14900-04-0

Basic information

• Product Name: triiodide
• CAS NO: 14900-04-0
• Molecular Formula: I₃
• Molecular Weight: 380.71341
• Mol File: 14900-04-0.mol
• Article Data: 74

Chemical Properties

• CAS DataBase Reference: triiodide(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: triiodide(14900-04-0)
• EPA Substance Registry System: triiodide(14900-04-0)

Safety Data

• Hazardous Substances Data: 14900-04-0(Hazardous Substances Data)

Upstream product

• 7553-56-2 iodine 
• 7732-18-5 water 
• 14362-44-8 iodide 
• 110-86-1 pyridine 
• 102-54-5 ferrocene 
• 10139-47-6 zinc(II) iodide 
• 13462-90-3 nickel(II) iodide 
• 311-28-4 tetra-(n-butyl)ammonium iodide 
• 7681-11-0 potassium iodide 
• 10377-51-2 lithium iodide 
• 7681-82-5 sodium iodide 
• 80937-33-3 oxygen 
• 19229-76-6 iron(III) 
• 7722-84-1 dihydrogen peroxide 

Downstream Products

• 14362-44-8 iodide 
• 13598-36-2 phosphonic Acid 
• 7553-56-2 iodine 
• 22537-48-0 cadmium(II) 
• 128872-18-4 {Co(CO)3(P(C₆H₅)3)2}⁽¹⁺⁾*I₃^(1-)={Co(CO)3(P(C₆H₅)3)2}I₃ 
• 7782-68-5 iodic acid 
• 7732-18-5 water 
• 15454-31-6 iodate 
• 14332-21-9 hypoiodous acid 
• 506-78-5 cyanogen iodide 
• 16043-45-1 titanium(IV) 
• 7727-37-9 nitrogen 
• 22537-33-3 gallium(III) 
• 126901-00-6 iodosulfate ion 

Relevant articles and documents

Reaction Kinetics in a Microemulsion Medium IV. Hexacyanoferrate(III)-Iodide Reaction in Water/Aerosol-OT/Heptane Microemulsion and Mixed Solvents

The kinetics of the reaction between [Fe(CN)6]3- and I- was studied in a W/O microemulsion (Water/AOT/Heptane at different [Water]/[Amphiphile] mole ratios) and in mixed water-organic media (water-formamide, water-ethylene glycol, and water-dioxane). The pseudo-first-order rate constants were observed to radically increase in microemulsion media with a [Water]/[AOT] mole ratio below 6. At a mole ratio of 5.4, the rate constant was found to be about 20-fold greater than that in water. At a constant mole ratio, the rate constant was witnessed to be independent of [AOT]. In all mixed media, the rate decreased with increasing proportion of the nonaqueous solvent. The ionic-strength effect on the reaction did not obey either the modified Bronsted-Bjerrum or Bronsted-Bjerrum-Pitzer relations in the studied nonaqueous media, except for ethylene glycol. This disagreement is very prominent in the studied W/O microemulsion medium at [Water]/[AOT] ω = 9.1. The activation parameters for the pseudo-first-order reaction in all of the studied media suggested distinct difference of the microemulsion from other solvents. A reasonable compensation between ΔH? and ΔS? i.e., the isokinetic effect, was observed.

Sequential flow injection determination of iodate and periodate with spectrophotometric detection.

A flow injection (FI) system is described for the sequential determination of periodate and iodate based on their reaction with iodide at pH 3.5. Two sample plugs were injected into the same carrier stream sequentially. One injection is for the iodate determination and the other for the sum of iodate and periodate determination. For iodate determination, molybdate solution buffered at pH of 3.5 was used for selective masking of periodate. The influences of reagent concentrations were studied by a univariable method and the influence of FI manifolds was studied using univariable and simplex method. Periodate and iodate can be determined in the range of 0.050-5.0 and 0.050-10 microg/ml, respectively. The 3 sigma limit of detection was 0.030 and 0.050 microg/ml for periodate and iodate, respectively. The proposed method has been applied for the sequential determinations of periodate and iodate in water samples.

Photolysis of triiodide studied by femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy with emission detection

The photodissociation of triiodide into diiodide and iodine in ethanol solution was studied by a novel femtosecond pump-probe technique. The dispersed emission of the triiodide sample was recorded as a function of the delay between a 407 nm pump pulse and

Mechanisms of oxidation reactions of iodide and hexacyanoferrate(II) ions, induced by the reaction between phosphinate ion and molecular oxygen in an aqueous solution

When an I- solution was mixed with a PH2O2- solution which had been kept standing for given times of 5-40 min m the presence of molecular oxygen (O2), the I2 (or I3-)

Microemulsion as a Medium in Chemical Kinetics: The Persulfate-Iodide Reaction

Rate constants are reported for the oxidation of iodide ions by persulfate in sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (aerosol OT or AOT)/decane/water microemulsions.The rate law is in the form v = k2->2->, where both concentrations are referred to the aqueous phase.The reaction rate is higher in microemulsions than when it takes place in a conventional aqueous medium.Results show that when the AOT concentration remains constant, the reaction rate decreases when increasing the molar ratio w = /, appearing to asymptotically approach the rate in bulk water as the amount of water in the microemulsions increases.For a given w value, the reaction rate shows no dependence on the surfactant concentration.

High electron transfer of TiO2nanorod@carbon layer supported flower-like WS2nanosheets for triiodide electrocatalytic reduction

WS2-based nanomaterials have been extensively studied due to their unique catalytic properties. However, it is still a great challenge to prepare WS2-based electrocatalysts with both maximally active edge sites exposure and high electronic conductivity. In this work, we have engineered a 1D-2D multidimensional nanostructured TiO2 nanorod@carbon layer supported flower-like WS2 nanosheets (TNRs@C@WS2) electrocatalyst with abundant exposed active edge sites as well as high electron transfer abilities. The TNRs@C@WS2 was explored as a good catalyst for the triiodide reduction reaction. The assembled dye-sensitized solar cell achieves a high photoelectric conversion efficiency (7.15%) and comparable to that (7.18%) of Pt. This unique 1D-2D multidimensional nanostructure may open up new opportunities for a variety of applications in clean energy and catalysis.

Chemistry induced by hydrodynamic cavitation

-

Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of ternary copper(ii) complexes containing nitrogen and oxygen donors as functional mimics of catechol oxidase and phenoxazinone synthase

Two ternary copper(ii) complexes 1 [(Cu2Me4en)4(EDTA)] and 2 [(CuMe4en)2(MIDA)] containing the mixed ligand system of 1,1′,4,4′-tetramethylethylenediamine (Me4en) (L) and N-methyliminodiace

Photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide modified with thiourea under the action of visible light

Photocatalyst powders were synthesized from nanosized titanium dioxide crystals modified by sintering with thiourea (TU). The powders contained anatase crystals of various sizes. TU-TiO2 powders absorbed visible light to produce an oxidizer (oxidizing iodide) and a reducing agent (reducing tetranitromethane). The activity of TU-TiO2 correlated with the size of nanocrystals. The photocatalytic activity of TU-TiO2 was suggested to be related to impurity states appearing during modification in the forbidden band of TiO2.

Copper catalysis of the oxidation of iodide by [FeIII(bpy) 2(CN)2]+ in acetonitrile

Because of its potential relevance to the Graetzel photoelectrochemical cell, we have investigated the oxidation of iodide by [Fe(bpy) 2(CN)2]+ in acetonitrile solution at 25 °C. The reaction occurs on the stopped-flow time scale and is highly sensitive to catalysis by Cu2+, to the degree that, under typical conditions, the impurity levels of Cu2+ are sufficient to dominate the reaction. 2,2′-Bipyridine is a very effective inhibitor of the Cu2+ catalysis, and 1 μM Cu2+ can accelerate the rates by as much as a factor of 280, relative to the bpy-inhibited reaction.

The effect of hydroxycinnamic acids on oxy-radical generating iodide-hydrogen peroxide reaction

The influence of hydroxycinnamic acids (HCA) on the oxy-radical generated system, potassium iodide/hydrogen peroxide, was investigated through the enhancement of triiodide (I3-) yield. Caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and p-coumaric acid were used as typical representatives of HCA. A linear correlation, with positive slopes, was found between absorption maximum of I3- at 351 nm and HCA concentration in all cases. The magnitude of enhanced I3- production was found to increase in the following order: p-coumaric acid A reaction mechanism, which includes negative influence of oxygen-centered free radicals on the I3- yield, was proposed. The enhanced production of I3- by HCA is attributed to their radical scavenging activity. Supported by literature data, results obtained in this study have showed the correlation between radical scavenging activities of HCA and their ability to enhanced I3- generation.

Polyiodine and polyiodide species in an aqueous solution of iodine + KI: Theoretical and experimental studies

In the presence of KI, iodine crystals dissolve rapidly in an aqueous solution forming triiodide ions (I3-) and other neutral species. The experimental evidence does not support the formation of polyiodide ions such as I5-, I7-, etc. in the solution. However, there is a strong evidence suggesting the formation of polyiodine species, I2x where x = 2, 3, etc., stabilized by H+ ions in the solution. Ab initio results are presented for structures and energies of some of these species with an x value of up to 4. Each geometry optimization was done at the HF/LANL2DZ level followed by a single-point energy calculation at the MP2/LANL2DZ level. These calculations suggest that the isolated polyiodine species are not stable and, among the complexed species, the protonated clusters are most stable.

Heterogeneous Catalysis in Solution. Part 19. The Effect on Oxidation-Reduction Reactions of Certain Sparingly Soluble Salts and Other Solids

The addition of various semiconducting solids (silicon and metal sulphides) and of two ionically conducting solids appeared either to catalyse or inhibit the rate of iodine formation by the reactions (3-) + I(-) in aqueous solution.The curious effect of CuI on the latter reaction was investigated in more detail.Adsorption experiments demonstrated that (3-) and I3(-) chemically attacked these solids.Their chemical instability in the presence of the oxidants or the reaction mixtures was confirmed by thermodynamic calculations and the observed kinetic effects could then be explained.Only silica and silver(I) iodide did not affect the rates of the reactions; adsorption tests and thermodynamic calculations showed that these two solids were stable under the experimental conditions.The catalytic effect produced by a solid is therefore genuine only if kinetic and/or thermodynamic evidence has established its chemical stability in the reaction mixture.

The Kinetics and Mechanism of the Chlorine Dioxide - Iodide Ion Reaction

The oxidation of iodide ion by chlorine dioxide has been studied by stopped-flow techniques at I = 1.0 M (NaClO4). The following two-term rate law was confirmed for the reaction: -d[ClO2]/dt = kI[ClO2][I-/

Photoredox decomposition of tin(II), lead(II), antimony(III) and bismuth(III) iodide complexes in solution

The main group metal complexes SnI3- , PbI3- , SbI4- and BiI4- display long-wavelength absorption bands which are assigned to sp/ LMCT transitions. The photochemistry of these complexes is determined by the CT character of their lowest-energy excited state. The photolysis in acetonitrile leads to a photoredox decomposition which yields I3- and the elemental metals as final products. The results of the continuous photolysis are supplemented by observations on the flash photolysis of PbI3-.

Kinetics and Mechanisms of the Vanadium(IV)-Catalyzed Oxidation of Iodide Ion in the Presence of Molecular Oxygen in an Acid Solution

The kinetics of the oxidation of iodide ion to iodine by molecular oxygen catalyzed by VO2+ ions were studied in sulfuric acid solutions in the dark.After an induction period during which time the I2-radical anion forms, the rate of formation of iodine increased due to catalysis by VO2+ ions.The rate of reaction depended on the concentrations of VO2+, H+, and I-, and was independent of the ionic strength.The reaction was inhibited by either radical scavengers or the complex-forming substances of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and chloride ions.A chain mechanism containing I2-radical anion/I2, VO2+/V3+, and O2/HO2-radical redox cycles is presented.

Preparation of CdS/BiOCl/Bi2O3 double composite system for visible light active photocatalytic applications

An efficient visible-light-harvesting (λ ≥ 420 nm) three component system heterojunction photocatalyst, CdS/BiOCl/Bi2O3 was prepared by anchoring of CdS nanoparticles on the surface of BiOCl/Bi2O3 composite. The effect of CdS nanoparticles on the surface of BiOCl/Bi2O3 composite photocatalyst had been justified in enhancing photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of organic pollutants in gas as well as aqueous phase. With the loading of CdS on to the BiOCl/Bi2O3 heterojunction composite photocatalyst, the photocatalytic activity of the CdS/BiOCl/Bi2O3 composite structure has been appreciably improved for the decomposition of 2-propanol (IPA) in gas phase and salicylic acid (SA) in aqueous phase under visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 420 nm). The amount of loading of CdS nanoparticles was optimized to 2 mol% CdS/BiOCl/Bi2O3. Compare to bare BiOCl/Bi2O3 photocatalyst, CdS/BiOCl/Bi2O3 heterojunction demonstrated 2 times decomposition of IPA in gas phase and 1.8 times of SA in aqueous phase after 120 min. of visible light irradiation. At the same time, with this composition the evolution of CO2 from degradation of IPA was 1.9 times higher than that of BiOCl/Bi2O3 composite. The enhanced photocatalytic efficiency is deduced from the electron (eˉ) and hole (h+) transfer among the component semiconductor nanoparticles Bi2O3, BiOCl and CdS due to their relative energy band positions. Several experimental evidences were also provided to confirm the electron-hole transfer among the semiconductors and a mechanistic way has been proposed.