142-77-8Relevant articles and documents
Esterification activity and stability of Talaromyces thermophilus lipase immobilized onto chitosan
Romdhane, Ines Belhaj-Ben,Romdhane, Zamen Ben,Gargouri, Ali,Belghith, Hafedh
, p. 230 - 239 (2011)
The Talaromyces thermophilus lipase (TTL) was immobilized by different methods namely adsorption, ionic binding and covalent coupling, using various carriers. Chitosan, pre-treated with glutaraldehyde, was selected as the most suitable support material preserving the catalytic activity almost intact and offering maximum immobilization capacity (76% and 91%, respectively). The chitosan-immobilized lipase could be reputably used for ten cycles with more than 80% of its initial hydrolytic activity. Shift in the optimal temperature from 50 to 60 °C and in the pH from 9.5 to 10, were observed for the immobilized lipase when compared to the free enzyme. The catalytic esterification of oleic acid with 1-butanol has been carried out using hexane as organic solvent. A high performance synthesis of 1-butyl oleate was obtained (95% of conversion yield) at 60 °C with a molar ratio of 1:1 oleic acid to butanol and using 100 U (0.2 g) of immobilized lipase. The esterification product is analysed by GC/MS to confirm the conversion percentage calculated by titration.
Self-assembled lipase nanosphere templated one-pot biogenic synthesis of silica hollow spheres in ionic liquid [Bmim][PF6]
Sarkar, Sampa,Mantri, Kshudiram,Kumar, Dinesh,Bhargava, Suresh K.,Soni, Sarvesh K.
, p. 105800 - 105809 (2015)
The spontaneous self-assembly of hydrophobic enzymatic protein triacylglycerol acylhydrolase (commonly known as lipase and a member of the serine hydrolase family) in hydrophobic 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [Bmim][PF6] and in hydrophilic 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [Bmim][BF4] ionic liquids resulted in the formation of lipase enzyme nanocapsules of different morphology. The lipase enzyme capsules were found to retain varying enzyme activity in both cases with both kinds of lipase capsules acting as self-catalyzing functional templates for the hydrolysis of silica precursors into silica. The presence of silica and its interaction with biomolecules was proved by X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS). Interestingly, hollow silica spheres were obtained in the case of [Bmim][PF6] ionic liquid, while solid silica spheres were obtained in the case of [Bmim][BF4] ionic liquid for the same enzyme. The structural orientation of the enzyme within the capsules, their functional templating to obtain silica particles of varying morphology and finally their combined catalytic activity depend on the initial lipase-ionic liquid interaction. The enzyme activity of all these materials was evaluated against the esterification reaction between oleic acid (fatty acid) and butanol, i.e. biodiesel production. The relative enzyme activity was found to be 93.30% higher in the case of lipase nanocapsules synthesized in [Bmim][PF6] and its in situ templating action to make hollow silica spheres further enhanced the residual activity. Furthermore time dependent kinetics of esterification by hollow silica spheres has also been shown here. Hollow silica spheres can also be used as a reusable catalyst for up to 6 cycles. This work demonstrates that the choice of ionic liquid is critical in controlling the self-assembly of enzymes as the ionic liquid-enzyme interaction plays a major role in retaining capsule activity and enzyme function.
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Othmer,Rao
, p. 1912,1915 (1950)
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Chemically Modified Lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus with Enhanced Esterification and Transesterification Activities
Noro, Jennifer,Cavaco-Paulo, Artur,Silva, Carla
, p. 4524 - 4531 (2021/09/02)
Lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus is one of the most explored enzymes for the esterification of several added-value industrial compounds, such as biodiesel, fragrances, and flavors. Its selectivity in these reactions is mostly related with its activity towards small alcohols. In this work, the impact of the chemical modification, with 4 dodecyl chains at its surface, was evaluated regarding its transesterification and esterification activities, comparing with the native form. Linear size-differentiated alcohols (from 1 to 20 carbons in the aliphatic chain) were used to explore for the first time the effect of the chain length in both transesterification and esterification reactions, using p-nitrophenyl palmitate and oleic acid as model compounds, respectively. The chemically modified lipase showed an outstanding improvement of its catalytic performance than the native enzyme, being this increase directly proportional to the size of the alcohols chain used as substrates. The enormous potential and remarkable versatility of this novel super catalyst was here demonstrated, where diverse types of esters, differing in their potential applications (biodiesel, cosmetics, fine chemistry), were efficiently synthesized. The produced esters were fully characterized by 1H NMR, GC-MS, and FTIR.
Development and Validation of a Novel Free Fatty Acid Butyl Ester Gas Chromatography Method for the Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Dairy Products
Mannion, David T.,Furey, Ambrose,Kilcawley, Kieran N.
, p. 499 - 506 (2019/01/08)
Accurate quantification of free fatty acids in dairy products is important for both product quality control and legislative purposes. In this study, a novel fatty acid butyl ester method was developed, where extracted free fatty acids are converted to butyl esters prior to gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. The method was comprehensively validated to establish linearity (20-700 mg/L; R2 > 0.9964), limits of detection (5-8 mg/L), limits of quantification (15-20 mg/L), accuracy (1.6-5.4% relative error), interday precision (4.4-5.3% relative standard deviation), and intraday precision (0.9-5.6% relative standard deviation) for each individual free fatty acid. A total of 17 dairy samples were analyzed, covering diverse sample matrices, fat content, and degrees of lipolysis. The method was compared to direct on-column injection and fatty acid methyl ester methods and overcomes limitations associated with these methods, such as either column-phase absorption or deterioration, accurate quantification of short-chain free fatty acids, and underestimation of polyunsaturated free fatty acid.
A method of using waste acid to produce sulfonated oil
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Paragraph 0033-0034; 0040, (2017/07/05)
The invention provides a method for using waste acid to produce sulfonated oil. The method includes: after the second-step sulponation reaction during a penetrant BX production process, cooling and standing materials to normal temperature, standing for layering, and separating the waste acid from reaction products; placing the waste acid into a suction filtration barrel for suction filtration to allow a small amount of naphthalene sulfonic acid mixed into the waste acid to be reserved on filter cloth so as to obtain waste acid, namely waste sulfuric acid with sulfuric acid mass concentration of about 80%; using the waste sulfuric acid as sulfonating agent sulfonated oil DAH production to perform sulponation reaction; wherein the mole ratio of the waste sulfuric acid after being converted into sulfuric acid with the mass concentration of 100% to butyl oleate is 1.05-1.1:1. By the method, cost is lowered, resources are utilized, and environments are protected.