary amines in high yields with wide functional group tolerance. Moreover, the method is convenient for the late-stage functionalization of bioactive compounds and preparation of commercialized drug molecules and biologically relevant N-heterocycles. The procedure has the advantages of simple operation and workup and easy scale-up, and does not require dry conditions, an inert atmosphere or a water scavenger. Mechanistic studies reveal the involvement of imine activation by BF3and hydride transfer from formic acid.
Metal-Free Cascade Formation of Intermolecular C-N Bonds Accessing Substituted Isoindolinones under Cathodic Reduction
Zou, Zirong,Cai, Genuo,Chen, Weihao,Zou, Canlin,Li, Yamei,Wu, Hongting,Chen, Lu,Hu, Jinhui,Li, Yibiao,Huang, Yubing
, p. 15777 - 15784 (2021/11/17)
An electrochemical protocol for the construction of substituted isoindolinones via reduction/amidation of 2-carboxybenzaldehydes and amines has been realized. Under metal-free and external-reductant-free electrolytic conditions, the reaction achieves the cascade formation of intermolecular C-N bonds and provides a series of isoindolinones in moderate to good yields. The deuterium-labeling experiment proves that the hydrogen in the methylene of the product is mainly provided by H2O in the system.
