20576-54-9Relevant articles and documents
Identification and Composition of Clasper Scent Gland Components of the Butterfly Heliconius erato and Its Relation to Mimicry
Darragh, Kathy,Ehlers, Stephanie,H?tling, Susan,Harig, Tim,Jiggins, Chris D.,Schulz, Stefan,Stell, Matthew,Szczerbowski, Daiane
, p. 3300 - 3313 (2021/10/12)
The butterfly Heliconius erato occurs in various mimetic morphs. The male clasper scent gland releases an anti-aphrodisiac pheromone and additionally contains a complex mixture of up to 350 components, varying between individuals. In 114 samples of five different mimicry groups and their hybrids 750 different compounds were detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Many unknown components occurred, which were identified using their mass spectra, gas chromatography/infrared spectroscopy (GC/IR)-analyses, derivatization, and synthesis. Key compounds proved to be various esters of 3-oxohexan-1-ol and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol with (S)-2,3-dihydrofarnesoic acid, accompanied by a large variety of other esters with longer terpene acids, fatty acids, and various alcohols. In addition, linear terpenes with up to seven uniformly connected isoprene units occur, e. g. farnesylfarnesol. A large number of the compounds have not been reported before from nature. Discriminant analyses of principal components of the gland contents showed that the iridescent mimicry group differs strongly from the other, mostly also separated, mimicry groups. Comparison with data from other species indicated that Heliconius recruits different biosynthetic pathways in a species-specific manner for semiochemical formation.
Preparation of regio- and stereoisomeric di- and tetrahydrogeranylgeraniols and identification of esterifying groups in natural (bacterio)chlorophylls
Tamiaki, Hitoshi,Nomura, Kota,Mizoguchi, Tadashi
, p. 6361 - 6370 (2017/11/16)
All regioisomeric di- and tetrahydrogeranylgeraniols possessing the C2[dbnd]C3 double bond were prepared as authentic samples. The synthetic C20-isoprenoid alcohols were separated well by gas chromatography. Based on the chromatographic analysis, the enzymatic reduction pathway of a geranylgeranyl group was investigated to identify the last stage of (bacterio)chlorophyll biosynthesis in phototrophs. The geranylgeranyl group was triply reduced to the phytyl group through the first regio- and stereospecific hydrogenation of C10[dbnd]C11 to C10H–C11(S)H, the second of C6[dbnd]C7 to C6H–C7(S)H, and the third of C14[dbnd]C15 to C14H–C15H. The identification of the reduction sequence completes the biosynthetic pathways for naturally occurring chlorophyll-a and bacteriochlorophyll-a bearing a phytyl group as the esterifying moiety in the 17-propionate residues.
FRAGRANCE COMPOSITION
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Paragraph 0071, (2015/09/22)
The present invention relates to: a fragrance composition containing (3S)-(6E)-2,3-dihydrofarnesal having a chemical purity of 90 mass% or more and an optical purity of 50% e.e. or more; a cosmetic product containing the fragrance composition; and a method for improving an aroma using the fragrance composition.