2243-81-4Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Direct conversion of aromatic aldehydes into benzamides via oxidation with potassium permanganate in liquid ammonia
Antoniak, Damian,Sakowicz, Arkadiusz,Loska, Rafa?,Makosza, Mieczys?aw
supporting information, (2015/01/08)
Oxidation of aromatic aldehydes by KMnO4 in liquid ammonia gives amides directly. The reaction proceeds satisfactorily when the aldehydes are activated by electron-withdrawing substituents on the ring.
Et4NI-catalyzed amidation of aldehydes and alcohols with ammonium salts
Wang, Gao,Yu, Qing-Ying,Chen, Shan-Yong,Yu, Xiao-Qi
, p. 414 - 417 (2014/01/06)
An efficient method for the oxidative amidation of benzylic aldehydes or alcohols with ammonium salts has been developed for the synthesis of primary amides using Et4NI as the catalyst and tert-butyl hydroperoxide as the oxidant. This amidation reaction is operationally straightforward and provides primary amides in moderate to good yields under mild conditions.
Benzamide synthesis by direct electrophilic aromatic substitution with cyanoguanidine
Naredla, Rajasekhar Reddy,Klumpp, Douglas A.
experimental part, p. 4779 - 4781 (2012/09/07)
Cyanoguanidine is an inexpensive commodity chemical and it is found to be a useful reagent for the direct Friedel-Crafts carboxamidation of arenes. The reaction works best in an excess of Bronsted superacid, an observation suggesting the involvement of a superelectrophilic intermediate. Theoretical calculations indicate that the most stable diprotonated species involves protonation at the guanidine and cyano nitrogen atoms.
Manganese oxide-catalyzed additive-and solvent-free aerobic oxidative synthesis of primary amides from primary amines
Yamaguchi, Kazuya,Wang, Ye,Mizuno, Noritaka
supporting information; experimental part, p. 633 - 635 (2012/07/30)
Various kinds of primary amides could be synthesized through indirect aerobic oxygenation of primary amines using simple amorphous MnO2 under additive-and solvent-free conditions. The catalyst/product separation was very easy, and the retrieved MnO2 catalyst could be reused without an appreciable loss of its high catalytic performance.
Room-temperature debenzylation of N-benzylcarboxamides by N-bromosuccinimide
Kuang, Liping,Zhou, Jing,Chen, Sheng,Ding, Ke
, p. 3129 - 3134 (2008/03/28)
A simple and highly efficient method has been developed with which to cleave the N-benzyl group on N-mono- or disubstituted carboxamides using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) at room temperature. All the 31 substrates examined showed moderate to excellent deprotection yields. Our study also indicated that the debenzylation may involve an oxygen/light initiated free radical mechanism. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
Ketones to amides via a formal Beckmann rearrangement in 'one pot': A solvent-free reaction promoted by anhydrous oxalic acid. Possible analogy with the Schmidt reaction
Chandrasekhar, Sosale,Gopalaiah, Kovuru
, p. 7437 - 7439 (2007/10/03)
A variety of ketones can be directly converted into the secondary amides expected from a Beckmann rearrangement of the corresponding oximes in high yield, by heating them with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and anhydrous oxalic acid at ~100°C for 4-12 h. (Aromatic aldehydes afforded mixtures of nitrile and amide.) The transformation is apparently (kinetically) driven by the coupled decomposition of oxalic acid (to CO+CO2) via the fragmentation of an intermediate oxime mono-oxalate. However, an alternative pathway, mechanistically analogous to the Schmidt reaction, is not only equally likely but may well be general for the Beckmann rearrangement.
Beckmann rearrangement of ketoximes on solid metaboric acid: A simple and effective procedure
Chandrasekhar, Sosale,Gopalaiah, Kovuru
, p. 2455 - 2457 (2007/10/03)
When ketoximes admixed with solid metaboric acid (formed from boric acid at 100°C/0.1 Torr) are heated (~140°C/7-42 h), the corresponding amides or lactams are produced in excellent yields (62-92%) via the Beckmann reaction. Aromatic aldoximes undergo both dehydration to the nitrile as well as (non-stereospecific) rearrangement under the above conditions. The absence of solvent, and the mildness and low toxicity of boric acid, characterise the present procedure.
OsO4-mediated conversion of primary amines to nitriles
Gao,Herzig,Wang
, p. 544 - 546 (2007/10/03)
Nitriles are very important intermediates in synthetic organic chemistry. Herein, we report our observation that certain primary amines can be converted to nitriles by trimethylamine N-oxide (TMO) under mild conditions in the presence of a catalytic amount of OsO4. Such a reaction could be used for synthetic purposes as well as for the analysis of functional group compatibility in designing reactions involving OsO4.
AROMATIC RADICAL-ANIONS. XI. THE REACTION OF THE PRODUCTS OF THE REDUCTION OF 1-NAPHTHONITRILE BY POTASSIUM IN THF WITH METHYL IODIDE AND WATER
Bil'kis, I. I.,Baganova, T. A.,Denisov, A. Yu.,Shteingarts, V. D.
, p. 1823 - 1829 (2007/10/02)
The action of oxygen on the product of the one-electron reduction of 1-naphthonitrile by potassium in THF gives the starting nitrile an 4,4'-dicyano-1,1'-dinaphthyl, which indicates a reversible dimerization of the 1-naphthonitrile radical-anion.In accord with this conclusions, hydrolysis of these reduction product gives napthalene , 4,4'-dicyano-1,1'-dinaphthyl, 4-cyano-1,1'-dinaphthyl, while the action of CH3I gives 1-methylnapthalene, 1-cyano-1-methyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene, and 4-cyano-4'-methyl-1,1'-dinaphtyl.
