14212-54-5Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Chiral salen Cr(iii) complexes encapsulated in thermo-responsive polymer nanoreactors for asymmetric epoxidation of alkenes in water
Wang, Weiying,Li, Chaoping,Pi, Yibing,Wang, Jiajun,Tan, Rong,Yin, Donghong
, p. 5626 - 5635 (2019)
Chiral salen Cr(iii) (Cr(salen)) complexes were encapsulated in thermo-responsive polymer nanoreactors through folding an amphiphilic random copolymer of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-IL/Cr(salen)) (poly(NIPAAM-co-IL/Cr(salen)) around Cr(salen) in water. The resulting catalytic nanoreactors exhibited several advantages over the traditional Cr(salen) system for asymmetric epoxidation of alkenes in water. First, they were dispersed in water, behaving as a quasi-homogeneous catalyst for the aqueous asymmetric epoxidation. Second, they effectively sequestered substrates from the surrounding environment, creating a highly concentrated environment for efficient catalysis. Third, water was excluded from the nanoreactor, minimizing the undesired hydrolysis of epoxides. As a result, the compartmentalized catalysts mediated aqueous asymmetric epoxidation with unprecedented yields (92-95%) and enantioselectivities (ee, 92-99%), whereas the traditional Cr(salen) catalyst was far less efficient (4-12% yield and 29-44% ee). Moreover, the catalytic nanoreactor could be facilely recovered for reuse by thermo-controlled separation. This work highlighted the potential of using folded polymers as a platform for developing highly efficient catalytic nanoreactors for a number of important organic transformations in water.
Stereoselective radical-mediated cyclization of norephedrine derived o-bromobenzamides: Enantioselective synthesis of 4-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines
Belvisi,Gennari,Poli,Scolastico,Salom
, p. 273 - 280 (1993)
Radical-mediated cyclization of norephedrine derived o-bromobenzamide 5 was found to be fairly stereoselective (85:15) favouring diastereoisomer trans-6. Tricyclic δ-lactams 6 were transformed in high yield into enantiomerically enriched (R)-1,2,3,4-tetra
Increasing the Activity and Efficiency of Stereoselective Oxidations by using Decoy Molecules in Combination with Rate-Enhancing Variants of P450Bm3
Munday, Samuel D.,Dezvarei, Shaghayegh,Bell, Stephen G.
, p. 2789 - 2796 (2016)
The use of rate-accelerating variants of P450Bm3 coupled with decoy molecules is described, resulting in improved catalytic activity for hydroxylation and epoxidation reactions. Prochiral substrates were investigated to ascertain the effect of the mutant enzymes and the decoy molecules on the regio- and enantioselectivity of the oxidations. For the alkyl and alkene substituted benzene substrates tested, large improvements in the product formation activity over the wild-type enzyme were obtained. The product formation rates for the substrates tested ranged from 660 to 2210 nmol (nmol P450)?1 min?1 for variants containing the R47L and Y51F mutations. Although the regioselectivity was not significantly altered in most of the turnovers, some adjustment in the enantioselectivity was observed with smaller substrates. The addition of decoy molecules often resulted in improved enantioselectivity and counteracted reductions arising from the rate-accelerating mutants.
Asymmetric alkene epoxidation with chromium oxo salen complexes. Effect of added phosphoryl ligands
Kerrigan, Nessan J,Langan, Ivan J,Dalton, Cormac T,Daly, Adrian M,Bousquet, Claudine,Gilheany, Declan G
, p. 2107 - 2110 (2002)
In the stoichiometric asymmetric epoxidation of E-β-methylstyrene with cationic chromium-salen oxo complexes, enantioselectivity is elevated by the addition of many different types of phosphoryl compounds. Triarylphosphine oxides are the most effective, a
Chromium salen catalysed asymmetric alkene epoxidation. Influence of substituents at the 3,3'-positions on the salen rings
Ryan, Kenneth M.,Bousquet, Claudine,Gilheany, Declan G.
, p. 3613 - 3616 (1999)
Any substituent at the 3,3'-positions is sufficient to give greater than 80% ee in the epoxidation of E-β-methylstyrene with chromium-salen complexes.
Isotope effects and the nature of enantioselectivity in the Shi epoxidation. The importance of asynchronicity
Singleton, Daniel A.,Wang, Zhihong
, p. 6679 - 6685 (2005)
The epoxidation of β-methylstyrene catalyzed by the Shi fructose-derived ketone is studied using experimental kinetic isotope effects and DFT calculations. The observation of a large β olefinic 13C isotope effect and small α carbon isotope effe
Asymmetric epoxidation by chiral ketones derived from carbocyclic analogues of fructose
Wang,Miller,Anderson,Shi
, p. 521 - 530 (2001)
A number of carbocyclic analogues of the fructose-derived ketone 1 have been prepared and investigated for asymmetric epoxidation. The studies show that the oxygen atom of the pyranose ring of 1 has an impact on the catalyst's activity and selectivity. Conformational, electronic, and steric effects are discussed.
N-Alkyl salts derived from ephedrine do not promote enantioselective Corey-Chaykovsky reactions involving sulfonium methylides under phase-transfer conditions
Kavanagh, Sarah A.,Connon, Stephen J.
, p. 1414 - 1417 (2008)
N-Alkyl salts derived from ephedrine have twice been reported to act as chiral phase-transfer catalysts in Corey-Chaykovsky reactions between sulfonium ylides and benzaldehyde; reportedly furnishing the terminal epoxide product in moderate-excellent enantiomeric excess. This study unequivocally demonstrates that these reactions proceed without measurable stereoinduction and explains how previous studies mistakenly attributed product optical activity to asymmetric catalysis.
High enantioselectivities in an (E)-alkene epoxidation by catalytically active chromium salen complexes. Insight into the catalytic cycle
Daly, Adrian M.,Renehan, Marie F.,Gilheany, Declan G.
, p. 663 - 666 (2001)
Equation presented The epoxidation of (E)-β-methylstyrene mediated by an oxochromium salen complex yields the epoxide in 92% ee in stoichiometric mode, the highest ee yet reported for a metal-mediated epoxidation of an (E)-alkene. The effect of added donor ligands, previously substantial, has reached a ceiling with this complex. In catalytic mode a slightly reduced ee and higher yield is obtained, indicating both the presence of a second oxidation cycle and that the major oxidant reacts with its reduced form.
Amino acid-functionalized cyclopentadienyl molybdenum tricarbonyl complex and its use in catalytic olefin epoxidation
Abrantes, Marta,Paz, Filipe A. Almeida,Valente, Anabela A.,Pereira, Cláudia C.L.,Gago, Sandra,Rodrigues, Alírio E.,Klinowski, Jacek,Pillinger, Martyn,Gon?alves, Isabel S.
, p. 1826 - 1833 (2009)
The complex [(N-benzyloxycarbonylprolyl)cyclopentadienyl]-Mo(CO)3Me was prepared by the reaction of the amino acid-functionalized cyclopentadienyl-lithium reagent with Mo(CO)6, and subsequent methylation with CH3I. The com
