24261-13-0Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Benzyl radicals from toluene by photosensitization with naphthalene-1,4- dicarbonitrile - Benzylation and hydroxymethylation of unsaturated compounds
Mella, Mariella,Fagnoni, Maurizio,Albini, Angelo
, p. 2137 - 2142 (2007/10/03)
In aprotic media, photoinduced electron transfer from toluene to 1,4- naphthalenedicarbonitrile (DCN) is followed by in-cage proton transfer and radical coupling. However, in the presence of a protic co-solvent, the radical ions diffuse out of the cage and deprotonation of the toluene radical cation takes place from the free solvated species. With (BuOH, this results in reductive benzylation of DCN through coupling of benzyl radicals with DCN-·. With MeOH, secondary hydrogen abstraction by PhCH2- yields hydroxymethyl radicals, which couple with DCN-·. Both benzyl and hydroxymethyl radicals are efficiently trapped by electrophilic alkenes. Thus, in the presence of dimethyl maleate, DCN-photosensitized benzylation - or hydroxy-methylation - of the substrate occurs through direct activation of the C-H bond. The same reaction has been accomplished with acrylonitrile, albeit with a lower yield.
Semiconductor Photocatalysis: Visible Light Induced Photoreduction of Aromatic Ketones and Electron-deficient Alkenes catalysed by Quantised Cadmium Sulfide
Shiragami, Tsutomu,Ankyu, Hirofumi,Fukami, Shinako,Pac, Chyongjin,Yanagida, Shozo,et al.
, p. 1055 - 1062 (2007/10/02)
Colloidal CdS suspensions (CdS-0) prepared at 0 deg C from methanolic Cd(ClO4)2 and Na2S solutions consist of quantised CdS microcrystallites (2-5 nm) and their loose aggregates, which catalyse the effective photoreduction of aromatic ketones and electron-deficient alkenes with triethylamine as electron donor.Under visible light induced photolysis, the methanolic CdS-0 suspension becomes brown owing to the reduction of lattice Cd2+ to Cd0, leading to the effective formation of alcohols from ketones, and dihydro compounds from alkenes.With the reduction potential2-) in the CdS-0 system, however, suppresses the formation of lattice Cd0, inducing one-electron transfer photoreductions which result in the exclusive formation of pinacols and 1,2,3,4-tetra(methoxycarbonyl)butane from the respective ketones and dimethyl maleate.The relationship between the two-electron reductions and the photogenerated lattice Cd0 is discussed in terms of the regulation of semiconductor photocatalysis.
