2142-03-2Relevant articles and documents
Synthesis of imides via palladium-catalyzed three-component coupling of aryl halides, isocyanides and carboxylic acids
Wang, Bo,He, Dan,Ren, Beige,Yao, Tuanli
, p. 900 - 903 (2020)
A palladium-catalyzed three-component synthesis of acyclic imides from feedstock aryl halides, carboxylic acids and isocyanides through the intermediacy of isoimides has been developed. The key to the success of this approach was controlled isocyanide slow addition and organic/aqueous biphasic conditions. This transition-metal-catalyzed approach features readily available starting materials, atom- and step-economy, good functional group compatibility and gram-scale synthetic capability. Utilization of this new method is illustrated in the late-stage functionalization of drugs Carprofen, Loxoprofen and Flurbiprofen. This strategy has also been successfully applied in the synthesis of cyclic imides including phthalimide, homophthalimide, and 2H-2-benzazepine-1,3-dione derivatives.
L -Proline-Catalyzed Synthesis of Phthalimide Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Lipoxygenase Inhibition Activities
Perveen, Shagufta,Orfali, Raha
, (2018)
A study was planned to synthesize the phthalimide derivatives as phthalimides have versatile biological activities. To synthesize the phthalimide derivatives, initially the reaction was optimized with various catalysts, and L-proline was found to be the best catalyst as it provided excellent yield. A series of phthalimide derivatives was synthesized by facile one-top reaction of phthalic acid with aryl amines under mild reaction conditions in the presence of L-proline as catalyst. Products were obtained in excellent yields and structurally characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, and mass spectral data. Products 1-7 were evaluated for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipoxygenase enzyme inhibition activities. Compounds 1 and 4 showed potent antioxidant activity under DPPH with IC50 values 27.3 and 25.0 μM when compared with the standard BHA (IC50 = 44.2 μM), respectively. Compounds 1 and 4 further showed strong lipoxygenase inhibition activity with IC50 values 21.34 and 20.45 μM when compared with standard baicalein (IC50 = 22.60 μM), respectively. Compound 2 was found to be promising and about equal to the used standard aspirin in the inhibition of bovine serum albumin denaturation, while other compounds showed weak-to-moderate % inhibition.
A rapid synthesis of N-aryl phthalimides under microwave irradiation in the absence of solvent
Li, Hui-Zhang,Zhang, Jin-Song,Zhou, Ya-Ming,Li, Tong-Shuang
, p. 927 - 930 (2002)
A mixture of phthalic anhydride (1) and aromatic amines (2a-h) were irradiated in a microwave oven for 2-10 min to provide N-aryl phthalimides (3a-h) in 91-95% yields.
A New Simple and Efficient Synthesis of N-Aryl Phthalimides in Ionic Liquid [bmim][PF6]
Zhou, Mei-Yun,Li, Yi-Qun,Xu, Xin-Ming
, p. 3777 - 3780 (2003)
The room temperature ionic liquid [bmim][PF6], namely 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, is used as an alternative solvent to classic solvents for the synthesis of a series of N-aryl phthalimides in good to excellent yields.
Electroselective and Controlled Reduction of Cyclic Imides to Hydroxylactams and Lactams
Bai, Ya,Shi, Lingling,Zheng, Lianyou,Ning, Shulin,Che, Xin,Zhang, Zhuoqi,Xiang, Jinbao
supporting information, p. 2298 - 2302 (2021/04/05)
An efficient and practical electrochemical method for selective reduction of cyclic imides has been developed using a simple undivided cell with carbon electrodes at room temperature. The reaction provides a useful strategy for the rapid synthesis of hydroxylactams and lactams in a controllable manner, which is tuned by electric current and reaction time, and exhibits broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance even to reduction-sensitive moieties. Initial mechanistic studies suggest that the approach heavily relies on the utilization of amines (e.g., i-Pr2NH), which are able to generate α-aminoalkyl radicals. This protocol provides an efficient route for the cleavage of C-O bonds under mild conditions with high chemoselectivity.
“On water” nano-Cu2O-catalyzed CO-free one-pot multicomponent cascade cyanation-annulation-aminolysis reaction toward phthalimides
Wen, Xiaowei,Liu, Xiaojuan,Yang, Zhiqi,Xie, Menglan,Liu, Yuxi,Long, Lipeng,Chen, Zhengwang
supporting information, p. 1738 - 1743 (2021/03/14)
An efficient nano-Cu2O-catalyzed cascade multicomponent reaction of 2-halobenzoic acids and trimethylsilyl cyanide with diverse amines was developed using water as a solvent, affording versatileN-substituted phthalimide derivatives in moderate to excellent yields. This novel strategy features carbon monoxide gas-free, environmentally benign, one-pot multistep transformation, commercially available reagents, a cheap catalyst without any additives, wide functional group tolerance, and operational convenience.
Visible-Light-Induced Metal-/Photocatalyst-Free C-H Bond Imidation of Arenes
Kuribara, Takahito,Nakajima, Masaya,Nemoto, Tetsuhiro
supporting information, p. 2235 - 2239 (2020/03/13)
In this study, a visible-light-induced intermolecular C-H bond imidation of arenes was achieved at ambient condition. By using simple phthalimide with (diacetoxyiodo)benzene and molecular iodine, direct metal-/photocatalyst-free C-N bond formation was achieved. The imidation protocol was designed by using time-dependent density functional theory calculations and experimentally demonstrated for 28 substrates with as high as 96% yield. Mechanistic studies indicated that radical-mediated aromatic substitution occurred via photolysis of N-iodophthalimide under visible-light irradiation.
Palladium Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of Substituted Biaryl Amides through Decarbonylative Arylation of Phthalimides
Samanta, Partha Kumar,Biswas, Papu
, p. 3968 - 3976 (2019/03/26)
The Pd(OAc)2 catalyzed cross-coupling of N-substituted phthalimides with aryl halide provides a single step direct access of a wide range of synthetically appealing ortho-substituted biarylamides in high yields through unique carbonyl (CO) replacement. The reaction proceeds through a ligand-free condition and is well tolerant to the diverse functionality of both imide and halide units. The reaction negates any requirement of organometallic reagent and needs a shorter reaction time and comparatively lower temperature as required for previously reported decarbonylative processes.
Ru-Catalyzed Selective C-H Bond Hydroxylation of Cyclic Imides
Yuan, Yu-Chao,Bruneau, Christian,Dorcet, Vincent,Roisnel, Thierry,Gramage-Doria, Rafael
, p. 1898 - 1907 (2019/02/05)
We report on cyclic imides as weak directing groups for selective monohydroxylation reactions using ruthenium catalysis. Whereas acyclic amides are known to promote the hydroxylation of the C(sp2)-H bond enabling five-membered ring ruthenacycle intermediates, the cyclic imides studied herein enabled the hydroxylation of the C(sp2)-H bond via larger six-membered ruthenacycle intermediates. Furthermore, monohydroxylated products were exclusively obtained (even in the presence of overstoichiometric amounts of reagents), which was rationalized by the difficulty to accommodate coplanar intermediates once the first hydroxyl group was introduced into the substrate. The same reactivity was observed in the presence of palladium catalysts.
Br?nsted acid mediated intramolecular cyclopropane ring expansion/[4 + 2]-cycloaddition
Li, Jian,Zhu, Shangrong,Xu, Qiuneng,Liu, Li,Yan, Shenghu
, p. 10004 - 10008 (2019/12/23)
A cascade reaction of 3-hydroxy-2-phenylisoindolin-1-one and cyclopropyl ketone has been developed via a Br?nsted acid-promoted ring-opening/intramolecular cross-cycloaddition/[4 + 2]-cycloaddition process. The developed methodology provides straightforward access to pentacyclic isoindolin-1-one derivatives under simple reaction conditions.
