1754-74-1Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Cu-Catalyzed Site-Selective Benzylic Chlorination Enabling Net C–H Coupling with Oxidatively Sensitive Nucleophiles
Lopez, Marco A.,Buss, Joshua A.,Stahl, Shannon S.
supporting information, p. 597 - 601 (2022/01/20)
Site-selective chlorination of benzylic C–H bonds is achieved using a CuICl/bis(oxazoline) catalyst with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide as the oxidant and KCl as a chloride source. This method exhibits higher benzylic selectivity, relative to estab
Ferric(III) Chloride Catalyzed Halogenation Reaction of Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids Using α,α-Dichlorodiphenylmethane
Lee, Chang-Hee,Lee, Soo-Min,Min, Byul-Hana,Kim, Dong-Su,Jun, Chul-Ho
supporting information, p. 2468 - 2471 (2018/04/25)
A new method for chlorination of alcohols and carboxylic acids, using α,α-dichlorodiphenylmethane as the chlorinating agent and FeCl3 as the catalyst, was developed. The method enables conversions of various alcohols and carboxylic acids to their corresponding alkyl and acyl chlorides in high yields under mild conditions. Particulary interesting is the observation that the respective alkyl bromides and iodides can be generated from alcohols when either LiBr or LiI are present in the reaction mixtures.
Silica gel-mediated hydrohalogenation of unactivated alkenes using hydrohalogenic acids under organic solvent-free conditions
Tanemura, Kiyoshi
supporting information, p. 4293 - 4298 (2018/11/10)
Silica gel-mediated hydrochlorination of unactivated alkenes using 35% hydrochloric acid under organic solvent-free conditions proceeded to give the corresponding chlorides in good yields. Hydrobromination or hydriodination using 47% hydrobromic acid or 55% hydriodic acid afforded the corresponding halides, respectively. Silica gel could be recycled five times without any significant loss of activities.
Nucleophilic Substitutions of Alcohols in High Levels of Catalytic Efficiency
Stach, Tanja,Dr?ger, Julia,Huy, Peter H.
supporting information, p. 2980 - 2983 (2018/05/28)
A practical method for the nucleophilic substitution (SN) of alcohols furnishing alkyl chlorides, bromides, and iodides under stereochemical inversion in high catalytic efficacy is introduced. The fusion of diethylcyclopropenone as a simple Lewis base organocatalyst and benzoyl chloride as a reagent allows notable turnover numbers up to 100. Moreover, the use of plain acetyl chloride as a stoichiometric promotor in an invertive SN-type transformation is demonstrated for the first time. The operationally straightforward protocol exhibits high levels of stereoselectivity and scalability and tolerates a variety of functional groups.
A General Catalytic Method for Highly Cost- and Atom-Efficient Nucleophilic Substitutions
Huy, Peter H.,Filbrich, Isabel
supporting information, p. 7410 - 7416 (2018/04/30)
A general formamide-catalyzed protocol for the efficient transformation of alcohols into alkyl chlorides, which is promoted by substoichiometric amounts (down to 34 mol %) of inexpensive trichlorotriazine (TCT), is introduced. This is the first example of a TCT-mediated dihydroxychlorination of an OH-containing substrate (e.g., alcohols and carboxylic acids) in which all three chlorine atoms of TCT are transferred to the starting material. The consequently enhanced atom economy facilitates a significantly improved waste balance (E-factors down to 4), cost efficiency, and scalability (>50 g). Furthermore, the current procedure is distinguished by high levels of functional-group compatibility and stereoselectivity, as only weakly acidic cyanuric acid is released as exclusive byproduct. Finally, a one-pot protocol for the preparation of amines, azides, ethers, and sulfides enabled the synthesis of the drug rivastigmine with twofold SN2 inversion, which demonstrates the high practical value of the presented method.
METHOD OF CONVERTING ALCOHOL TO HALIDE
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Page/Page column 50; 144; 148; 149, (2017/01/02)
The present invention relates to a method of converting an alcohol into a corresponding halide. This method comprises reacting the alcohol with an optionally substituted aromatic carboxylic acid halide in presence of an N-substituted formamide to replace a hydroxyl group of the alcohol by a halogen atom. The present invention also relates to a method of converting an alcohol into a corresponding substitution product. The second method comprises: (a) performing the method of the invention of converting an alcohol into the corresponding halide; and (b) reacting the corresponding halide with a nucleophile to convert the halide into the nucleophilic substitution product.
Formamides as Lewis Base Catalysts in SNReactions—Efficient Transformation of Alcohols into Chlorides, Amines, and Ethers
Huy, Peter H.,Motsch, Sebastian,Kappler, Sarah M.
supporting information, p. 10145 - 10149 (2016/08/16)
A simple formamide catalyst facilitates the efficient transformation of alcohols into alkyl chlorides with benzoyl chloride as the sole reagent. These nucleophilic substitutions proceed through iminium-activated alcohols as intermediates. The novel method, which can be even performed under solvent-free conditions, is distinguished by an excellent functional group tolerance, scalability (>100 g) and waste-balance (E-factor down to 2). Chiral substrates are converted with excellent levels of stereochemical inversion (99 %→≥95 % ee). In a practical one-pot procedure, the primary formed chlorides can be further transformed into amines, azides, ethers, sulfides, and nitriles. The value of the method was demonstrated in straightforward syntheses of the drugs rac-Clopidogrel and S-Fendiline.
Aromatic cation activation of alcohols: Conversion to alkyl chlorides using dichlorodiphenylcyclopropene
Kelly, Brendan D.,Lambert, Tristan H.
supporting information; experimental part, p. 13930 - 13931 (2009/12/25)
(Chemical Equation Presented) A novel paradigm for the activation of alcohols toward nucleophilic displacement via formation of cyclopropenium ethers is described. The conversion of a range of alcohol substrates to the corresponding alkyl chlorides occurs rapidly upon treatment with 3,3-dichloro-1,2-diphenylcyclopropene. 1H NMR data support the intermediacy of a cyclopropenium intermediate, and the reaction is demonstrated to proceed primarily via the SN2 mechanism for 1-phenylethanol. A total of 12 examples of substrate scope are provided.
Phenyl versus alkyl migration in the fragmentation of alkoxychlorocarbenes
Moss, Robert A.,Fu, Xiaolin
, p. 235 - 237 (2007/10/03)
Phenyl versus methyl (alkyl) group migration is assessed in the fragmentations of neophyloxychlorocarbene, 2,2-diphenylpropyloxychlorocarbene, and 1-phenylcyclopropylmethoxychlorocarbene. Rate constants and activation parameters of the fragmentations are also reported.
