19590-55-7Relevant articles and documents
A NEW SYNTHETIC ROUTE TO PYROGALLOLESTROGEN DIMETHYL ETHERS BY NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION OF 2,4-DIBROMOESTROGENS
Zheng, Xu-hua,Wang, Wen-long,Zhong, Zhi-zheng,Xu, Zhen-bon,Zhao, Hua-ming
, p. 121 - 124 (1982)
A novel synthetic route to pyrogallolestrogen dimethyl ethers was developed.Benzo-15-crown-5 with CuI catalyses the specific nucleophilic substitution of bromo atoms by methoxide ions.
Chemical synthesis of two novel diaryl ether dimers of estradiol-17β
Lee, Anthony J.,Sowell, J. Walter,Cotham, William E.,Zhu, Bao Ting
, p. 61 - 65 (2007/10/03)
We recently detected the formation of estradiol-17β (estradiol) dimers, linked together through a diaryl ether bond between the C-3 phenolic oxygen of one estradiol molecule and the 2- or 4-position aromatic carbon of another estradiol, following incubations of [3H]estradiol with human liver microsomes or cytochrome P450 enzymes in the presence of NADPH. Using estradiol as the starting material, we designed a four-step method for the chemical synthesis of these two estrogen dimers with the Ullmann condensation reaction as a key step. Step 1: Synthesis of 2- or 4-bromoestradiol from estradiol. Step 2: Protection of the C-3 phenolic hydroxyl group of the 2- or 4-bromoestradiol. Step 3: The Ullmann condensation reaction between the phenol-protected bromoestradiol and the estradiol potassium salt under our modified reaction conditions (with a 41% product yield). Step 4: Removal of the C-3 benzyl group by catalytic hydrogenation. The chromatographic and various spectrometric properties of the two synthesized compounds were identical to those metabolically formed by human cytochrome P450 3A4.
Reaction of Benzeneselenyl Halides with Estrogens
Ali, Hasrat,Lier, Johan E. van
, p. 269 - 271 (2007/10/02)
The reaction of estradiol and estrone with benzeneselenyl chloride affords mainly 2-phenylselenyl adducts which are readily converted into the corresponding 2-halogenated estrogens upon treatment with a variety of reagents.