1985-59-7Relevant articles and documents
Surface-Mediated Reactions. 6. Effects of Silica Gel and Alumina on Acid-Catalyzed Reactions
Kropp, Paul J.,Breton, Gary W.,Craig, Stephen L.,Crawford, Scott D.,Durland, William F.,et al.
, p. 4146 - 4152 (2007/10/02)
Absorption of a variety of acids to chromatographic silica gel results in substantial enhancement of their catalytic activity-affording easily prepared, environmentally benign heterogeneous acids that are highly effective in mediating a number of processes.This was shown for the isomerization of allene 1 and dimerization of the corresponding 1,3-diene 2; cyclization of (R)-citronellal (5), the related diester 10, and 1,5-cyclooctadiene (15); Rupe rearrangement of alkynol 18; and Friedel-Crafts cyclodehydration of alcohols 21.By contrast, commercially available Nafion-H was significantly less effective as a heterogeneous acid catalyst.Chromatographic alumina displayed enigmatic behavior, showing enhanced acidity on the adsorption of HCl but little or no acidity on the adsorption of a variety of other types of acid.The results are discussed in terms of the surface structures of silica gel and alumina.
Direct Geminal Dimethylation of Ketones and Exhaustive Methylation of Carboxylic Acid Chlorides Using Dichlorodimethyltitanium
Reetz, Manfred T.,Westermann, Juergen,Kyung, Suk-Hun
, p. 1050 - 1057 (2007/10/02)
The reaction of ketones with an excess of (CH3)2TiCl2 (6) leads to the replacement of the carbonyl oxygen atom by two methyl groups.This mild method of direct geminal dimethylation involves Grignard-type addition followed by formation of tertiary carbocations which are captured by methyltitanium species.Additional functional groups such as primary alkyl chlorides, thioethers, aromatics, ethers and esters are tolerated, but not thioketals.The procedure has been applied to the synthesis of (+/-)-cuparene (44).Similarly, carboxylic acid chlorides are converted to tert-butyl derivatives.