1460-98-6Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Vapor phase alkylation of toluene using various alcohols over H 3PO4/MCM-41 catalyst: Influence of reaction parameters on selectivity and conversion
Abbaspourrad, Alireza,Kalbasi, Roozbeh Javad,Zamani, Farzad
experimental part, p. 875 - 885 (2011/08/06)
A mesoporous MCM-41 molecular sieve material with a molar ratio of SiO 2/Al2 O3 = 70 and loaded with H3 PO4 was used as a catalyst for the alkylation of toluene, using various alcohols, namely methanol, iso-propanol, and tert-butanol, as alkylating agents. Para-alkylated toluene was the predominant product, formation of which was enhanced by moderate temperature, low amounts of the alkylating agents in the feed, and high carrier gas flow rate. Time on stream was found to exert a profound effect on the selectivity and conversion to the different products. TUeBITAK.
Orthoamides, LIX [1]. Formyl-aalen [tris(diformylamino)methane] - A new formylating reagent for activated aromatic compounds
Kantlehner, Willi,Haug, Erwin,Scherr, Oliver,Ziegler, Georg
, p. 1295 - 1304 (2007/10/03)
In the presence of strong Lewis acids such as aluminum chloride or boron trichloride, formyl-aalen [tris(diformylamino)methane] (3) acts as a formylating reagent for aromatic alkane compounds and aromatic ethers. The orthoamide 3 delivers three formyl groups for the formylation process. Thus toluene, cumene, tert-butylbenzene, hexylbenzene, o-xylene, p-cymene, biphenyl, anisole, diphenylether and 1,3-dimethoxybenzene can be formylated in 1,2-dichloroethane. In these reactions, 3 and aluminum chloride should be used in a molar ratio of 1:6 to 1:9.
Alkyltrifluoromethanesulphonates as alkylating reagents for aromatic compounds
Booth, Brian L.,Haszeldine, Robert N.,Laali, Khosrow
, p. 2887 - 2893 (2007/10/02)
Methyl and ethyl trifluoromethanesulphonates (' triflates '), prepared by conventional routes involving either trifluoromethanesulphonic acid (' triflic acid ') or its anhydride, contain traces of triflic acid as an impurity, which catalyse their alkylation reactions with aromatic compounds. Pure methyl triflate, obtained from reaction between CH3l and CFS03Ag, does not alkylate p-cymene after several hours at 100 °C. Pure ethyl triflate, prepared by a similar method, is thermally less stable under these conditions, and alkylation takes place only after long induction periods during which some breakdown to triflic acid occurs. With aromatic substrates such as p-cymene or mesitylene the onset of alkylation is followed rapidly by the formation of isomerisation and disproportionation products. Benzyl triflate, prepared from PhCH2Br and CF3SO3Ag, alkylates p-cymene even at room temperature. The strong Lewis acids SbF5 and AlCl3 similarly catalyse alkylation reactions of methyl and ethyl triflates, but BF3, FeCl3, and SnCl4 are much less effective.
