181783-75-5Relevant articles and documents
Molar scale synthesis of enantiopure stilbene oxide
Chang, Han-Ting,Sharpless, K. Barry
, p. 6456 - 6457 (1996)
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Stereochemical divergence in the formation of organic carbonates derived from internal epoxides
Whiteoak, Christopher J.,Martin, Eddy,Escudero-Adan, Eduardo,Kleij, Arjan W.
, p. 2233 - 2239 (2013)
Catalysis of the challenging cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to internal epoxides has been studied using iron (III) amine triphenolate complexes and particular focus has been given to the stereochemical regulation of this process. When pure cis- or trans-2,3-epoxybutane is used as substrate, the stereochemistry of the product can be controlled yielding selectively cis- or trans-cyclic carbonates for both epoxidic substrates. This stereochemical divergence relates to two accessible catalytic pathways leading to either the cis or trans product via two distinct ring-closure steps. The involved mechanism and stereocontrol is a function of the catalyst/co-catalyst loading, and is further influenced by the medium, temperature and catalyst/co-catalyst structure. Other trans-internal epoxides could also be successfully converted into the pure trans-cyclic carbonate products without any loss of stereochemical information.
A Bimetallic Aluminium(Salphen) Complex for the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Epoxides and Carbon Dioxide
Wu, Xiao,North, Michael
, p. 74 - 78 (2017/01/17)
A bimetallic aluminium(salphen) complex is reported as a sustainable, efficient and inexpensive catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide. In the presence of this complex and tetrabutylammonium bromide, terminal and internal epoxides reacted at 50 °C and 10 bar carbon dioxide pressure to afford their corresponding cyclic carbonates in yields of 50–94 % and 30–71 % for terminal and internal cyclic carbonates, respectively. Mechanistic studies using deuterated epoxides and an analogous monometallic aluminium(salphen) chloride complex support a mechanism for catalysis by the bimetallic complex, which involves intramolecular cooperative catalysis between the two aluminium centres.
Iron-Catalyzed Synthesis of Five-Membered Cyclic Carbonates from Vicinal Diols: Urea as Sustainable Carbonylation Agent
Pe?a-López, Miguel,Neumann, Helfried,Beller, Matthias
supporting information, p. 3721 - 3727 (2016/08/16)
A new iron-catalyzed synthesis of cyclic carbonates from the corresponding vicinal diols and urea is described. This straightforward transformation allows for the preparation of a variety of five-membered carbonates by employing an inexpensive and environmentally benign iron salt as the catalyst. The use of readily available feedstocks such as urea and polyols makes this a sustainable process. As ammonia is formed as the only stoichiometric byproduct, this process can also be characterized by its high atom economy.