22537-33-3Relevant articles and documents
Ga(III) nanoparticles inhibit growth of both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV and release of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 in coinfected macrophages
Choi, Seoung-Ryoung,Britigan, Bradley E.,Narayanasamy, Prabagaran
, (2017)
Treatment of individuals coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis is challenging due to the prolonged treatment requirements, drug toxicity, and emergence of drug resistance. Mononuclear phagocytes (MP; macrophages) are one of the natural reservoirs for both HIV and M. tuberculosis. Here, the treatment of HIV and M. tuberculosis coinfection was studied by preloading human macrophages with MP-targeted gallium (Ga) nanoparticles to limit subsequent simultaneous infection with both HIV and M. tuberculosis. Ga nanoparticles provided sustained drug release for 15 days and significantly inhibited the replication of both HIV and M. tuberculosis. Addition of Ga nanoparticles to MP already infected with M. tuberculosis or HIV resulted in a significant decrease in the magnitude of these infections, but the magnitude was less than that achieved with nanoparticle preloading of the MP. In addition, macrophages that were coinfected with HIV and M. tuberculosis and that were loaded with Ga nanoparticles reduced the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 secretion for up to 15 days after drug loading. Ga nanoparticles also reduced the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 secretion by ionomycin- and lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophages, likely by modulating the IκB kinase-β/NF-κB pathway. Delivery of Ga nanoparticles to macrophages is a potent long-acting approach for suppressing HIV and M. tuberculosis coinfection of macrophages in vitro and sets the stage for the development of new approaches to the treatment of these important infections.
Cyclic voltammetry of Ga(III) in sodium perchlorate and sodium thiocyanate at static mercury drop electrode
Sharma,Bhardwaj,Jain,Aggarwal
, p. 643 - 647 (2007/10/03)
Cyclic voltammetry (CV) of Ga(III)/Ga electrode process has been investigated in sodium perchlorate as well as in sodium perchlorate containing sodium thiocyanate, at Static Mercury Drop Electrode (SMDE). Large difference between cathodic and anodic peak potentials (Δe ≈ 600 mV) and ratio of anodic to cathodic peak current (Ipc/Ipa ≈ 0.1) confirm that the electrode process involving electro-reduction of Ga(III) and electro-oxidation of Ga is highly irreversible at SMDE. Effect of concentrations of sodium perchlorate, sodium thiocyanate and scan rate on the CV behaviour has also been studied. The Ga(III)/Ga electrode process remains highly irreversible in 1-4 M sodium perchlorate. However, positive shift of ≈480 mV in cathodic peak potential is observed on adding 0.5 M sodium thiocyanate to sodium perchlorate and the CV behaviour approachs closer to reversible in 4 M NaClO4+0.5 M NaSCN. Maximum anodic and cathodic peak currents of unequal heights are observed at 0.5 M sodium thiocyanate in 4 M sodium perchlorate. The electrode processes of Ga(III) reduction has been found to be diffusion controlled in 3-4 M NaClO4 in presence of 0.5 M NaSCN and electro-oxidation in 2-4 M NaClO4 in presence of 0.5 M sodium thiocyanate. Controlled potential coulometry confirms that Ga(III)/Ga electrode process involves three electron transfer and electro-oxidation of Ga to Ga (III) is much faster as compared to electro-reduction of Ga (III) in 4 M NaClO 4+0.5 M NaSCN.
