1918-16-7 Usage
Chemical Properties
Different sources of media describe the Chemical Properties of 1918-16-7 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Tan powder. Mp 68C. Soluble in alcohol,
benzene.
2. Propachlor is a light tan solid.
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 1918-16-7 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Herbicide.
2. Selective preemergence herbicide used to control most annual grasses and some
broad-leaved weeds in brassicas, corn, cotton, flax, leeks, maize, milo, onions, peas, roses,
ornamental trees and shrubs, soybeans, sugarcane.
Definition
ChEBI: An anilide that consists of 2-chloroacetanilide bearing an N-isopropyl substituent.
General Description
Light tan solid. Corrosive to iron and steel. Used as an herbicide.
Air & Water Reactions
Hydrolyzed by strong acid and base.
Reactivity Profile
A chloroacetanilide derivative.
Hazard
Toxic by ingestion and skin absorption.
Agricultural Uses
Herbicide: 217-638-2 [Annex I Index No.: 616-008-00-8] Uses: A pre-emergence herbicide used to combat annual grasses and broad-leaved weeds in corn, sorghum, soybeans, cotton, sugar cane, sugar beets, vegetable crops, forage crops, pasture land and range land. Also used to control weeds in groundnuts, leeks, onions, peas, maize, roses and ornamental trees and shrubs. Not approved for use in EU countries. Not registered for use in the U.S. except California.
Trade name
AATRAM?[C]; ACLID?; AI3-51503?; ALBRASS?; BEXTON?[C]; CIPA?; CP 31393?; KARTEX A?; NITICID?; RAMROD?; RAMROD? 65; SATECID?; WALLOP?[C]
Potential Exposure
Those engaged in the manufacture,
formulation and application of this preemergence herbicide
which is used to combat annual grasses and broad-leaved
weeds in corn, soybeans, cotton, sugar cane and
vegetable crops.
Environmental Fate
Biological. In the presence of suspended natural populations from unpolluted aquatic
systems, the second-order microbial transformation rate constant determined in the laboratory was reported to be 1.1 × 10–9 L/organisms-hour (Steen, 1991).
Groundwater. According to the U.S. EPA (1986) propachlor has a high potential to
leach to groundwater.
Plant. In corn seedlings and excised leaves of corn, sorghum, sugarcane and barley,
propachlor was metabolized to at least three water-soluble products. Two of these metabolites were identified as a γ-glutamylcysteine conjugate of propachlor and a glutathione
conjugate of propachlor. It was postulated that both compounds were intermediate compounds in corn seedlings since they were not detected 3 days following treatment (Lamoureux et al., 1971).
Photolytic. When propachlor in an aqueous ethanolic solution was irradiated with UV
light (λ = 290 nm) for 5 hours, 80% decomposed to the following cyclic photo-products:
N-isopropyloxindole, N-isopropyl-3-hydroxyoxindole and a spiro compound. Irradiation
of propachlor in an aqueous solution containing riboflavin as a sensitizer resulted in
completed degradation of the parent compound. m-Hydroxypropachlor was the only compound identified in trace amounts which formed via ring hydroxylation (Rejt? et al., 1984).
Hydrolyzes under alkaline conditions forming N-isopropylaniline (Sittig, 1985) which is
also a product of microbial metabolism (Novick et al., 1986).
Chemical/Physical. Emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides and chlorine when heated
to decomposition (Sax and Lewis, 1987). Hydrolyzes under alkaline conditions forming
N-isopropylaniline (Sittig, 1985) which is also a product of microbial metabolism (Novicket al., 1986). Propachlor is rapidly hydrolyzed in Water (Yu et al., 1975a). The hydrolysis
half-lives at 68.0°C and pH values of 3.10 and 10.20 were calculated to be 36.6 and 1.2
days, respectively (Ellington et al., 1986).
Shipping
UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical
Name Required. UN2588 Pesticides, solid, toxic, Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical
Name Required. UN3077 Environmentally hazardous sub-
stances, solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous
hazardous material, Technical Name Required.
Incompatibilities
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explo-
sions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,
strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Attacks carbon steel.
Compounds of the carboxyl group react with all bases, both
inorganic and organic (i.e., amines) releasing substantial
heat, water and a salt that may be harmful. Incompatible
with arsenic compounds (releases hydrogen cyanide gas),
diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans,
nitrides, and sulfides (releasing heat, toxic and possibly flam-
mable gases), thiosulfates and dithionites (releasing hydrogen
sulfate and oxides of sulfur).
Waste Disposal
Alkaline hydrolysis would
yield N-isopropylaniline. However, incineration @ 850 ? C
together with flue gas scrubbing is the preferred disposal
method .
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 1918-16-7 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 1,9,1 and 8 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 1 and 6 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 1918-16:
(6*1)+(5*9)+(4*1)+(3*8)+(2*1)+(1*6)=87
87 % 10 = 7
So 1918-16-7 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C11H14ClNO/c1-8(2)13(9(3)14)11-7-5-4-6-10(11)12/h4-8H,1-3H3
1918-16-7Relevant articles and documents
NOXIOUS ARTHROPOD CONTROL AGENT CONTAINING AMIDE COMPOUND
-
, (2017/08/26)
An object of the present invention is to provide a compound having the controlling activity on a noxious arthropod, and a noxious arthropod controlling agent containing an amide compound of formula (I): wherein X represents a nitrogen atom or a CH group, p represents 0 or 1, A represents a tetrahydrofuranyl group or the like, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 represent a hydrogen atom or the like, n represents 1 or 2, Y represents an oxygen atom or the like, m represents any integer of 0 to 7, and Q represents a C1-8 chain hydrocarbon group optionally having a phenyl group or the like, has the excellent noxious arthropod controlling effect.
Higher-Affinity Agonists of 5-HT1AR Discovered through Tuning the Binding-Site Flexibility
Lian, Peng,Li, Linlang,Geng, Chuanrong,Zhen, Xuechu,Fu, Wei
, p. 1616 - 1627 (2015/09/01)
Discovery of high-affinity and high-selectivity agonists of 5-HT1AR has become very attractive due to their potential therapeutic effects on multiple 5-HT1AR-related psychological and neurological problems. On the basis of our previously designed lead compound FW01 (Ki = 51.9 nM, denoted as 9a in the present study), we performed large-scale molecular dynamics simulations and molecular docking operations on 5-HT1AR-9a binding. We found the flip-packing events for the headgroup of 9a, and we also found that its tail group could bind flexibly at the agonist-binding site of 5-HT1AR. By finely tuning the flip-packing phenomenon of the 9a headgroup and tuning the binding flexibility of 9a tail group, we virtually designed a series of new 9a derivatives through molecular docking operations and first-principles calculations and predicted that these newly designed 9a derivatives should be higher-affinity agonists of 5-HT1AR. The computational predictions on the new 9a derivatives have been confirmed by our wet-experimental studies as chemical synthesis, binding affinity assays, and agonistic-function assays. The consistency between our computational design and wet-experimental measurements has led to our discovery of higher-affinity agonists of 5-HT1AR, with ~50-fold increase in receptor-binding affinity and ~25-fold improvements in agonistic function. In addition, our newly designed 5-HT1AR agonists showed very high selectivity of 5-HT1AR over subtype 5-HT2AR and also over three subtypes of dopamine receptors (D1, D2, and D3). (Graph Presented).
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Nucleophilic Displacement Reactions of Chloroacetanilide Herbicides: Investigation of α-Substituent Effects
Lippa, Katrice A.,Demel, Sandra,Lau, Irvin H.,Roberts, A. Lynn
, p. 3010 - 3021 (2007/10/03)
The ease with which α-chloroacetanilide herbicides undergo displacement reactions with strong nucleophiles, and their recalcitrance toward weak ones, is intimately related to their herbicidal properties and environmental chemistry. In this study, we investigate the kinetics and mechanisms of nucleophilic substitution reactions of propachlor and alachlor in aqueous solution. The role played by the α-amide group was examined by including several structurally related analogs of propachlor possessing modified α substituents. The overall second-order nature of the reaction, the negative ΔS? values, the weak influence of ionic strength on reactivity, and structure-reactivity trends together support an intermolecular SN2 mechanism rather than an intramolecular reaction for α-chlomacetanilides as well as the a-chlorothioacetanilide analog of propachlor. In contrast, the α-methylene analog exhibits kinetics and a salt effect consistent with anchimeric assistance by the aniline nitrogen. Electronic interactions with the α-anilide substituent, rather than neighboring group participation, can be inferred to govern the reactivity of α-chloroacetanilides toward nucleophiles.