13760-79-7

Usage

Uses

1. Used in Glass Doping:
Thulium trifluoride is used as a dopant in the glass industry to enhance specific properties of the material. The addition of thulium trifluoride can improve the optical and physical characteristics of the glass, making it suitable for various applications.
2. Used to enhance mid-IR emission in Oxyfluoride Glass Ceramics:
In the field of optical materials, thulium trifluoride is utilized to boost the mid-infrared (mid-IR) emission in oxyfluoride glass-ceramics. This enhancement is crucial for applications that require efficient mid-IR light emission, such as in sensors, communication systems, and medical equipment.
3. Used to improve Ultraviolet and Visible Upconversion Fluorescence in Fluorinated Glasses:
Thulium trifluoride is also employed to enhance the upconversion fluorescence in fluorinated glasses, particularly in the ultraviolet and visible light spectrum. Upconversion fluorescence is a process where a material absorbs low-energy photons and re-emits them at higher energy levels. This property is valuable in various applications, including bioimaging, solar energy conversion, and optical data storage.

InChI:InChI=1/FH.Tm/h1H;/q;+3/p-1

Upstream product

• 7681-49-4 sodium fluoride 
• 13709-36-9 xenon difluoride 
• 7790-91-2 chlorine trifluoride 
• 14041-47-5 thulium 
• 7782-41-4 fluorine 
• 7664-39-3 hydrogen fluoride 
• 7790-79-6 cadmium(II) fluoride 
• 7787-71-5 bromine trifluoride 
• 7783-60-0 sulfur tetrafluoride 
• 2551-62-4 sulfur(VI) hexafluoride 
• 920006-93-5 thullium(III) trifluoroacetate trihydrate 

Downstream Products

• 14041-47-5 thulium 
• 36781-15-4 terbium tetrafluoride 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

VAPORIZATION REACTIONS IN THE THULIUM - FLUORINE SYSTEM.

The vaporization and sublimation reactions for the thulium - fluorine system were investigated by mass-loss, X-ray powder diffraction and elemental analysis techniques. Thulium trifluoride was reduced only partially by elemental thulium; a reduced stoichiometric fluoride could not be isolated. Partially reduced TmF//3 decomposes upon heating to a metal-rich vapor and a trifluoride-enriched residue. By a target collection Knudsen effusion method, equilibrium vapor pressures were determined for the reaction TmF//3 (s,l) equals TmF//3 (g). The derived thermodynamic values are compared with those of other lanthanide fluoride systems.

Crystal structures, phase-transition, and photoluminescence of rare earth carbodiimides

Rare earth carbodiimides with the general formula RE2(CN 2)3 crystallize with two modifications. A monoclinic (C2/m) modification is obtained for RE = Y, Ce-Tm and a rhombohedral (R3c) modification for RE = Tm-Lu. The space group R3c is confirmed by single-crystal structure determination on Lu2(CN2)3 and indexed powder patterns of RE = Tm, Yb and Lu. The use of diverse chemical syntheses conditions for Tm2(CN2)3 revealed the dimorphic character of this compound. In addition, pressure experiments on Tm2(CN2)3 have induced a phase-transition from rhombohedral to monoclinic. This transformation comprises an increase of the coordination number of Tm from 6 to 7, and a unit-cell volume reduction in the order of 20 %. The photoluminescence behavior of lanthanide doped Gd 2(CN2)3:Ln samples is presented with different activators (Ln = Ce, Tb) revealing a broad band emission of Gd 2(CN2)3:Ce, quite similar to that of the well-known YAG:Ce.

Synthesis and optical properties of non-stoichiometric lanthanide (Sm, Eu, Tm, Yb) fluorides

Nonstoichiometric samarium, europium, ytterbium, and thulium fluorides were prepared by reduction of the corresponding trifluorides with the same lanthanide metal or silicon. Crystal lattice type and lattice parameters of the compounds were determined by

Thulium(III) trifluoroacetates Tm(CF3COO)3 ? 3H2O and Tm2(CF3COO)6 ? 2CF3COOH ? 3H2O: Synthesis and crystal structure

Thulium trifluoroacetate compounds have been synthesized, Tm(CF 3COO)3 ? 3H2O (I) and Tm 2(CF3COO)6 ? 2CF3COOH ? 3H2O (II). The structure of I has been refined by the Rietveld method on the basis of the structural data for Cd(CF3COO) 3 ? 3H2O. The structure of II has been solved in a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. Compound I has been studied by thermal analysis. Crystals of I and II are monoclinic: for I a = 9.062(2) ?, b = 18.678(3) ?, c = 9.687(2) ?, β = 113.93(1)°, Z = 2, space group P21/c, R 1 = 0.062; for II a = 8.560(4) ?, b = 19.866(5) ?, c = 20.813(7) ?, β = 101.69(4)°, Z = 8, space group C2/c, R 1 = 0.0392. In the molecular structure of I, thulium atoms are bonded in pairs through four bridging trifluoroacetate anions to form dimers. The coordination polyhedron of the thulium atom also includes the three O atoms of the water molecules and the O atom of the monodentate trifluoroacetate group; the coordination number of the thulium atom is eight. In the chain structure of II, there are two crystallographically independent thulium atoms with coordination numbers 8 and 9. The coordination polyhedra of the Tm(1) and Tm(2) atoms are a distorted monocapped tetragonal antiprism and a distorted tetragonal antiprism, respectively. The Tm-O bond lengths are in the range 2.28(1)-2.85(2) ?. The thulium atoms are bound into chains through carboxylate groups. These chains are linked into layers through hydrogen bonds. Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2006.

Crystal chemical study of the high-temperature phase R(O,F)1.93±δ with R = Tm, Yb and Lu. Professor Dr. Georg Brauer on the occasion of his 90th birthday

The crystal chemistry of the non-stoichiometric compounds R(O,F)x with R = Tm, Yb, and Lu with x≈1.93±0.02, which are formed by peritectoid reaction of R2O3 with RF3 at ca. 900 K, ca. 950 K and 1076 K, respectively, has been studied by X-ray powder diffraction (Guinier method). Samples of the common composition R(O,F)1.93, which were obtained by quenching from 1375±15 K to room temperature, displayed diffraction patterns of a rather complex superstructure based on the fluorite-related parent structure. The corresponding body-centered basis structure with Z = 2 was found to be orthorhombic with the following lattice parameters: R a(angstroms) b(angstroms) c(angstroms), Tm 3.7508(2) 5.3772(3) 3.8210(2), Yb 3.7341 (2) 5.3609(4) 3.8129(3), Lu 3.7008(2) 5.3371 (4)3.8170(2). This type of compound could not be found in the system Er-O-F. It is therefore concluded that its existence is restricted to the systems with R = Tm, Yb, Lu and Sc, which are characterized by the occurrence of the monoclinic, baddeleyite-type modification of stoichiometric ROF. It could be shown that for the Tm-O-F system the parent structure formula volumes of the orthorhombic vernier phase Tm(O,F)2.11, cubic α-TmOF and orthorhombic Tm(O,F)1.93 depend approximately linearly on composition. The question, whether monoclinic baddeleyite-related TmOF, which has been described in the literature, exists as a thermodynamically stable compound, is tentatively discussed.

Infrared spectra and quantum chemical calculations of the bridge-bonded HC(F)LnF2 (Ln = La-Lu) complexes

Lanthanide metal atoms, produced by laser ablation, were condensed with CHF3 (CDF3) in excess argon or neon at 4 K, and new infrared absorptions are assigned to the oxidative addition product fluoromethylene lanthanide difluoride complex on the basis of deuterium substitution and density functional theory frequency calculations. Two dominant bands in the 500 cm-1 region are identified as metal-fluorine stretching modes. A band in the mid-600 cm-1 region is diagnostic for the unusual fluorine bridge bond C-(F)-Ln. Our calculations show that most of the bridged HC(F)LnF2 structures are 3-6 kcal/mol lower in energy than the open CHF-LnF2 structures, which is in contrast to the open structures observed for the corresponding CH2-LnF2 methylene lanthanide difluorides. Argon-to-neon matrix shifts are 15-16 cm -1 to the blue for stretching of the almost purely ionic Ln-F bonds, as expected, but 10 cm-1 to the red for the bridge C-(F)-Ln stretching mode, which arises because Ar binds more strongly to the electropositive Ln center, decreasing the bridge bonding, and thus allowing a higher C-F stretching frequency.

Optically active uniform potassium and lithium rare earth fluoride nanocrystals derived from metal trifluroacetate precursors

This paper reports the first systematical synthesis of near-monodisperse potassium and lithium rare earth (RE) fluoride (K(Li)REF4) nanocrystals with diverse shapes (cubic KLaF4 and KCeF4 wormlike nanowires, nanocubes and

Hydrothermal synthesis of rare-earth fluoride nanocrystals

In this paper, a hydrothermal synthetic route has been developed to prepare a class of rare-earth fluoride nanocrystals, which have shown gradual changes in growth modes with decreasing ionic radii and may serve as a model system for studying the underlying principle in the controlled growth of rare-earth nanocrystals. Furthermore, we demonstrate the functionalization of these nanocrystals by means of doping, which have shown visible-to-the-naked-eye green up-conversion emissions and may find application in biological labeling fields.

Thermochemical studies on the lanthanoid complexes of trifluoroacetic acid

The thermal decomposition of the lanthanoid complexes of trifluoroacetic acid (Ln(CF3COO)3·3H2O; Ln = La-Lu) was studied by TG and DTA methods. The Ln(CF3COO) 3·3H2O complexes decompose in several stages; first dehydrate to the anhydrous state, then followed by decomposition of the anhydrous salt to a stable product of LnF3. From the endothermic and exothermic data of Ln(CF3COO)3·3H2O complexes, pyrolysis behavior of the complexes is classified into three groups: (1) La-Pr salts; (2) Nd-Gd salts; (3) Tb-Lu salts. It has been shown that all the final decomposition products were found to result in the formation of LnF3.

Laser development of rare-earth doped crystals

Rare earth doped laser crystals present good optical properties providing most of the solid state lasers available today. In particular, some fluoride crystals are capable of forming solid solution with several rare earth fluorides, allowing one to take full advantage of the energy transfer mechanisms that might occur among them. LiREF4 (RE = rare earth) crystals, for example, are so flexible that in some cases the doping concentration can go up to 100%. The Nd:LiLuF4 (Nd:LuLF) system has a 1047-nm emission bandwidth 25% larger than Nd:YLF, which makes it very promising for laser mode-locked operation. Nevertheless, lutetium compounds are very difficult to obtain, therefore Nd-doped mixed crystals grown from LiF-Y1-xLuxF3 (0A new laser medium was obtained for the Nd:LiLu0.5Y0.5F4 crystal, which presents a Nd emission bandwidth close to the Nd:LuLF (1.82 nm). The mode-locked operation in a diode pumped laser system using the KLM technique was performed and pulses of 4.5 ps were readily obtained. It is also shown that the LiGdF4 (GLF) is a promising host for diode pumped high power Nd lasers which require crystals with higher dopant concentrations. Another example is the Ho:LiYF4 (Ho:YLF) laser operating at 2065 nm obtained as a result of concentration optimization of the sensitizers Er and Tm. The optimization was based on a model comprising the various energy transfer mechanisms that take place in these long lived metastable states, heavily dependent on the dopants concentration. As a quasi-four-level system, the Ho concentration must be kept very small (≤0.005 mol%). The laser operation was optimized by the dynamical coupling of pump and laser modes, and by the dopants optical cycle. These optimizations resulted in a CW Ho laser with 2 W output, in a diode pumped system operation.