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7440-55-3Relevant articles and documents
A lanthanide-gallium complex stabilized by the N-heterocyclic carbene group
Arnold, Polly L.,Liddle, Stephen T.,McMaster, Jonathan,Jones, Cameron,Mills, David P.
, p. 5360 - 5361 (2007)
The complex [Nd(L′){Ga(NArCH)2}(N″)(THF)], which exhibits the first f-element-gallium bond, is formed from the reaction between the N-heterocyclic carbene-supported neodymium complex [Nd(L′)(N″)(I)] (L′ = ButNCH2CH2{C(NCSiMe3 CHNBut)}; N″ = N(SiMe3)2) and the anionic gallium(I) heterocycle [Ga(NArCH)2][K(tmeda)] (Ar = 2,6-Pri2C6H3). The Nd-Ga bond energy is calculated to be 386 kJ mol-1. Copyright
Bis-NHC Aluminium and Gallium Dihydride Cations [(NHC)2EH2]+ (E = Al, Ga)
Hock, Andreas,Werner, Luis,Riethmann, Melanie,Radius, Udo
, p. 4015 - 4023 (2020)
The NHC alane and gallane adducts (NHC)·AlH2I (NHC = Me2ImMe 7, iPr2Im 8, iPr2ImMe 9) and (NHC)·GaH2I (NHC = Me2ImMe 10, iPr2ImMe 11,
Mono- and digallane complexes of a tridentate amido-diamine ligand
Luo, Bing,Kucera, Benjamin E.,Gladfelter, Wayne L.
, p. 3463 - 3465 (2005)
Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl)amido gallane, H2GaN(CH 2CH2-NMe2)2, that melts at 27 °C and remains stable upon heating at 55 °C for two days, was synthesized either from the reaction of the quinuclidine adduct of monochlorogallane with the lithium salt of the corresponding amine, or from the reaction of trimethylamine gallane and the amine; the latter affords an unusual co-product with both GaH2 and GaH3 bonded to the same amido nitrogen. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2005.
Sonochemical hydrolysis of Ga3+ ions: Synthesis of scroll-like cylindrical nanoparticles of gallium oxide hydroxide
Avivi,Mastai,Hodes,Gedanken
, p. 4196 - 4199 (1999)
The sonochemical reaction of an aqueous solution of GaCl3 led to the formation of gallium oxide hydroxide rolled up in a scroll-like layered structure to give cylinders 80-120 nm in diameter and 500-600 nm in length. Small amounts of metallic Ga were incorporated with these tubes. A mechanism for this reaction has been suggested where the reaction takes place in a shell surrounding the collapsing bubble.
Squire, D. W.,Dulcey, C. S.,Lin, M. C.
, p. 112 - 117 (1986)
Determination of lanthanides (La, Ce, Nd, Sm) and other elements in metallic gallium by instrumental neutron activation analysis
Figueiredo,Avristcher,Masini,Diniz,Abr?o
, p. 36 - 39 (2002)
This paper reports the analytical results of lanthanides and other elements in pure elemental gallium. The analyses were performed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) at the nuclear reactor IEA-R1, IPEN, S?o Paulo. INAA has the advantage of being a multi-elemental and non-destructive analytical method. After irradiation, the samples were set aside for some days before running high resolution gamma spectrometry with a hyper-pure Ge detector. Gallium was recovered from the Bayer process alkaline leach solution, named by local aluminum industry as 'weak soda', (spent liquor) with a concentration of about 150 mg l-1. As a first step, gallium was recovered from the 'weak soda' and enriched using a complexing ion-exchanger of the polyamidoxime type specially synthesized in the country for this purpose. After washing the column with water and then with pure sodium hydroxide to remove the interstitial 'spent liquor', gallium was eluted from the resin. The eluted gallium solution was made to 4 mol l-1 in NaOH and subject to electrolysis. The metal was then collected from the electrodes and given a final purification step by dilute inorganic acid stripping. The most representative lanthanide elements found and analyzed in the metallic gallium were La, Ce, Nd and Sm. One of the most recent samples exhibited the following results: (μg g-1) La (16.1), Ce (15.5), Nd (11.8) and Sm (3.6). Besides the lanthanides, the following elements were also analyzed: U, Cr, Fe, Co, Zn, Mo, Se, Sb and Ba. The results showed that the metal obtained is highly pure. The purity can be enhanced by stripping the metallic gallium with a dilute mineral acid.
Monochlorogallane: Synthesis, Properties, and Structure of the Dimer H2Ga(μ-Cl)2GaH2 in the Gas Phase as determined by Electron Diffraction
Goode, Michael J.,Downs, Anthony J.,Pulham, Colin R.,Rankin, David W. H.,Robertson, Heather E.
, p. 768 - 769 (1988)
Monochlorogallane, synthesised by methathesis involving gallium(III) chloride and thrimethylsilane, has been characterised by its spectroscopic and chemical properties; electron diffraction has established the structure of the dimer H2Ga(μ-Cl)2GaH2, the p
Catalytic deoxygenation of benzaldehyde over gallium-modified ZSM-5 zeolite
Ausavasukhi, Artit,Sooknoi, Tawan,Resasco, Daniel E.
, p. 68 - 78 (2009)
The deoxygenation of benzaldehyde has been investigated over gallium-modified ZSM-5 catalysts. In the absence of H2, Ga/HZSM-5 catalyzes benzaldehyde decarbonylation resulting in benzene and CO. The active sites for this reaction are the strong
Reactions of Gallium Hydrides with 1,4-Di-t-butyl-1,4-diazabutadiene: Subvalent and Hydrometallation Products
Henderson, Mark J.,Kennard, Colin H. L.,Raston, Colin L.,Smith, Graham
, p. 1203 - 1204 (1990)
Reaction of LiGaH4 and gallium metal with 1,4-di-t-butyl-1,4-diazabutadiene (dbdab) in diethyl ether at room temperature yields the monomeric, formally gallium(II) species , (1), previously prepared using metal vapours, and GaH3*NMe3 with dbda
Reactions of a gallium(ll)-diazabutadiene dimer, [(([(H)C(BU t)N]2)GaI)2], with [MESiMe3J 2] (M = Li or Na; e = N, P, or As): Structural, EPR, and ENDOR characterization of paramagnetic gallium(lll) pnictide complexes
Antcllff, Karen L.,Baker, Robert J.,Jones, Cameron,Murphy, Damien M.,Rose, Richard P.
, p. 2098 - 2105 (2005)
The reactions of the paramagnetic gallium(ll) complex [((Bu t-DAB)Gal)2] (But-DAB = {(Bu tNC(H)}2) with the alkali metal pnictides [ME(SiMe 3)2] (M = Li or Na; E = N, P, or As) have been carried out under a range of stoichiometries. The 1:2 reactions have led to a series of paramagnetic gallium(III)-pnictide complexes, [(But-DAB) Ga{E(SiMe3)2}I] (E = N, P, or As), while two of the 1:4 reactions afforded [(But-DAB)Ga{ E(SiMe3) 2}2] (E = P or As). In contrast, treatment of [{(Bu t-DAB)Gal)2] with 4 equiv of [NaN(SiMe3) 2} resulted in a novel gallium heterocycle coupling reaction and the formation of the diradical species [(But-DAB)Ga{N(SiMe 3)2){[CC(H)N2(But) 2]Ga[N(SiMe3J2]CH3)]. The mechanism of this unusual reaction has been explored, and evidence suggests it involves an intramolecular transmethylation reaction. The X-ray crystal structures of all prepared complexes are reported, and all have been characterized by EPR and ENDOR spectroscopies. The observed spin Hamiltonian parameters provide a detailed picture of the distribution of the unpaired spin density over the molecular frameworks of the complexes.
Ga9(CMe3)9, an important new building block in the structural chemistry of the alkylelement(I) compounds EnRn (E = B - In)
Uhl, Werner,Cuypers, Lars,Harms, Klaus,Kaim, Wolfgang,Wanner, Matthias,Winter, Rainer,Koch, Rainer,Saak, Wolfgang
, p. 566 - 568 (2001)
A simple preparative method has been employed for the synthesis of the novel cluster compound Ga9 (CMe3)9, which contains a tricapped trigonal prism of monovalent gallium atoms. Electron transfer processes, were observed similar to those of polyboranes, leading to the reversible formation of the corresponding radical anion.
Synthesis and catalytic properties of nanoparticulate intermetallic Ga-Pd compounds
Armbruester, Marc,Wowsnick, Gregor,Friedrich, Matthias,Heggen, Marc,Cardoso-Gil, Raul
, p. 9112 - 9118 (2011)
A two-step synthesis for the preparation of single-phase and nanoparticulate GaPd and GaPd2 by coreduction of ionic metal-precursors with LiHBEt3 in THF without additional stabilizers is described. The coreduction leads initially to the formation of Pd nanoparticles followed by a Pd-mediated reduction of Ga3+ on their surfaces, requiring an additional annealing step. The majority of the intermetallic particles have diameters of 3 and 7 nm for GaPd and GaPd 2, respectively, and unexpected narrow size distributions as determined by disk centrifuge measurements. The nanoparticles have been characterized by XRD, TEM, and chemical analysis to ensure the formation of the intermetallic compounds. Unsupported nanoparticles possess high catalytic activity while maintaining the excellent selectivity of the ground bulk materials in the semihydrogenation of acetylene. The activity could be further increased by depositing the particles on α-Al2O3.
Unexpected formation of gallium-gallium single bonds by irradiation of the hydride [(Me3C)2GaH]3
Uhl, Werner,Cuypers, Lars,Geiseler, Gertraud,Harms, Klaus,Neumueller, Bernhard
, p. 2398 - 2400 (2001)
Di(tert-butyl)gallium hydride 1 dismutates partially in solution forming tri(tert-butyl)gallium 2 and the sesquihydride [(Me3C)2GaH]2[H2GaCMe 3]2 (3). The loss of tert-butyl radicals upon irradiation of this mixture with day light or an UV lamp gave the hexagallium compound (Me3CGaGaCMe3)2(μ-H)2[μ-H 2Ga(CMe3)2]2 (4), which possesses two Ga-Ga single bonds. These Ga2 groups are bridged by two hydrogen atoms to give a six-membered Ga4H2 heterocycle. Couples of opposite gallium atoms of this heterocycle are bridged via Ga-H-Ga 3c-2e bonds by two H2Ga(CMe3)2 ligands, which are situated above and below the molecular plane. Compound 4 may be described as a hypho-hexagallane(14) cluster compound.
Liquid gallium columns sheathed with carbon: Bulk synthesis and manipulation
Zhan, Jinhua,Bando, Yoshio,Hu, Junqing,Golberg, Dmitri,Nakanishi, Haruyuki
, p. 11580 - 11584 (2005)
It is impossible to fabricate isolated gallium nanomaterials due to the low melting point of Ga (29.8?°C) and its high reactivity. We report the bulk synthesis of uniform liquid Ga columns encapsulated into carbon nanotubes through high-temperature chemical reaction between Ga and CH4. The diameter of filled Ga liquid columns is a??25 nm, and their length is up to several micrometers. The thickness of the carbon sheaths is a??6 nm. Simultaneous condensation of a Ga vapor and carbon clusters results in the generation of Ga-filled carbon nanotubes. A convergent 300 kV electron beam generated in a field emission high-resolution electron microscope is demonstrated to be a powerful tool for delicate manipulation of the liquid Ga nanocolumns: they can be gently joined, cut, and sealed within carbon nanotubes. The self-organization of a carbon sheath during the electron-beam irradiation is discussed. The electron-beam irradiation may also become a decent tool for Ga-filled carbon nanotube thermometer calibration. ? 2005 American Chemical Society.
Collisional quenching of Ga(5p) atoms by H2, D2 and CH4
Lee,Son,Bae,Ku
, p. 531 - 537 (1998)
Collisional quenching of Ga(5p) atoms by H2, D2 and CH4 has been studied. The gallium atoms were generated by photolysis of trimethyl gallium using a KrF laser. The Ga(5p) state was populated by two-photon excitation from the ground state and cascade fluorescence from Ga(5s) atoms was analyzed to extract quenching rate constants for Ga(5p) atoms. The apparent quenching rate constants for Ga(5p) atoms are (4.6±0.3)×10-10, (3.4±0.3)×10-10 and (7.8±0.2)×10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 by H2, D2 and CH4, respectively. It is found that the predominant process for the large quenching rate constants for Ga(5p) atoms by H2 and D2 is the energy transfer for Ga(5s) formation.
Electrodeposition of GaAs from aqueous electrolytes
Yang,Landau,Angus
, p. 3480 - 3488 (1992)
Gallium arsenide films were electrodeposited from both alkaline and acid aqueous electrolytes. Compared to other conventional methods of preparing gallium arsenide films, electrodeposition from aqueous solution has the advantages of low operating and equipment costs, relatively easy control of film properties, and no toxic volatile raw material. The cathodic deposits from an alkaline electrolyte generally were thick, porous, and powdery. With an acid electrolyte, the deposits were thinner and more compact and adherent. The effects of the following operating parameters have been characterized: applied potential, current density, electrolyte composition, cathode material, deposition temperature, pH, additives, and agitation. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy confirmed oxidation states and x-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the as-deposited films were microcrystalline GaAs which became more crystalline on annealing. Mixtures of the deposited elements of gallium and arsenic yielded crystalline gallium arsenide after annealing. Energy dispersive spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy showed that the deposited films contained some oxygen. The source of the oxygen, particularly in the acid electrolytes, is discussed. A mechanistic study confirmed conditions under which arsine is formed and reacts with gallate in the alkaline solution.
Metal-Drug Interactions: Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characteristics, Surface Morphology, and Pharmacological Activity of Ephedrine–HCl Complexes with Mo(V), Nb(V), Ga(III), and Ge(IV)
El-Habeeb,Refat
, p. 2163 - 2169 (2018/12/11)
Four new Mo(V), Nb(V), Ga(III), and Ge(IV) ephedrine complexes, [Mo(Eph)2(Cl)4].Cl, [Nb(Eph)2(Cl)3], [Ga(Eph)2(Cl)3], and [Ge(Eph)2(Cl)2] are synthesized and characterized. Composition and coordination behavior of ephedrine drug towards Mo(V), Nb(V), Ga(III), and Ge(IV) ions are deduced from microanalysis, IR spectra, molar conductance, magnetic and thermal analysis data. These support coordination of the eph ligand in its neutral state. Ephedrine has two powerful chelating sites, OH and NH, that determine its uni- or bidentate mode of action. IR spectra indicate that Mo(V) and Ga(III) coordinate to ephedrine via nitrogen atom of the NH group as a unidentate chelator with six and five coordination geometry, respectively. On the other hand, Eph ligand behaves as a monoanionic bidentate no chelating agent via the NH and deprotonated OH groups in Nb(V) and Ge(IV) complexes. Mo(V) complex demonstrates electrolytic properties, the other complexes are non-electrolytes in DMSO solutions. TG/DTG analysis makes it possible to calculate the number of solvent molecules in and outside the coordination sphere, and estimate stability of the synthesized complexes. The Eph complexes are screened in vitro for antibacterial (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and antifungal (Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans) activities. Anti-cancer action of the Mo(V) and Ga(III) complexes is assessed against the human hepato cellular carcinoma (HepG-2) tumor cell line (IC50 >1000 μg/mL).
Salt-Free Reduction of Nonprecious Transition-Metal Compounds: Generation of Amorphous Ni Nanoparticles for Catalytic C-C Bond Formation
Yurino, Taiga,Ueda, Yohei,Shimizu, Yoshiki,Tanaka, Shinji,Nishiyama, Haruka,Tsurugi, Hayato,Sato, Kazuhiko,Mashima, Kazushi
supporting information, p. 14437 - 14441 (2016/01/25)
A salt-free procedure for the generation of a wide variety of metal(0) particles, including Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu, was achieved using 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-diaza-2,5-cyclohexadiene (1), which reduced the corresponding metal precursors under mild conditions. Notably, Ni particles formed in situ from the treatment of Ni(acac)2 (acac=acetylacetonate) with 1 in toluene exhibited significant catalytic activity for reductive C-C bond-forming reactions of aryl halides in the presence of excess amounts of 1. By examination of high-magnification transmission electron microscopy images and electron diffraction patterns, we concluded that amorphous Ni nanoparticles (Ni aNPs) were essential for the high catalytic activity.
