2046-33-5Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Diverse meta-C?H Functionalization of Arenes across Different Linker Lengths
Jayarajan, Ramasamy,Das, Jayabrata,Bag, Sukdev,Chowdhury, Rajdip,Maiti, Debabrata
, p. 7659 - 7663 (2018)
Arenes containing conformationally flexible long alkyl chains have been successfully functionalized at the meta-position. Good to excellent meta selectivity is achieved for systems with up to 20 atoms between the target C?H bond and the coordinating heter
Umpolung Strategy for Arene C?H Etherification Leading to Functionalized Chromanes Enabled by I(III) N-Ligated Hypervalent Iodine Reagents
Mikhael, Myriam,Guo, Wentao,Tantillo, Dean J.,Wengryniuk, Sarah E.
supporting information, p. 4867 - 4875 (2021/09/14)
The direct formation of aryl C?O bonds via the intramolecular dehydrogenative coupling of a C?H bond and a pendant alcohol represents a powerful synthetic transformation. Herein, we report a method for intramolecular arene C?H etherification via an umpoled alcohol cyclization mediated by an I(III) N-HVI reagent. This approach provides access to functionalized chromane scaffolds from primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols via a cascade cyclization-iodonium salt formation, the latter providing a versatile functional handle for downstream derivatization. Computational studies support initial formation of an umpoled O-intermediate via I(III) ligand exchange, followed by competitive direct and spirocyclization/1,2-shift pathways. (Figure presented.).
Remarkably high catalyst efficiency of a disilaruthenacyclic complex for hydrosilane reduction of carbonyl compounds
Tahara, Atsushi,Sunada, Yusuke,Takeshita, Takashi,Inoue, Ryoko,Nagashima, Hideo
supporting information, p. 11192 - 11195 (2018/10/24)
A disilaruthenacyclic complex (1) showed extremely high catalytic activity for hydrosilane reduction of aldehydes and ketones to silyl ethers and secondary and tertiary amides to the corresponding amines. An σ-CAM mechanism was proposed to explain the activity.
Cyclopropyl Group: An Excited-State Aromaticity Indicator?
Ayub, Rabia,Papadakis, Raffaello,Jorner, Kjell,Zietz, Burkhard,Ottosson, Henrik
supporting information, p. 13684 - 13695 (2017/09/07)
The cyclopropyl (cPr) group, which is a well-known probe for detecting radical character at atoms to which it is connected, is tested as an indicator for aromaticity in the first ππ* triplet and singlet excited states (T1 and S1). Baird's rule says that the π-electron counts for aromaticity and antiaromaticity in the T1 and S1 states are opposite to Hückel's rule in the ground state (S0). Our hypothesis is that the cPr group, as a result of Baird's rule, will remain closed when attached to an excited-state aromatic ring, enabling it to be used as an indicator to distinguish excited-state aromatic rings from excited-state antiaromatic and nonaromatic rings. Quantum chemical calculations and photoreactivity experiments support our hypothesis; calculated aromaticity indices reveal that openings of cPr substituents on [4n]annulenes ruin the excited-state aromaticity in energetically unfavorable processes. Yet, polycyclic compounds influenced by excited-state aromaticity (e.g., biphenylene), as well as 4nπ-electron heterocycles with two or more heteroatoms represent limitations.
Single-Electron-Transfer-Induced Coupling of Alkylzinc Reagents with Aryl Iodides
Okura, Keisho,Shirakawa, Eiji
, p. 3043 - 3046 (2016/07/14)
Alkylzinc reagents prepared from an alkyllithium and zinc iodide were found to undergo coupling with aryl and alkenyl iodides in the presence of LiI in a mixed solvent consisting of THF and diglyme (1:1). Alkyllithiums, prepared by halogen–lithium exchange between an alkyl iodide and tert-butyllithium, are also converted to alkylarenes through alkylzinc reagents.
Indium(i)-catalyzed alkyl-allyl coupling between ethers and an allylborane
Dao, Hai Thanh,Schneider, Uwe,Kobayashi, Shu
supporting information; experimental part, p. 692 - 694 (2011/03/22)
An efficient method for alkyl-allyl cross-coupling between ethers and a 9-BBN-derived allylborane catalyzed by indium(i) triflate has been developed. The allylborane proved to be essential to obtain the desired products in high yields. The reaction displayed good substrate scope including high functional group tolerance. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011.
NOVEL INHIBITORS
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Page/Page column 139-140, (2011/05/03)
The invention relates to novel pyrrolidine derivatives of formula (I): wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined herein, as inhibitors of glutaminyl cyclase (QC, EC 2.3.2.5). QC catalyzes the intramolecular cyclization of N-terminal glutamine residues into pyroglutamic acid (5-oxo-prolyl, pGlu*) under liberation of ammonia and the intramolecular cyclization of N-terminal glutamate residues into pyroglutamic acid under liberation of water.
Reduction of esters to ethers utilizing the powerful lewis acid BF 2OTf·OEt2
Morra, Nicholas A.,Pagenkopf, Brian L.
, p. 511 - 514 (2008/12/21)
The direct reduction of esters to their corresponding ethers has been achieved using the Lewis acid BF2OTf·OEt2 generated via anionic redistribution between TMSOTf and BF3·OEt 2 with triethylsilane acting as the
Efficient H/D exchange reactions of alkyl-substituted benzene derivatives by means of the Pd/C-H2-D2O system
Esaki, Hiroyoshi,Aoki, Fumiyo,Umemura, Miho,Kato, Masatsugu,Maegawa, Tomohiro,Monguchi, Yasunari,Sajiki, Hironao
, p. 4052 - 4063 (2008/02/08)
A method for efficient and extensive H/D exchange of substituted benzene derivatives which is catalyzed by heterogeneous Pd/C in D2O as a deuterium source under hydrogen atmosphere is described. Multideuterium incorporation into unactivated linear or branched alkyl chains that bear a carboxyl, hydroxyl, ether, ester, or amide moiety and are connected with a benzene ring was achieved by using the Pd/C-H2-D2O system. The present method does not require expensive deuterium gas or any special equipment.
Hydrogen bonding of 2-tetrazenes, 2. Synthesis and structural studies of hydroxyalkyl-substituted 2-tetrazenes
Porath, Bernd,Rademacher, Paul,Boese, Roland,Bl?ser, Dieter
, p. 365 - 376 (2007/10/03)
Five hydroxyethyl-2-tetrazenes (1 - 5) and their methyl ethers (6 - 10) have been synthesized and hydrogen bonding in these compounds has been investigated by theoretical and spectroscopic (IR, 1H NMR, 15N NMR) methods. The structure of 1,1,4,4-tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-tetrazene (4) was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Several conformations with intramolecular hydrogen bonds were investigated by ab initio B3LYP as well as semiempirical SCF calculations. In all cases, conformers with OH---N hydrogen bonds with azo nitrogen atoms as acceptors (conformers A, B, C) are found as most stable. In compounds with small or flexible N1- and N4- substituents R besides the hydroxyethyl group (3, 4), hydrogen bonds forming six-membered rings, with the R groups taking syn positions at the N1-N2 and N3-N4 bonds (conformer A), are preferred over those with seven-membered rings and R taking anti positions (conformer B). Steric interaction in the other compounds (1, 2, 5) leads to destabilization of conformers A and conformers B become more stable. A special case is presented by compound 4 which has only hydroxyethyl substituents on the 2-tetrazene unit. In the most stable conformer (4C) there are two OH---O and one OH---N hydrogen bonds. By IR solution measurements intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds could be distinguished. Association shifts Δδ measured by 1H NMR spectroscopy, indicate that the investigated compounds exhibit comparable association properties with intermolecular association clearly prevailing. 15N NMR spectra of compounds 1 - 10 in two solvents have been measured if solubility was sufficient. The data indicate that all nitrogen atoms of 1 - 5 participate in H bonding. In the crystalline state, molecules 4 adopt a conformation without intramolecular H bonds (4D) and are associated by intermolecular OH---O hydrogen bonds that form a three-dimensional network. An untypical decomposition pattern was discovered for benzyl derivatives 5 and 10.
