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• 96-09-3 styrene oxide 
• 111-36-4 n-butyl isocyanide 
• 201230-82-2 carbon monoxide 
• 6273-86-5 (R/S)-2-(butylamino)-1-phenylethanol 
• 59255-58-2 tert-butyl butylcarbamate 
• 136912-53-3 1-butyl-2-phenylaziridine 
• 124-38-9 carbon dioxide 
• 54280-88-5 2-phenyl-1-n-propylcycloethylimine 
• 100-42-5 styrene 
• 75326-15-7 (2-bromo-1-phenylethyl)dimethylsulphonium bromide 
• 102-09-0 bis(phenyl) carbonate 

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• 6273-86-5 (R/S)-2-(butylamino)-1-phenylethanol 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Optimizing the performance of porous pyridinium frameworks for carbon dioxide transformation

Multifunctional catalysts derived from the integration of discrete catalytic partners in a confined space represent an important approach to emulate some of the design philosophies of enzymes. In an effort to design concepts for highly active catalysts for CO2 transformations, we synthesize and contrast the performance of two porous pyridinium frameworks. The activity is found to be significantly amplified by the introduction of the amine group on the ortho position of the pyridinium moieties. The resulting catalyst is capable of highly active and selective cycloaddition of aziridines with CO2 to 5-substituted-2-oxazolidinone, even under ambient conditions (1 bar, 22 °C). Its high activity originates from CO2 activation by the pendant amine group in the vicinity of the active species, which facilitates the subsequent catalytic steps.

Amine functionalized MCM-41 as a green, efficient, and heterogeneous catalyst for the regioselective synthesis of 5-aryl-2-oxazolidinones, from CO2 and aziridines

Covalently linked amine functionalized MCM-41 catalysts were investigated as an efficient, heterogeneous and recyclable catalyst for the coupling of carbon dioxide (CO2) and aziridines providing high conversion with excellent regioselectivity towards 5-aryl-2-oxazolidinones under mild and solvent free conditions. The effect of various reaction parameters, such as temperature, time, and CO2 pressure for the synthesis of 5-aryl-2-oxazolidinones using amine functionalized MCM-41 catalyst was investigated. The optimized protocol was applied to a wide variety of 1-alkyl-2-arylaziridines producing the corresponding 5-aryl-2-oxazolidinones with good yield and excellent regioselectivity. Amine functionalized MCM-41 catalysts were characterized by FT-IR, TG/DTA, high and low angle XRD, and solid state 29Si CPMAS NMR analysis. Furthermore, the catalyst was effectively recycled for five consecutive cycles without any significant loss in its catalytic activity and selectivity under the described reaction conditions. Readily available reagents, mild reaction conditions and effective catalyst recyclability make this protocol simple, convenient, practical and environmentally friendly.

Eco-friendly co-catalyst-free cycloaddition of CO2 and aziridines activated by a porous MOF catalyst

Cycloaddition of CO2 with aziridines is an important reaction to obtain high-value products. Porous MOFs can catalyze this reaction, but co-catalysts are still necessary to improve the catalytic performance. Such a reaction catalyzed by MOFs-based materials without co-catalyst has not been reported hitherto. Herein, a porous and stable three-dimensional (3D) framework {[Ni(DCTP)]·6.5DMF}n (1) with a large Langmuir surface area of 3,789 m2/g was synthesized, which displayed high I2 adsorption ability up to 731.0 mg/g and could release it reversibly. Additionally, it exhibited a high CO2 adsorption capacity of 104.0 cm3/g at 273 K. The investigation results revealed 1 could effectively catalyze the cycloaddition of CO2 and aziridines in the absence of additional co-catalyst, and it could maintain the catalytic activity after five cycles. Furthermore, 1 also exhibited high catalytic activity for the gram-scale experiment. Importantly, it is the first MOF material as a heterogeneous catalyst for the conversion of CO2 and aziridines without co-catalyst. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].

Valorization of CO2 into N-alkyl Oxazolidin-2-ones Promoted by Metal-Free Porphyrin/TBACl System: Experimental and Computational Studies

The cycloaddition of CO2 to N-alkyl aziridines was efficiently promoted by the convenient TPPH2/TBACl binary catalytic system. The metal-free procedure was effective for the synthesis of differently substituted N-alkyl oxazolidin-2-o

Efficient Cycloaddition of CO2and Aziridines Activated by a Quadruple-Interpenetrated Indium-Organic Framework as a Recyclable Catalyst

On the basis of the global warming effect, it is of great significance to convert CO2 into the high value-added products oxazolidinones, but investigations on main-group-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as heterogeneous catalysts still have not been

An uncommon multicentered ZnI-ZnIbond-based MOF for CO2fixation with aziridines/epoxides

A novel cluster-based MOF with uncommon multicentered ZnI-ZnIbonds {[K1.2Na2.8ZnI8(HL)12]·4H2O}n(HL = tetrazole monoanion) (1) was synthesized, which showed higher stability than the reported ZnI-ZnIbonded compounds. Moreover,1can effectively and circularly catalyze the cyclization of CO2and aziridines or epoxides with five substituent groups. Importantly, this is the first time that the catalytic properties of MOFs with multicentered metal-metal bonded clusters as the catalyst have been studied.

Isolable CO2 Adducts of Polarized Alkenes: High Thermal Stability and Catalytic Activity for CO2 Chemical Transformation

Various CO2 adducts of tetra-hydropyrimidin-2-ylidene (THPE) derived from the commercially available 1, 5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN) were firstly synthesized. X-ray single crystal analysis revealed the bent geometry of the binding CO2 having an O?C?O angle of 127.50～129.51° for THPE?CO2 adducts. In situ FTIR experiments demonstrated that THPE?CO2 adducts had unprecedented thermal stability in DMSO, even at 100 °C without decomposition. It was found that the THPE?CO2 adducts were highly active in catalyzing the carboxylative cyclization of CO2 with propargylic alcohols under mild conditions, significantly higher than the previously reported organocatalysts. Various internal and terminal functionalized propargylic alcohols were tolerated in these processes to afford the corresponding α-alkylidene cyclic carbonates in moderate to good yields with complete (Z)-stereoselectivity. Isotope labeling, in combination with in-situ FTIR and stoichiometric experiments, reveal that the catalytic reaction tends to proceed via the THPE?CO2-mediated basic ionic pair mechanism. (Figure presented.).

Synthesis of Oxazolidinones by using Carbon Dioxide as a C1 Building Block and an Aluminium-Based Catalyst

Oxazolidinone synthesis through the coupling of carbon dioxide and aziridines was catalysed by an aluminium(salphen) complex at 50–100 °C and 1–10 bar pressure under solvent-free conditions. The process was applicable to a variety of substituted aziridines, giving products with high regioselectivity. It involved the use of a sustainable and reusable aluminium-based catalyst, used carbon dioxide as a C1 source and provided access to pharmaceutically important oxazolidinones as illustrated by a total synthesis of toloxatone. This protocol was scalable, and the catalyst could be recovered and reused. A catalytic cycle was proposed based on stereochemical, kinetic and Hammett studies.

Cycloaddition of Aziridine with CO2/CS2 Catalyzed by Amidato Divalent Lanthanide Complexes

This is the first time that the amidato lanthanide amides ({LnLn[N(SiMe3)2]THF}2 (n = 1, Ln = Eu (1); n = 2, Ln = Eu (3), Yb (4); HL1 = tBuC6H4CONHC6H3(iPr)2; HL2 = C6H5CONHC6H3(iPr)2) and {L3Eu[N(SiMe3)2]THF}{L32Eu(THF)2} (2) (HL3 = ClC6H4CONHC6H3(iPr)2)) were applied in the cycloaddition reactions of aziridines with carbon dioxide (CO2) or carbon disulfide (CS2) under mild conditions. The corresponding oxazolidinones and thiazolidine-2-thiones were obtained in good to excellent yields with good functional group tolerance.

Stable metal-organic frameworks with high catalytic performance in the cycloaddition of CO2 with aziridines

Based on the mixed ligands XN (4′-(4-pyridine)4,2′:2′,4″-terpyridine) and isophthalic acid (IPA), three new metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) {[M2(XN)2(IPA)2]?2H2O}n (M=Co (1), Mn (2), Ni (3)) were assembled and structurally characterized, presenting 3D pillar-chain feature structures. Stability measurements demonstrate that these compounds possess high thermostability and can endure different organic solvents as well as various acid/base solutions with pH range of 1 to 14. Importantly, compounds 1–3 can serve as high-efficiency catalysts for the transformation of CO2 and aziridines to form high-value oxazolidinones under mild conditions, exhibiting excellent cyclicity at least five times.