14456-47-4

Usage

Chemical Properties

hexagonal, silvery gray; -20 mesh with 99.9% purity [CER91] [CRC10]

InChI:InChI=1/3BrH.Tb/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3

Upstream product

• 10035-10-6 hydrogen bromide 
• 7726-95-6 bromine 
• 10025-67-9 disulfur dichloride 
• 7727-15-3 aluminium bromide 

Downstream Products

• 121483-72-5 Tb(C₆H₅C₃N₂(CH₃)2ONHCOCH₃)2Br₃ 
• 117453-66-4 Tb(III)(dibenzylsulphoxide)5(bromide)3 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Switchable green and white luminescence in terbium-based ionic liquid crystals

[C12mim]Br (C12mim = 1-dodecyl-3-methyl) and [C 12mpyr]Br (C12mpyr = N-dodecyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium), both doped with TbBr3, as well as the neat compounds [C 12mim]3[TbBr6] and [C12mpyr] 3[TbBr6] show mesomorphic behavior and are able to form smectic liquid crystalline phases. The thermal phase behavior of all compounds was investigated by hot-stage polarizing optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Whilst the doped compounds crystallize around room temperature, the neat compounds solidify as glasses around-5 °C and qualify also as ionic liquids. The crystal structure of the acetonitrile solvate of the imidazolium compound, [C12mim]3[TbBr6] ·2CH3CN, could be determined by single X-ray diffraction. The structure features alternating double layers of [C12mim]+ cations and [TbBr6]3- octahedra with hydrogen bonded acetonitrile. [C12mim]3[TbBr6]·2CH 3CN can serve as a structure model for the smectic mesophase of the solvate-free [C12mim]3[TbBr6]. All materials show strong green luminescence from the 5D4-level of Tb3+ after excitation into the 4f8→ 4f 75d1 transition. In case of the imidazolium compounds, the color of this emission can be switched between green and blue-white depending on the excitation energy. After excitation with λex = 254 nm, strong green emission mainly from the 5D4-level of Tb 3+ is observed. With λex = 366 nm, only the blue-white luminescence from the imidazolium cation itself is detected.

Phase diagram and electrical conductivity of TbBr3-NaBr binary system

Several experimental techniques were used to characterise the physiochemical properties of the TbBr3-NaBr system. The phase diagram determined by DSC, exhibits an eutectic and a Na3TbBr6 stoichiometric compound that decomposes peritectically (759 K) shortly after a solid-solid phase transition (745 K). The eutectic composition, x(TbBr3)=39.5 mol%, was obtained from the Tamman method. This mixture melts at 699 K. With the corresponding enthalpy of about 16.1 kJ mol-1. Diffuse reflectance spectra of the pure components and their solid mixtures (after homogenisation in the liquid state) confirmed the existence of new phase exhibiting its own spectral characteristics, which may be possibly related to the formation of Na3TbBr6 in this system. Additionally, the electrical conductivity of TbBr3-NaBr liquid mixtures was measured down to temperatures below solidification over the whole composition range.

Lanthanide containing ionic liquid crystals: EuBr2, SmBr 3, TbBr3 and DyBr3 in C12mimBr

Doping the ionic liquid crystal C12mimBr with various lanthanide halides yields interesting novel liquid crystalline and luminescent materials. The thermal phase behavior of all compounds was investigated by hot-stage polarizing optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry and the photophysical properties were determined by luminescence spectroscopy. C 12mimBr itself is an ionic liquid crystal that shows bluish-white emission upon excitation with UV light due to transitions in the imidazolium p-system. Doping lanthanide bromides into C12mimBr with concentrations of about 1 mol-% does not affect the liquid crystalline behavior of the host materials to a great extent and room temperature liquid crystals are obtained. All materials show an appreciable luminescence. EuBr2 in C12mimBr yields a material, which shows a blue emission originating from 4f-5d-transitions. SmBr3-doped samples show a red and TbBr 3 samples a green luminescence. Upon doping C12mimBr with DyBr3 an orange luminescent liquid crystalline material is obtained. Most interestingly the emission color for the TbBr3 and DyBr 3 containing materials can be tuned from bluish-white (mainly C 12mimBr emission) to green (for TbBr3) and orange-yellow (for DyBr3) depending on the wavelength of the excitation light used.

Structural characterization of methanol substituted lanthanum halides

The first study into the alcohol solvation of lanthanum halide [LaX3] derivatives as a means to lower the processing temperature for the production of the LaBr3 scintillators was undertaken using methanol (MeOH). Initially the de-hydration of {[La(μ-Br)(H2O)7](Br)2}2 (1) was investigated through the simple room temperature dissolution of 1 in MeOH. The mixed solvate monomeric [La(H2O)7(MeOH)2](Br)3 (2) compound was isolated where the La metal center retains its original 9-coordination through the binding of two additional MeOH solvents but necessitates the transfer of the innersphere Br to the outersphere. In an attempt to in situ dry the reaction mixture of 1 in MeOH over CaH2, crystals of [Ca(MeOH)6](Br)2 (3) were isolated. Compound 1 dissolved in MeOH at reflux temperatures led to the isolation of an unusual arrangement identified as the salt derivative {[LaBr2.75·5.25(MeOH)]+0.25 [LaBr3.25·4.75(MeOH)]-0.25} (4). The fully substituted species was ultimately isolated through the dissolution of dried LaBr3 in MeOH forming the 8-coordinated [LaBr3(MeOH)5] (5) complex. It was determined that the concentration of the crystallization solution directed the structure isolated (4 concentrated; 5 dilute) The other LaX3 derivatives were isolated as [(MeOH)4(Cl)2La(μ-Cl)]2 (6) and [La(MeOH)9](I)3·MeOH (7). Beryllium Dome XRD analysis indicated that the bulk material for 5 appear to have multiple solvated species, 6 is consistent with the single crystal, and 7 was too broad to elucidate structural aspects. Multinuclear NMR (139La) indicated that these compounds do not retain their structure in MeOD. TGA/DTA data revealed that the de-solvation temperatures of the MeOH derivatives 4-6 were slightly higher in comparison to their hydrated counterparts.

Lanthanide(III) halides: Thermodynamic properties and their correlation with crystal structure

Temperatures and enthalpies of phase transitions of 17 lanthanide(III) halides determined experimentally are reported. Correlations were made between temperature of fusion of lanthanide(III) halides, on the one hand, and enthalpy of fusion, on the other, versus atomic number of lanthanide. According to this classification, the lanthanide(III) halides split into groups, as also do the corresponding crystal structures. A correlation between the crystal structure of lanthanide(III) halides and their respective entropy of fusion (or entropy of fusion + entropy of solid-solid phase transition) was inferred from the aforementioned features. Fusion in those halides with hexagonal, UCl3-type and orthorhombic, PuBr3-type, structures entails an entropy of fusion change (or entropy of fusion + entropy of solid-solid phase transition change) by 50 ± 4 J mol-1 K-1. The homologous entropy change within the group of halides having the rhomboedric, FeCl3-type, structure, is smaller and equals 40 ± 4 J mol-1 K-1. Halides with monoclinic, AlCl3-type, crystal structure constitute a third group associated to an even smaller entropy change upon fusion, only 31 ± 4 J mol-1 K-1. The halides with lower entropies of fusion also have a lower S1300 K - S298 K indicating either a higher degree of order in the liquid or a higher entropy in the solid at room temperatures.

Systematics and anomalies in rare earth/aluminum bromide vapor complexes: Thermodynamic properties of the vapor complexes LnAl3Br12 from Ln = Sc to Ln = Lu

Systematics and anomalies in the rare earth/aluminum bromide vapor complexes have been investigated by the phase equilibrium-quenching experiments. The measurements suggest that the LnAl3Br12 complexes are the predominant vapor compl

M3NS3 (M = La - Nd, Sm, Gd - Dy): Structure and magnetism of 3:1:3-type nitride sulfides of trivalent lanthanides

Nitride sulfides of the trivalent lanthanides with the composition M 3NS3 (M = La - Nd, Sm, Gd - Dy) can be prepared by the oxidation of the respective lanthanide metal with sulfur, sodium azide (NaN 3), and the corresponding lanthanide tribromide (MBr3) when an additional flux (NaBr) is used. Temperature ranges from 800 to 900 °C for the thermal treatment of the reaction mixtures in evacuated silica tubes secure the formation of bright to dark brown, transparent, lath shaped single-crystals. The orthorhombic crystal structure (Pnma, Z = 4) was determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data (La3NS3: a = 1215.13(5), b = 415.90(2), c = 1322.12(5) pm, Ce3NS3: a = 1206.28(4), b = 410.16(1), c = 1307.18(5) pm, Pr3NS3: a = 1205.45(7), b = 405.35(2), c = 1297.58(8) pm, Nd3NS3: a = 1207.82(5), b = 401.31(1), c = 1295.20(4) pm, Sm3NS3: a = 1201.58(6), b = 394.84(2), c = 1285.63(7) pm, Gd3NS3: a = 1197.17(7), b = 388.22(3), c = 1286.92(8) pm, Tb3NS3: a = 1191.62(7), b = 385.07(3), c = 1282.44(8) pm, and Dy3NS3: a = 1187.66(7), b = 382.55(3), c = 1276.77(8) pm). There are three crystallographically different M3+ cations present in coordination of both the N3- and the S2- anions. However, [NM 4]9+ tetrahedra connected via two common corners (c) to form linear chains ∞1{[N(M1)1/1 t(M2)1/1t(M3)2/2c] 6+} along [010] build up the main structural feature. A non-linear behaviour for the decreasing lattice constants of the pseudo-isotypic series from La3NS3 to Dy3NS3 concerning the a- and c-axes is observed along with the lanthanoid contraction caused by the diminishing coordination sphere of (M1)3+ (CN = 7) and (M3) 3+ (CN = 7) moving from the light to the heavier lanthanides. Curie-Weiss-type magnetic behaviour for Dy3NS3 with μeff = 10.3(1) μB for DyN1/3S corresponding to a 6H15/2 groundstate for Dy3+ at higher temperatures and antiferromagnetic ordering of the Dy3+ moments below 5 K is observed.

Gd10I16(C2)2 and Gd10Br15B2/Tb10Br15B 2 cluster compounds with M10 twin octahedra

The compound Gd10I16(C2)2 can be prepared from Gd metal, GdI3 and C at 950 °C. It crystallizes in P1? with a = 10.463(4) A?, b = 16.945(6) A?, c = 11.220(4) A?, α = 99.15(3)°, β = 92.68(3)° und γ = 88.06(3)°. Gd10Br15B2 is formed between 900 und 950 °C, Tb10Br15B2 between 900 und 930 °C from stoichiometric amounts of the rare earth metals, tribromide and boron. Both compounds crystallize in the space group P1? for Gd10Br15B2 with a = 8.984(2) A?, b = 9.816(2) A?, c = 10.552(5) A?, α = 91.14(3)°, β = 114.61(3)° and γ = 110.94(3)° and for Tb10Br15B2 with a = 8.939(4) A?, b = 9.788(3) A?, c = 10.502(2) A?, α = 91.19(3)°, β = 114.51(3)° and γ = 111.10(2)°. In the crystal structures of all three compounds the rare earth metals form edge-shared Ln10 twin octahedra. In Gd10I16(C2)2 the Gd octahedra are centered with C2 groups (dC-C = 1.43(7) A?). In Ln10Br15B2 (Ln = Gd, Tb) the octahedra contain single boron atoms. The clusters are connected through halide atoms to chains [Ln10(Z)2Xi4Xi-i 4/2Xi-a2]. Adjacent chains are fused threedimensionally via Ii-a2Ii-a6 for the Gd iodide carbide and via Bri-i2/2Bri-a6 for the bromide borides of Gd und Tb. It is interesting to see an identical pattern of connection between the chains for the reduced oxomolybdates, e. g. PbMo5O8.

X-RAY POWDER DIFFRACTION STUDY OF THE CHLORIDE-BROMIDE SYSTEMS OF TRIVALENT GADOLINIUM, TERBIUM, AND YTTERBIUM.

The lanthanoid mixed halide systems, MCl//3-MBr//3, for M equals Gd, Tb, and Yb, have been prepared by mixing and fusing the pure reactants and have been examined by X-ray powder diffraction procedures. For M equals Gd, UCl//3, (P6//3/m)-, PuBr//3 (Cmcm)-

Thermodynamics of lanthanide elements. III. Molar enthalpies of formation of Tb3+(aq), Ho3+(aq), Yb3+(aq), Yb2+(aq), TbBr3(cr), HoBr3(cr), and YbBr3(cr) at 298.15 K

Enthalpies of solution of high-purity terbium, holmium, and ytterbium metals and of the corresponding tribromides in aqueous hydrochloric acid of various molalities lead to the following standard molar enthalpies of formation ΔfHm0/(kJ * mol-1) at 298.15 K: Tb3+(aq), -(698.3+/-1.5); Ho3+(aq), -(707.2+/-2.4); Yb3+(aq), -(670.5+/-2.7); Yb2+(aq), -(530.4+/-3.3); TbBr3(cr), -(839.1+/-2.4); HoBr3(cr), -(842.1+/-2.7); YbBr3(cr), -(793.8+/-2.4).A value of -(1.06+/-0.05) V is deduced from the above results for the standard potential of the reaction: Yb3+ + 1/2H2 = Yb2+ + H+, through the use of suitable entropy values.These results are discussed and compared with previous experimental or assessed values.