14898-80-7

Usage

Uses

Used in Chemical Synthesis:
(S)-(+)-4-METHYL-2-PENTANOL is used as a chiral building block for the synthesis of various organic compounds, particularly in the pharmaceutical and fragrance industries. Its unique stereochemistry allows for the creation of enantiomerically pure products, which are essential in the development of drugs with fewer side effects and improved efficacy.
Used in the Pharmaceutical Industry:
In the pharmaceutical industry, (S)-(+)-4-METHYL-2-PENTANOL is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of chiral drugs. Its ability to provide enantiomerically pure products is crucial for the development of drugs with targeted therapeutic effects and reduced side effects.
Used in the Fragrance Industry:
(S)-(+)-4-METHYL-2-PENTANOL is also utilized in the fragrance industry as a key component in the creation of various scents. Its unique chemical properties contribute to the development of distinct and complex fragrances.
Used in the Reaction of 2-methoxyethyl acetals with allylsilanes:
(S)-(+)-4-METHYL-2-PENTANOL is employed in the reaction of 2-methoxyethyl acetals with allylsilanes in the presence of titanium tetrachloride, leading to regioselective carbon-oxygen bond cleavage of the unsymmetrical acetals. This reaction is significant in the synthesis of complex organic molecules and contributes to the development of novel chemical compounds with potential applications in various industries.

Upstream product

• 108-11-2 Methyl isobutyl carbinol 
• 94806-35-6 (S)-4-Methyl-4-penten-2-ol 
• 674-76-0 (E)-4-methylpent-2-ene 
• 80422-50-0 (SS)-4-methyl-1-(N-methylphenylsulfonimidoyl)-2-pentanol 
• 920-39-8 isopropylmagnesium bromide 
• 74-88-4 methyl iodide 
• 75-24-1 trimethylaluminum 
• 590-86-3 isovaleraldehyde 
• 625-28-5 Isovaleronitrile 
• 108-05-4 vinyl acetate 
• 108-10-1 4-methyl-2-pentanone 
• 80422-47-5 (SS)-4-methyl-1-(N-methylphenylsulfonimidoyl)-2-pentanone 

Downstream Products

• 4511-57-3 (-)-1,3-Dimethylbutyl-methacrylat 
• 1196802-12-6 ((S)-1-methyl-isopentanyl)-p-cyanobenzoate 
• 1429391-70-7 2-methyl-4-chloropentane 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Facile Stereoselective Reduction of Prochiral Ketones by using an F420-dependent Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Effective procedures for the synthesis of optically pure alcohols are highly valuable. A commonly employed method involves the biocatalytic reduction of prochiral ketones. This is typically achieved by using nicotinamide cofactor-dependent reductases. In this work, we demonstrate that a rather unexplored class of enzymes can also be used for this. We used an F420-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADF) from Methanoculleus thermophilicus that was found to reduce various ketones to enantiopure alcohols. The respective (S) alcohols were obtained in excellent enantiopurity (>99 % ee). Furthermore, we discovered that the deazaflavoenzyme can be used as a self-sufficient system by merely using a sacrificial cosubstrate (isopropanol) and a catalytic amount of cofactor F420 or the unnatural cofactor FOP to achieve full conversion. This study reveals that deazaflavoenzymes complement the biocatalytic toolbox for enantioselective ketone reductions.

Pickering-Droplet-Derived MOF Microreactors for Continuous-Flow Biocatalysis with Size Selectivity

Enzymatic microarchitectures with spatially controlled reactivity, engineered molecular sieving ability, favorable interior environment, and industrial productivity show great potential in synthetic protocellular systems and practical biotechnology, but their construction remains a significant challenge. Here, we proposed a Pickering emulsion interface-directed synthesis method to fabricate such a microreactor, in which a robust and defect-free MOF layer was grown around silica emulsifier stabilized droplet surfaces. The compartmentalized interior droplets can provide a biomimetic microenvironment to host free enzymes, while the outer MOF layer secludes active species from the surroundings and endows the microreactor with size-selective permeability. Impressively, the thus-designed enzymatic microreactor exhibited excellent size selectivity and long-term stability, as demonstrated by a 1000 h continuous-flow reaction, while affording completely equal enantioselectivities to the free enzyme counterpart. Moreover, the catalytic efficiency of such enzymatic microreactors was conveniently regulated through engineering of the type or thickness of the outer MOF layer or interior environments for the enzymes, highlighting their superior customized specialties. This study provides new opportunities in designing MOF-based artificial cellular microreactors for practical applications.

Synthesis of cis-1,2-diol-type chiral ligands and their dioxaborinane derivatives: Application for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of various ketones and biological evaluation

Two cis-1,2-diol-type chiral ligands (T1 and T2) and their tri-coordinated chiral dioxaborinane (T(1–2)B(1–2)) and four-coordinated chiral dioxaborinane adducts with 4-tert-butyl pyridine sustained by N → B dati

Boron containing chiral Schiff bases: Synthesis and catalytic activity in asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of ketones

Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation (ATH) has been an attractive way for the reduction of ketones to chiral alcohols. A great number of novel and valuable synthetic pathways have been achived by the combination usage of organometallic and coordination chemistry for the production of important class of compounds and particularly optically active molecules. For this aim, four boron containing Schiff bases were synthesized by the reaction of 4-formylphenylboronic acid with chiral amines. The boron containing structures have been found as stable compounds due to the presence of covalent B–O bonds and thus could be handled in laboratory environment. They were characterized by 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis and they were used as catalyst in the transfer hydrogenation of ketones to the related alcohol derivatives with high conversions (up to 99%) and low enantioselectivities (up to 22% ee).

Biaryl diphosphine ligands and their ruthenium complexes: Preparation and use for catalytic hydrogenation of ketones

Procedures for the preparation of the nucleophilic diphosphine ligands (R)-(4,4′,6,6′-tetramethoxybiphenyl-2,2′-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphine) ((R)-Ph-Garphos, 2a) and (S)-(4,4′,6,6′-tetramethoxybiphenyl-2,2′-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphine) ((S)-Ph-Garphos, 2b) were described. The ligands were used to prepare the ruthenium(II) Ph-Garphos complexes, chloro(p-cymene)(R)-(4,4′,6,6′-tetraamethoxybiphenyl-2,2′-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) chloride ([RuCl(p-cymene)(R)-Ph-Garphos]Cl (3)) and chloro(p-cymene)(S)-(4,4′,6,6′-tetraamethoxybiphenyl-2,2′-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) chloride ([RuCl(p-cymene)(S)-Ph-Garphos]Cl (4)). In the presence of the chiral diamine co-ligands (1R,2R)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diamine (R,R-DPEN) and (1S,2S)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diamine (S,S-DPEN), complexes 3 and 4 were found to be catalyst precursors for the enantioselective reduction of aryl ketones under mild conditions (room temperature and 3–4 atm of H2). The chiral alcohols were isolated in moderate to good yields and with enantioselectivities of up to 93percent. The ruthenium complexes chloro(p-cymene)(R)-(4,4′,6,6′-tetramethoxybiphenyl-2,2′-diyl)bis(bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-phosphine)ruthenium(II) chloride ([RuCl(p-cymene)(R)-Xyl-Garphos]Cl (5)) and chloro(p-cymene)(S)-(4,4′,6,6′-tetramethoxybiphenyl-2,2′-diyl)bis(bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-phosphine)ruthenium(II) chloride ([RuCl(p-cymene)(S)-Xyl-Garphos]Cl (6)) were also prepared and used as catalyst precursors for the hydrogenation of aryl ketones in the presence of (R,R)-DPEN and (S,S)-DPEN. Significant improvements in the enantioselectivities of the alcohols (up to 98percent ee.) were afforded. A combination of 6 and (S,S)-DPEN afforded (R)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethanol in 89percent yield and with 95percent ee which was shown to be a suitable precursor for the preparation of (S)-rivastigmine.

Manganese Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones Using Chiral Oxamide Ligands

The asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones using isopropyl alcohol (IPA) as hydrogen donor in the presence of novel manganese catalysts is explored. The selective and active systems are easily generated in situ from [MnBr(CO)5] and inexpensive C2-symmeric bisoxalamide ligands. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the Mn-derived catalyst gave higher enantioselectivity compared with the related ruthenium catalyst.

Catalysts for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of various ketones from [3-[(2S)-2-[(diphenylphosphanyl)oxy]-3-phenoxypropyl]-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride] and [Ru(η6-arene)(μ-Cl)Cl]2, Ir(η5-C5Me5)(μ-Cl)Cl]2 or [Rh(μ-Cl)(cod)]2

The combination of [3-[(2S)-2-[(diphenylphosphanyl)oxy]-3-phenoxypropyl]-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride] with [Ru(η6-arene)(μ-Cl)Cl]2, Ir(η5-C5Me5)(μ-Cl)Cl]2 or [Rh(μ-Cl)(cod)]2, in the presence of KOH/isoPrOH, has been found to generate catalysts that are capable of enantioselectively reducing alkyl, aryl ketones to the corresponding (R)-alcohols. Under optimized conditions, when the catalysts were applied to the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation, we obtained the secondary alcohol products in high conversions and enantioselectivities using only 0.5 mol% catalyst loading. In addition, [3-[(2S)-2-{[(chloro(?4-1,5-cyclooctadiene)rhodium)diphenyl phosphanyl] oxy}-3-phenoxypropyl]-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride], (6) complex is much more active than the other analogous complexes in the transfer hydrogenation. Catalyst 6 acts as excellent catalysts, giving the corresponding (R)-1-phenyl ethanol in 99% conversion in 30 min (TOF ≤ 396 h?1) and in high enantioselectivity (92% ee).

Pickering Emulsion-Derived Liquid-Solid Hybrid Catalyst for Bridging Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

We describe a novel method to prepare a liquid-solid hybrid catalyst via interfacial growth of a porous silica crust around Pickering emulsion droplets, which allowed us to overcome the current limitations of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. The inner micron-scaled liquid (for example, ionic liquids) pool of the resultant catalyst can host free homogeneous molecular catalysts or enzymes to create a true homogeneous catalysis environment. The porous silica crust of the hybrid catalyst has excellent stability, which makes it amenable to packing directly in fixed-bed reactors for continuous flow catalysis. As a proof of concept, the enzymatic kinetic resolution of racemic alcohols, CrIII(salen) complex-catalyzed asymmetric ring opening of epoxides and Pd-catalyzed Tsuji-Trost allylic substitution reactions were used to verify the generality and versatility of our strategy for bridging homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. The hybrid catalyst-based continuous flow system exhibited a 1.6a16-fold enhancement in activity relative to homogeneous counterparts even over 1500 h, and the afforded enantioselectivities were completely equal to those obtained in the homogeneous counterpart systems. Interestingly, the catalytic efficiency can be tuned through rational engineering of the porous crust and the dimensions of the liquid pool, resulting in features of an innovatively designed catalyst. This contribution provides a new method to design efficient catalysts that can bridge the conceptual and technical gaps between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis.

Homochiral Metal-Organic Cage for Gas Chromatographic Separations

Metal-organic cages (MOCs) as a new type of porous material with well-defined cavities were extensively pursued because of their relative ease of synthesis and their potential applications in host-guest chemistry, molecular recognition, separation, catalysis, gas storage, and drug delivery. Here, we first reported that a homochiral MOC [Zn3L2] is explored to fabricate [Zn3L2] coated capillary column for high-resolution gas chromatographic separation of a wide range of analytes, including n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and positional isomers, especially for racemates. Various kinds of racemates such as alcohols, diols, epoxides, ethers, halohydrocarbons, and esters were separated with good enantioselectivity and reproducibility on the [Zn3L2] coated capillary column. The fabricated [Zn3L2] coated capillary column exhibited significant chiral recognition complementary to that of a commercial β-DEX 120 column and our recently reported homochiral porous organic cage CC3-R coated column. The results show that the homochiral MOCs will be very attractive as a new type of chiral selector in separation science.

Chiral C2-symmetric η6-p-cymene-Ru(II)-phosphinite complexes: Synthesis and catalytic activity in asymmetric reduction of aromatic, methyl alkyl and alkyl/aryl ketones

Chiral C2-symmetric bis(phosphinite) ligands and their binuclear ruthenium(II) complexes have been synthesized and used as catalysts in the ruthenium-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic, methyl alkyl and alkyl/aryl ketones using 2-propanol as both the hydrogen source and solvent in the presence of KOH. Under optimized conditions, all complexes showed high catalytic activity as catalysts in the reduction of various ketones to corresponding chiral secondary alcohols. Products were obtained with high conversions (99%) and moderate to good enantioselectivities (82% ee). Furthermore, C2-symmetric bis(phosphinite) ligands and their binuclear ruthenium(II) complexes were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, LC/MS-MS and elemental analysis.