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Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Arylation of Amide and Urea C(sp 3)-H Bonds with Aryl Tosylates Generated in Situ from Phenols

The arylation of amide and urea C(sp 3)-H bonds with aryl tosylates generated in situ from phenols has been realized at room temperature by combining visible-light-photoredox catalysis, hydrogen-atom-transfer catalysis, and nickel catalysis. Th

Decarboxylative Conjunctive Cross-coupling of Vinyl Boronic Esters using Metallaphotoredox Catalysis

The synthesis of complex alkyl boronic esters through conjunctive cross-coupling of vinyl boronic esters with carboxylic acids and aryl iodides is described. The reaction proceeds under mild metallaphotoredox conditions and involves an unprecedented decarboxylative radical addition/cross-coupling cascade of vinyl boronic esters. Excellent functional-group tolerance is displayed, and application of a range of carboxylic acids, including secondary α-amino acids, and aryl iodides provides efficient access to highly functionalized alkyl boronic esters. The decarboxylative conjunctive cross-coupling was also applied to the synthesis of sedum alkaloids.

Benzaldehyde- And Nickel-Catalyzed Photoredox C(sp3)-H Alkylation/Arylation with Amides and Thioethers

Herein a synergistic combination of a nickel catalyst and benzaldehyde for the utilization of amides and thioethers in C(sp3)-H alkylation and arylation reactions employing simple aryl or alkyl halides is reported. This method provides a simple and cheap strategy for the direct functionalization of amides and thioethers. Readily available starting materials, mild reaction conditions, a good functional-group tolerance, and a broad substrate scope make this methodology attractive and practical for pharmaceutical and synthetic chemistry.

Electrophile, Substrate Functionality, and Catalyst Effects in the Synthesis of α-Mono and Di-Substituted Benzylamines via Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis in Flow

We report herein the facile and one-pot synthesis of α-mono- and di-substituted benzylamines from cheap and readily available α-amino acids, via photocatalytic decarboxylative arylation in flow. This enables to access intermediates and building blocks that are difficult to obtain via other synthetic routes, but are key for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fine chemicals. The optimal decarboxylative conditions were identified through a high-throughput evaluation of catalysts, organic or inorganic bases, ligands, and reaction parameters (i. e., contact time, temperatures, and photoelectron power). The reaction turned out to be electronically controlled as the yields increased with increasing electron-density on the aryl moiety. The results were correlated with the redox properties of the photocatalysts, deriving catalyst structure-performance relationships which can facilitate the future identification of even better materials. In addition, compared to traditional batch chemistry, the use of a flow protocol led to quicker reactions (30 min instead of 12–72 h) and ensured more predictable reaction scale-ups.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Heterogeneous Titania-Photoredox/Nickel Dual Catalysis: Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling of Carboxylic Acids with Aryl Iodides

The efficient, mild, and semiheterogeneous decarboxylative cross-coupling of a variety alkyl carboxylic acids with aryl iodides has been accomplished through a merger of TiO2 photoredox and nickel cross-coupling chemistries. The protocol is tolerant to a wide range of substituted aryl iodides and alkyl carboxylic acids. Through replacement of the commonly employed Ir transition-metal complexes with P25 TiO2 as photocatalyst, we show that these transformations can be heterogenized with little effect on the efficiency of these transformations, while at the same time decreasing the associated costs due to the reusability and inexpensive nature of the TiO2 photocatalyst.

Improving the throughput of batch photochemical reactions using flow: Dual photoredox and nickel catalysis in flow for C(sp2)C(sp3) cross-coupling

We report herein the transfer of dual photoredox and nickel catalysis for C(sp2)C(sp3) cross coupling form batch to flow. This new procedure clearly improves the scalability of the previous batch reaction by the reactor's size and op

Coupling of C(sp3)-H bonds with C(sp2)-O electrophiles: mild, general and selective

Herein is reported the mild and general coupling of amine/ether C(sp3)-H bonds with various kinds of C(sp2)-O electrophiles with high selectivity and efficiency. Valuable allylic/benzylic amines are generated in moderate to excellent yields. The utility of this transformation is demonstrated by a broad substrate scope (>50 examples), good functional group tolerance and facile product modification.

Native functionality in triple catalytic cross-coupling: sp3 C-H bonds as latent nucleophiles

The use of sp3 C-H bonds - which are ubiquitous in organic molecules - as latent nucleophile equivalents for transition metal - catalyzed cross-coupling reactions has the potential to substantially streamline synthetic efforts in organic chemistry while bypassing substrate activation steps. Through the combination of photoredox-mediated hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and nickel catalysis, we have developed a highly selective and general C-H arylation protocol that activates a wide array of C-H bonds as native functional handles for cross-coupling. This mild approach takes advantage of a tunable HAT catalyst that exhibits predictable reactivity patterns based on enthalpic and bond polarity considerations to selectively functionalize α-amino and α-oxy sp3 C-H bonds in both cyclic and acyclic systems.

DECARBOXYLATIVE CROSS-COUPLING AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF

Methods described herein enable the production of numerous molecular species through decarboxylative cross-coupling via use of photoredox and transition metal catalysts. For example, methods described herein enable the production of numerous molecular species through decarboxylative cross-coupling via use of photoredox and transition metal catalysts. A method described herein, in some embodiments, comprises providing a reaction mixture including a photoredox catalyst, a transition metal catalyst, a coupling partner and a substrate having a carboxyl group. The reaction mixture is irradiated with a radiation source resulting in cross-coupling of the substrate and coupling partner via a mechanism including decarboxylation, wherein the coupling partner is selected from the group consisting of a substituted aromatic compound and a substituted aliphatic compound.

Effects of Molecular Oxygen, Solvent, and Light on Iridium-Photoredox/Nickel Dual-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions

In order to achieve reproducibility during iridium-photoredox and nickel dual-catalyzed sp3-sp2 carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions, we investigated the role that molecular oxygen (O2), solvent and light-source (CF lamp o