1783-46-6Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Carbonylation of Amines by Carbon Dioxide in the Presence of an Organoantimony Catalyst
Nomura, Ryoki,Hasegawa, Yasuhiro,Ishimoto, Mikio,Toyosaki, Takayuki,Matsuda, Haruo
, p. 7339 - 7342 (1992)
1,3-Dialkylureas (RNHCONHR; where R = Bu, i-Bu, s-Bu, t-Bu, allyl, Ph) and tetramethylurea were successfully prepared at 80 deg C under an initial CO2 pressure of 4.9 MPa, from the corresponding amines and carbon dioxide with catalysis by triphenylstibine oxide and assistance from tetraphosphorus decasulfide (Ph3SbO/P4S10).Monitoring of the reaction by 13C NMR revealed that the successive thiolation of carbamic acid to an intermediate antimony carbamate species and aminolysis of the carbamothioic acid thus formed constitute the reaction course.Cyclic ureas can also be synthesized by similar carbonylations of diamines (RNHCH2CH2NHR'; where R, R' = H, H; Me, H; Ph, H; HOCH2CH2, H; HOCHMeCH2, H; Me, Me).Furthermore, the Ph3SbO/P4S10 catalyst system enabled the preparation of trisubstituted ureas such as 1-butyl-3,3-diethylurea by a selective cocarbonylation of butylamine and diethylamine.
Synthesis of urea derivatives from amines and CO2 in the absence of catalyst and solvent
Wu, Chaoyong,Cheng, Haiyang,Liu, Ruixia,Wang, Qiang,Hao, Yufen,Yu, Yancun,Zhao, Fengyu
experimental part, p. 1811 - 1816 (2011/02/22)
Urea derivatives are obtained in mild to good yield from the reactions of primary aliphatic amines with CO2 in the absence of any catalysts, organic solvents or other additives. To optimize reaction conditions, experimental variables including temperature, pressure, the concentration of amine, reaction time etc. were studied. Satisfactory yields were obtained at the optimized conditions that are comparable to the presence of catalyst and solvent. The preliminary investigation of the reaction mechanism showed that alkyl ammonium alkyl carbamate was quickly formed as the intermediate, and then the final product was formed by the intramolecular dehydration.
