17033-39-5Relevant academic research and scientific papers
PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT, SOLAR CELL, AND COMPOSITION
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Paragraph 0304; 0306, (2018/04/26)
Provided are a photoelectric conversion element, a solar cell using the photoelectric conversion element, and a composition. The photoelectric conversion element includes a first electrode including a photosensitive layer, which includes a light absorbing agent, on a conductive support. The light absorbing agent includes a compound having a perovskite-type crystal structure that includes organic cations represented by the following Formulae (1) and (2), a cation of a metal atom, and an anion. [in-line-formulae]R1—N(R1a)3+??Formula (1)[/in-line-formulae] [in-line-formulae]R2—N(R2a)3+??Formula (2)[/in-line-formulae] In Formulae (1) and (2), R1 represents a specific group such as an alkyl group (including a specific substituent group in a case where the number of carbons is 1 or 2), and a cycloalkyl group. R2 represents a methyl group, an ethyl group, and the like. R1a and R2a represent a specific group such as a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group.
Temperature and Pressure Effects on the Reversible Reaction of a Parent Phenol (GH) Corresponding to Galvinoxyl with Aliphatic Amines
Nishimura, Norio,Iga, Siroh,Satoh, Masahiro,Yamamoto, Shunzo
, p. 2437 - 2441 (2007/10/02)
The effects of temperature and pressure on the reversible reaction between GH and aliphatic amines in acetonitrile have been studied spectrophotometrically.The formation of the free ions rather than that of ion pairs has been confirmed by the modified Benesi-Hildebrand (B-H) plot.From the plot the equilibrium constants were estimated.From the temperature dependence of the equilibrium constant (K), the heat and entropy of reactions were estimated to be: (ΔH0)av=-44.5 kJ mol-1, and (ΔS0)av=-193 J K-1 mol-1.From the pressure dependence of K the reaction volume (ΔV0)av was estimated to be -40 dm3 mol-1.When unbranched primary amines were used, a side reaction took place for which an explanation has been given.
An ICR mass spectrometry study of ion/molecule reactions in mixtures of methylamine with ethylamine, propylamine, or butylamine
Xu, Guoying,Herman, Jan A.,Wojcik, Leszek
, p. 570 - 574 (2007/10/02)
Ion/molecule reactions of protonated alkylamine ion species, RNH3+, were studied in mixtures of methylamine with ethylamine, propylamine, or butylamine by ICR mass spectrometry at 1E-5 Torr.The occurrence of methyl group transfer from methylamine to higher protonated alkylamine species was observed.The rate constants of some bimolecular reactions occurring in these systems were estimated by numerical simulation.
Gas-Phase Chemistry of Transition Metal-Imido and -Nitrene Ion Complexes. Oxidative Addition of N-H Bonds in NH3 and Transfer of NH from a Metal Center to an Alkene
Buckner, Steven W.,Gord, James R.,Freiser Ben S.
, p. 6606 - 6612 (2007/10/02)
We report here on the gas-phase chemistry of a number of bare transition metal-nitrene and -imido ion complexes, MNH+.Group 3, 4, and 5 atomic metal ions react with NH3 at thermal energies to generate MNH+ via dehydrogenation.A reaction mechanism is proposed involving initial oxidative addition to an N-H bond, in analogy to mechanisms proposed for reactions of gaseous atomic metal ions with hydrocarbons.Cr+ reacts with NH3 via slow condensation to form CrNH3+, as do all group 6-11 atomic metal ions investigated.However, excited-state Cr+ reacts with NH3 via bond-insertion reactions to form CrNH2+ and CrNH+.An unidentified metastable electronic state of Cr+, produced by direct laser desorption of chromium foil, reats with much higher efficiency than does kinetically excited Cr+.FeO+ reacts with NH3 to generate FeNH+ with loss of H2O.Thermochemical studies of VNH+ and FeNH+ involving ion-molecule reactions indicate values of D0(V+-NH) = 101 +/- 7 kcal/mol and D0(Fe+-NH) = 54 +/- 14 kcal/mol, the latter value in accord with D0(Fe+-NH) = 61 +/- 5 kcal/mol obtained from photodissociation.The high bond strength for VNH+ indicates multiple bonding, analogous to that in the isoelectronic VO+, while the weaker bond strength for FeNH+ indicates a single bond, analogous to that in the isoelectronic FeO+.Proton-transfer experiments indicate PA(VN) = 220 +/- 4 kcal/mol from which ΔHf(VN) = 111 +/- 9 kcal/mol and D0(V-N) = 125 +/- 9 kcal/mol are obtained.VNH+ is unreactive with ethene and benzene, but FeNH+ transfers NH to ethene and benzene through metathesis and homologation reactions.A cyclic metalloaminobutane intermediate is consistent with the products of the FeNH+/ethene reaction.
