22072-35-1Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Synthesis of indoles through acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling catalyzed by nickel on silica-alumina
Charvieux, Aubin,Hammoud, Abdul Aziz,Duclos, Marie-Christine,Duguet, Nicolas,Métay, Estelle
supporting information, (2021/07/25)
The high atom-economical formation of indoles from anilines and diols was described with affordable and easy to handle Ni/SiO2-Al2O3. After optimization, 2,3-dimethylindole was isolated with an excellent 98% yield in neat conditions. The scope of the reaction was studied and 13 indoles were isolated in 16–80% yields.
Fe-Catalyzed Sequential C(sp3)-H/N-H Annulation of 2-Methylindoles with Ethyl Trifluoropyruvate at Room Temperature: Construction of Pyrrolo[1,2-α]indoles
Wang, Le,Wang, Le,Zhou, Jia,Chen, Han-Qia,Li, Dong-Li,Lin, Jun-Bing,Lin, Jun-Bing,Li, Ke,Ding, Tong-Mei,Zhang, Shu-Yu,Zhang, Shu-Yu
supporting information, p. 4716 - 4720 (2020/06/29)
An efficient and benign iron-catalyzed room-temperature method was developed for direct sequential C(sp3)-H/N-H annulation to construct pyrroloindole scaffolds. This strategy features cheap and readily available raw materials and mild room-temperature reaction conditions and provides a green and practical method for the one-pot rapid synthesis of a wide range of diversely functionalized pyrrolo[1,2-α]indoles.
Efficient construction of fused indolines with a 2-quaternary center via an intramolecular heck reaction with a low catalyst loading
Zhao, Lei,Li, Ziyuan,Chang, Lin,Xu, Jinyi,Yao, Hequan,Wu, Xiaoming
supporting information; scheme or table, p. 2066 - 2069 (2012/06/18)
An efficient construction of fused indolines with a 2-quaternary center through a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Heck reaction of N-(2(2-halobenzoxyl)-2,3-disubstituted indoles is disclosed. This protocol provided a straightforward access to diverse fused indolines with good functional group tolerance.
Iridium- and ruthenium-catalysed synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted indoles from anilines and vicinal diols
Tursky, Matyas,Lorentz-Petersen, Linda L. R.,Olsen, Lasse B.,Madsen, Robert
experimental part, p. 5576 - 5582 (2011/02/18)
A straightforward and atom-economical method is described for the synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted indoles. Anilines and 1,2-diols are condensed under neat conditions with catalytic amounts of either [Cp*IrCl2] 2/MsOH or RuCl3·xH2O/phosphine (phosphine = PPh3 or xantphos). The reaction does not require any stoichiometric additives and only produces water and dihydrogen as byproducts. Anilines containing methyl, methoxy, chloro and fluoro substituents can participate in the cyclocondensation. Meta-substituted anilines give good regioselectivity for 6-substituted indoles, while unsymmetrical diols afford excellent regioselectivity for the indole isomer with an aryl or large alkyl group in the 2-position. The mechanism for the cyclocondensation presumably involves initial formation of the α-hydroxyketone from the diol. The ketone subsequently reacts with aniline to generate the α-hydroxyimine which rearranges to the corresponding α-aminoketone. Acid- or metal-catalysed electrophilic ring-closure with the release of water then furnishes the indole product.
